Thickness & Thinness - 8 Mar 2016

Tajweed Class | 8 Feb 2016
﷽
‫ ھادی شاھد‬:‫اسم الطالب‬ ‫ محمد طاھربشیر‬:‫اسم املعلم‬
THICKNESS AND THINNESS (‫)التفخیم و الترقیق‬

HEAVY LETTERS ) ‫( الحروف املفخمہ‬
There are seven bold / full mouth letters. These letters are pronounced with a heavy and strong voice.
‫ظ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫خ‬

ْ ْ َ َّ ُ
These are arranged in a group form )‫ضغ ٍط ِقظ‬ ‫(خص‬
The heavy letters have the quality of ‘isti’laa’ (rising high). Because while pronouncing them, a part of the
tongue (mostly the back part) rises up to the roof makes the letter sound heavy.
The letters “Laam and Raa (‫ ر‬،‫ ”)ل‬have some exceptions. They may be bold or light.
LIGHT LETTERS )‫(الحروف املرققہ‬
All the letters other than the heavy letters and the temporary heavy and light letters.
THE RULES OF THE LETTER ‫'( ر‬RA')
There are 2 categories of the letter “Raa” (‫)ر‬. It can be read with:
1. Thickness (‫)ﺗَفْخِﻴْم‬
2. Thinness (‫)ﺗَرْقِﻴْق‬
THICKNESS OF LETTER ‘RAA’ ( ‫) الت فخی م الرا‬
To produce this sound, the back of the tongue rises in the mouth. This elevation of the tongue produces a thick
or heavy sound.
There are 7 categories for when the letter “‫ ”ر‬produces a thick sound:
1. When it carries a fathah or dammah , fathatan ً or dhammatan ً
SURAH: VERSE EXTRACT FROM VERSE
ُ ْ ُ
E.g (91:13) ِ ‫َرسول‬
‫للا‬
َ
(91:14) ‫ف َع َق ُر ْو َھا‬
ُ َّ
(8:48) ‫َجار لک ْم‬
2. When Raa is sakin (carries a sukoon) and the letter before it carries a fathah or dammah
َ َْ ُ َ
E.g (91:6) ‫ض َو َما ط ٰح َھا‬ ِ ‫والر‬
َْ ُ
(102:2) ‫ُز ْرﺗ ُم امل َق ِاب َر‬
3. When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a 'helping' kasra (not an original kasra)
E.g (89:28) ‫ا ْر ِج ِعی ِا ٰلی َربِـ ِک‬
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4. When Raa is sakin and the letter before Raa is vowelless and the letter before it carries a kasra
َ َ
E.g (24:50) ‫ا ِم ا ْرﺗ ُابوا‬
َ َ
(21:28) ‫ِمل ِن ا ْرﺗ ٰض ی‬
(23:99) ‫َر ِب ا ْر ِج ُع ْو ِن‬
5. When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a kasrah , and the letter after the "‫"ر‬
is a full mouth letter (ista'ala) that doesn't carry a kasrah. There are total of 5 words in the entire
Quran to which this rule applies.
‫ص ًادا‬ َ ‫َک َان ْت م ْر‬
E.g (78:21) ِ
َ ْ
(6:7) ‫ِقرطاس‬
(9:107) ‫ص ًادا‬ َ ‫َوِا ْر‬
َ
(9:122) ‫ِف ْرقۃ‬
‫ص ْاد‬ َ ‫َلب ْامل ْر‬
(89:14) ِ ِ
6. When it carries a sukoon as a result of wanting to stop (therefore not an original sukoon), and the
letter before it is not a ya "‫ "ی‬and carries a sukoon , and the letter before that has either a
fathah or dammah
E.g (103:1) ‫ص ْر‬ ْ ‫َو ْال َع‬
ُ
(103:2) ‫خ ْس ْر‬
7. When doing waqf on a Raa with ishmam or iskan and the preceding letter is other than ‘yaa’ which
carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a fatha or dhamma.
ْ َُ َ
E.g (97:2) ‫ل ْیلۃ ال َق ْد ْر‬
(55:35) ‫ِم ْن َّنا ْر‬
THINNESS OF THE LETTER ‘RAA’ ( ‫) الت رقیق الرا‬
To produce this sound, the back of the tongue lowers so that a flat sound is produced.
There are 5 categories for when the “‫ ”ر‬produces a thin/light sound:
1. When it carries a kasrah or kasratan
ْ َ
E.g (79:36) ‫َو ُب ِرز ِت ال َج ِح ْی ُم‬
ُ َ
(103:2) ‫ل ِف ْی خ ْسر‬
2. When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries an original kasra in the same word and a
letter of ista'ala (thick) doesn't follow it
﷽
E.g (79:17) ‫ِا ْذ َھ ْب ِا ٰلی ِف ْر َع ْو َن‬

