1 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

LASER LIGHT SECURITY SYSTEM

INDEX

CHAPTER 1

 Introduction
 Security System

CHAPTER 2

 Literature Survey
 Experiment
 Aim
 Components
 Principle
 Circuit Diagram
 Experimental Setup

CHAPTER 3

 Working

CHAPTER 4

 Result & discussion

CHAPTER 5

 Advantages

CHAPTER 6

 References
2 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

CHAPTER 1:-

INTRODUCTION

 Security is the most important factor today .Technology develops day by day
in the world. The crime gang also improves their technology to perform their
operation.
 So technology of security should modern with time to protect the crime works.
We decided to make a security.
 In this project we have used the laser light to cover a large area.
 We know laser light goes through long distance without scattering effect. it’s
also visible at source and at incident point, otherwise invisible
 When any person or object or cross over the laser line the security alarm will
ring and also the focus light will “on” to focus the entrance of unauthorised
person. We can make a security boundary of single laser light by using mirror
at every corner for reflection.

SECURITY SYSTEM

The most basic definition of any security system is found in its name. It is literally
a means or method by which something is secured through a system of interworking
components and devices.

A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion or unauthorised entry into a

building or other area. Security alarm are used in residential , commercial , industrial,
military properties for protection against burglary or property damage, as well as personal
protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise help protect vehicles and their contents.
Prisons also use security systems for control of inmates. Museums use security system to
ensure safety of valuable artifacts and historical items. Banks such as the pentagon has been
integrated
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CHAPTER 2:-

LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] Laser based security system using Arduino UNO by Paramitha Mondal, Madhusree
Mondal. The proposed system

contains sensor, Arduino UNO, ESP Wi-Fi module, buzzer, LDR module. In this system once
security system detects the

intruder buzzer starts buzzing very loudly, spy camera takes the photo of the intruder and
sends it to the registered email

address for valid proof.

[2] Laser based security system for home by Harshal Hemane, Debarati Sen. In this proposed
system mirrors are used to

reflect the laser rays to cover the region surrounding home in all direction. When laser light is
incident on a mirror, it gets

reflected from one mirror to another and falls on LDR. If any of the laser ray is blocked the
buzzer produces beep sound.

[3] Laser security alarm system by A.B.N.V. Prasad, K. Ravi Raj, K. Siva Ganesh, M. Lithin
Siva swamy Naidu, N.

Phaneendra. In this project based on the voltage drop across the LDR is considered to turn On
and Off the transistor. If

the voltage drop across the LDR is low transistor is turned Off, if the voltage across the LDR
is high transistor is said to

be turned On. Once the transistor is turned on buzzer produces beep sound.

[4] Laser security system by Debarati Dutta. The proposed system contains LDR, IC555,
transistor, buzzer which gives

alert that the intruder has entered the monitored entrance through beep sound.

[5] Door lock security using Raspberry Pi and QR Code by Arigela Sai Kalyan, Balibineni
Bharat Teja Raju, Mudraboina

Venkatesh. In this project the study is aimed to develop a web-based security door using QR
code system for the

laboratory where at the same time the authorized person can perform access monitoring the
student’s attendance.
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CHAPTER 3:-

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Aim: Design and implementation of laser light security system.

Components:

 Breadboard
 LDR (light depending resistor)
 LED (light emitting diode)
 BC547 transistor
 10k ohm resistor
 Buzzer
 Laser light
 Battery with connector
 Wires

PRINCIPLE

If infrared sensors are placed strategically, the beams of light will make it impossible for an
intruder to come into the area without the sensor being alerted. The sensor, which is
connected to the basic alarm unit through a wireless connection, then triggers the basic unit to
alert the monitoring service.

The laser is a concentrated light source that puts out a straight line “Pencil Beam” of light of
a single colour. The detector is sensitive to light and puts out a voltage when the laser light
hits it.
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DIAGRAM

Experimental setup:
 Place the bc547 transistor into the breadboard.
 Now connect LDR to Base and Emitter of the transistor.
 Connect resistor to base and blank part of breadboard.
 Connect the anode of the LED to the resistor and cathode to the collector of the
transistor.
 Now connect the buzzer the same way we have connected the LED
 Connecting the positive side of the breadboard to the resistor and negative side is with
the emitter of the transistor. Now connecting the voltage supply.
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7 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

CHAPTER 4:-

WORKING

1. This circuit is based on LDR (light dependent resistor), a variable resistor in which
the resistance varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
2. The LDR and resistor form a potential divider network, which is the main part of our
security alarm circuit.
3. We know that transistor can acts as a switch, so the same principle is used here.
4. The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the transistor switch. When the
voltage drop is above cut in voltage (0.7V), the transistor is turned ON.
5. LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and high resistance in the absence of
light.
6. In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously using
3 mirrors. Light from other source should not be allowed to fall on the LDR.
7. In this situation, the resistance offered by LDR is too low, since the LASER light is
continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface. Thus the voltage drop across the
LDR is also low [V=IR(Ohm’s law)] which is insufficient to turn ON the transistor,
so the transistor remains in OFF state.
8. When a person (eg: thief) makes a block to the continuous flow of LASER beam, then
the light falling on the LDR gets blocked. Thus its resistance increases to a high value
in the order of range (According to Ohm’s law V=IR).
9. While resistance increases the voltage drop also increases, when this voltage drop
exceeds the cut in voltage of the silicon NPN transistor (BC547), it will turn ON.
10. Then current from Vcc starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor, which
makes the beep sound. The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of
some security failures.
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CHAPTER 5:-

RESULT & DISCUSSION:-

 Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new and improved burglar
alarms popping up every day.
 With rapid advancement of technology, the field is turning out to be an area full of
scope and new changes can be made to make its more efficient.
 It has years to come, because security is of prime importance to all.

CHAPTER 6:-

ADVANTAGES

 Laser security system can be used in safety lockers in our homes, where even if the
locker’s code is hacked, it acts as an additional layer of security.
 Apart from security systems, this laser based setup can also be used to check if pets or
babies crossed a certain boundary.
 Most modern home alarm systems can detect environmental dangers as well,
including fire and sound an alarm to alert your family.
 Many home alarm systems offer add-on medical alert.
 A laser security alarm is a system designed to detect unauthorized entry – into a
building or area. They are also called security alarms or security systems.
 Burglar alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties
for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal
protection against intruders(someone who enters a place without permission).
 Prisons also use security systems for control of inmates (a person living in prison).

CHAPTER 6:-

REFERENCE

 https://www.electronicshub.org/laser-security-system/[2
 https://www.slideshare.net/123xyz123/laser-security-system[3]
 https://blog.prayogindia.in/make-laser-light-security-alarm/[4]
 Digital Electronics : An introduction to Theory and Practice by William Gothmann.
 Digital Electronics by John Morris.
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