SALWAN PUBLIC SCHOOL

GURUGRAM

Physics
Investigatory
Project
Topic: Laser Security Alarm System
SUBMITTED BY:
NITIN GOEL
XII-A
CBSE ROLL NUMBER-
 INDEX
 CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
 WORKING
 APPLICATIONS
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Nitin Goel of
Class 12-A has successfully
completed the project titled “Laser
Security Alarm System’’ under the
guidance of Mr. Pankaj Gupta for
the academic session 2020-2021 as
prescribed by Central Board Of
Secondary Education.

SUBJECT TEACHER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure to express
my gratitude towards our physics
teacher Mr. Pankaj Gupta for his
invaluable guidance, support and
encouragement throughout the
duration of the project.
Without his motivation and help the
successful completion of this project
would not have been possible.
I would also like to thank Mr.
Brahmjeet , our Lab assistant and all
my classmates who helped me in
some way or another in successful
completion of this project.
 INTRODUCTION
THE SIREN PRODUCES LOUD NOISE AND
FLASHING LIGHT WHEN THE INTRUDER BREAKS
INTO YOUR HOUSE.

Nowadays, cities are not safe and therefore, it is

necessary to protect your house and your
belongings. There are plenty of thieves
interested in breaking into your home. So, think
about implementing your own home security
alarm system. The simple circuit we are going to
build up can prevent your home from burglary
while you’re away at night-time.
This homemade circuit offers plenty of other
functions. For examples, Light/Dark detector. An
alarm buzzer or an indicator light may be
switched on by a room light when intruder gets
into your house or when drawer, coffer
containing valuable items and door of the
fridge are open.
Components Required
 Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically
supports and electrically connects electronic
components using conductive tracks, pads
and other features etched from copper
sheets laminated onto a non-conductive
substrate. Components like capacitors,
resistors or active devices are generally
soldered on the PCB. Advanced PCBs may
contain components embedded in the
substrate.

 LDR
A photoresistor or light-dependent resistor
(LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled variable
resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor
decreases with increasing incident light
intensity; in other words, it exhibits
photoconductivity.
Resistor
Electrical component that limits or regulates
the flow of electrical current in an circuit.

 NPN Transistor
Transistor consisting of a layer of P-doped
semiconductor between two N-doped layers.
A small current entering the base is amplified
to produce a large collector and emitter
current.

 Laser pointer
Small handled device with a power source
and a laser diode emitting a very narrow
coherent low-powered laser beam of visible
light.
 LED
A light emitting diode (LED) is a
semiconductor device that emits visible light
when an electric current passes through it.
 Battery
Combination of one or more cells used as a
source of power.
 Wires
Conducting material like a thread or
Rod which is used to connect
different parts of a circuit.
 Buzzer
An electrical device that makes a
buzzing noise and is used for
signalling.
 Battery Clip
Used as an electrical connection to
the battery.
 Capacitor
A device used to store electric
charge, consisting of one or more
pairs of conductors separated by an
insulator.
 PCB

Resistor NPN Transistor

Buzzer

Battery Clip

Capacitor
Circuit Diagram
 Experimental Setup
1) Connect a photocell to a 5K resistor, This
will pick up the laser light and enable the
alarm.
2) Use a 2N7000 transistor to link the
resistor, a 1uF 63V capacitor, a 5V siren
and a 9V battery clip, The attached
schematic should demonstrate how the
pars come together. Use an breadboard
to hold them in place and make sure
the board is small enough to fit into a
project box. Do not connect the battery
yet.
3)  Use tape, glue, or strips of Velcro to
mount the two project boxes on either
side of the door you wish to protect.
4) Connect a 9V battery to the first project
box and replace it in the exact position
it was in.
5) Turn the laser on with the hag switch
and make sure it lines up perfectly with
the photo cell. The alarm is now
activated. If anything breaks the beam,
the siren will start.
 WORKING
1) This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended
Resistor), a variable resistor in which the
resistance varies according to the light intensity
falling on it.
 2) The LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential divider
network, which is the main part of our security
alarm circuit,
 3)Transistor acts as a switch.
 4) The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive
the transistor switch, When the voltage drop is
above cut in voltage (0.6V), the transistor is turned
ON.
 5) LDR has low resistance (‘m’ ohm range) in the
presence of light and high resistance (‘M’ohm range)
in the absence of light.
 6) In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed to
fall on the LDR continuously using 3
Mirrors.
 
.
7) Light from other sources should not be allowed to
fall on the LDR, so place the LDR in a box with a
single hole to pass LASER.
 8) In this situation, the resistance offered by LDR is
too low, since the LASER light is continuously allowed
to fall on the LDR surface.
 9) Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low
(Ohms law) which is insufficient to turn ON the
transistor, so the transistor remains in OFF state.
 10) When a person makes a block to the continuous
flow of LASER beam, then the light falling on the LDR
gets blocked. Thus its resistance increases to a high
value in the order of ‘M’ohm range (According to
Ohms law V=IR).
 11) While resistance increases the voltage drop also
increases, when this voltage drop exceeds the cut in
voltage of the silicon NPN transistor (2N7000), it will
turn ON.
 12) Then current from Vcc starts flowing to ground
via the buzzer and transistor, which makes the beep
sound.
 13) The beep sound from the security alarm gives
the indication of some security failures.
 
 Applications of
Laser Security Alarm System
1)Generally these systems are used in
prominent places like Museums,
Banks, Jewellery shops etc.

2)Nowadays its advanced version is

used which sends text messages
when there is some security failure
to inform the owner about it.

3)Also, due to the development of

cheaper versions it is now also used
in homes as an extended measure of
security.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.google.com

 www.wikipedia.com

 Physics NCERT Class 12 Book

 Physics Practical Book