3. When it carries a sukoon (due to stopping either in the middle or end of an ayah), and the letter
before it is a letter of istifaal(thin) carrying sukoon , and the letter before this carries a kasrah
َ
E.g (89:5) ‫ق َسم ِل ِذ ْی ِح ْج ْر‬
ْ َ
(2:68) ‫َول ِبک ْر‬
4. When it carries a sukoon (as a result of stopping, either in the middle or end of an ayah) and the
letter before it is a "‫( "ی‬elongated or otherwise) and the "‫"ی‬carries a sukoon
َ َّ
E.g (100:11) ‫َی ْو َم ِئذ لخ ِب ْی ْر‬
َْ ْ ٰ
(85:11) ‫ذ ِل َک ال َف ْو ُز الک ِب ْی ْر‬
5. Raa of imaalah is read with tarqeeq (light sound)
E.g. (11:41) ‫َم ْجر َھا‬
THE RULES OF THE LETTER ‫'( ل‬LAAM')

Like the letter 'ra', the letter 'laam' can also be pronounced as a thick / full mouth (Tafkheem) or thin (Tarqeeq)
letter. This is one of the temporary Qualities.
THICKNESS OF THE LETTER ‘LAAM’ (‫)ﺗفخیم الالم‬
To produce this sound, the tongue elevates in the mouth producing a thick/ heavy sound.
2 categories:
1. The ‫ ل‬in the pronunciation of the name 'Allah' ‫ﷲ‬, when it is preceded by a fathah or Dammah
EXTRACT FROM VERSE SURAH: VERSE
َ ُ َُ ْ ُ
Fat-hah ‫للا ا َحد‬ ‫قل ھو‬ (112:1)
ْ َ
Dhammah ِ ‫نص ُر‬
‫للا‬ (110:1)
2. The ‫ ل‬in the pronunciation of the name 'Allah'‫ ; ﷲ‬when it is preceded by a sukoon , and the letter
before that carries a fathah or Dammah
َ ‫َول ُت َکب ُرو‬
‫للا‬
Dammah
ِ ِ (2:185)
Dammah
َ‫َو َّاﺗ ُقو للا‬ (2:189)
CAUTION!
If the letter preceding the name 'Allah' ‫ ﷲ‬is a thin one, be careful not to pronounce it thick as this can easily be
done due to the letter laam being pronounced thick
﷽
E.g (2:7)
ُ ‫َخ َت َم‬
‫للا‬
The letter "‫ "م‬should be pronounced thin even though the laam is being pronounced thick.
THINNESS OF THE LETTER ‘LAAM’ (‫)ﺗرقیق الالم‬
To produce this sound, the back of the tongue lowers so that a flat sound is produced.
3 categories:
1. The Laam “‫ ” ل‬in the pronunciation of the name 'Allah' ‫ ﷲ‬when it is preceded by a kasra
E.g (85:8) ‫لل‬
ِ ‫ِبا‬
ٰ ََْ
(82:19) ‫ِّل‬
ِ ِ ‫یوم ِئذ‬
2. The Laam “‫ ”ل‬in the pronunciation of the name 'Allah' ‫ ﷲ‬when it is preceded by a sukoon, and this is
preceded by a kasra
ُ ‫َو َس َی ْجزی‬
‫للا‬
E.g (3:144)
ِ
3. In all other instances
َ
E.g (111:1) ‫ل َھب‬
ُ
(111:2) ‫َمالہ‬
(108:2) ‫ِل َرِب َک‬
MISCELLANEOUS
When the letter preceding the name 'Allah' is a "‫"ی‬, the harakaat of the letter preceding the "‫ "ی‬will
determine if the "‫"ل‬in Allah's name is pronounced thick or thin

Tafkheem ُ ‫َھ َدی‬
‫للا‬ (2:143)
(thick)
َ َْ
ُ ‫ف َی ْھدی‬
Tarqeeq (thin) ‫للا‬ ِ ‫کی‬ (3:86)

Thickness & Thinness - 8 Mar 2016

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Tajweed Class | 8 Feb 2016

THICKNESS AND THINNESS (‫)التفخیم و الترقیق‬

‫ظ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ط‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫خ‬

LIGHT LETTERS )‫(الحروف املرققہ‬

THE RULES OF THE LETTER ‫'( ر‬RA')

THICKNESS OF LETTER ‘RAA’ ( ‫) الت فخی م الرا‬

E.g (79:17) ‫ِا ْذ َھ ْب ِا ٰلی ِف ْر َع ْو َن‬

THE RULES OF THE LETTER ‫'( ل‬LAAM')

THICKNESS OF THE LETTER ‘LAAM’ (‫)ﺗفخیم الالم‬

THINNESS OF THE LETTER ‘LAAM’ (‫)ﺗرقیق الالم‬

EXTRACT FROM VERSE SURAH: VERSE

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