Ship Marine Engineering

Knowledge

Engine Room Layout

Main and Auxiliary Engines
Lec. 1-2
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 Lecture 1
Introduction

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 Ships Types
What is the meaning of a ship ?
Ship is a large vessel floats in water. It can be used in different
purposes , Its design takes place according to the purpose of
usage.

A ship might be reasonably divided into Three Distinct Areas:

➢ The Cargo - Carrying Holds or Tanks

➢ The Accommodation
➢ The Machinery space

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 Cargo ship
The ship is divided to compartments separated by bulkheads .Engine
room is one of these compartments , mostly located AFT of the ship.

Tramp Ships Bulk Ship

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 Cargo Ship
General Cargo Ship Container Ship

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 Engine Room Equipment
1) Main propulsion system 10) Purifiers (Lube. Oil & H.F.O)
2) Steering gear system 11) Oily water separator (OWS)
3) Auxiliaries 12) Incinerator
4) Aux. Boiler 13) Refrigerator & Air Condition
( Economizer & Super Heater )
14) Tanks ( F.W – Ballast – Bilge Holding Tk. )
5) Aux. Engines
( Diesel Generators or Steam Turbine Generator ) 15) F.O. tanks ( Storage-Settling-Service-Sludge )
6) Pumps 16) L.O. tanks ( Storage –Service- Drain )
7) Heat exchangers 17) Various ship systems
( Hydraulic – Pneumatic – Control )
8) Fresh water generators ( Detailer )
9) Compressors (emergency & Main)

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 Engine Room Location in ship Portions
Engine Room is located in Ship
AFT Portion

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 Main Engine and propeller shaft
( Power Transmission System )
▪ Main engine produce a torque which is transmitted to the propeller through
propeller shaft and other shafts .
▪ The thrust from the propeller is transmitted to the ship’s hull through thrust block and
causes the ship to be propelled in the direction of the thrust
( AHEAD or ASTERN ) .

Conventional V-type

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 Steering Gear
Steering gear function is to steer
the ship to the direction given by
the operator .

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 Generators
Generators produce required electric power which drives most of ship’s
equipment .
Auxiliary Engine Emergency Generator

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 H.F.O , M.G.O , Lube. Oil
( Services , Settling and Oil Storage Tanks )
F.O. settling F.O. Serv.
Tank Tank
Side Tanks
Generators

L.O.
Storage D.O. Serv.
Tank Tank

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 F.W Coolers
Fresh water is cooling Engines and others Auxiliaries machines in
a closed circuit and it is cooled by Sea water inside the coolers . That
Heat Exchanging process takes place in coolers.

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 Pump
They are used to suck liquid and transfer it from place to another.
Centrifugal Pumps + Electric Motor is attached by Coupling

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 Attached Pumps are fitted on Engine Gears

Some types of Engines have

Attached F.W cooling pumps
and some use Separated
pumps which Circulate F.W
From F.W Coolers to engine’s
cooling spaces and back to
Expansion Tanks (Header Tk.)

Examples :
▪ Lube Oil Attached
▪ D.O Attached p/p
▪ F.W Cooling Attached p/p

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 Engine Room Space ( Different Equipment )
▪ L.O. pumps:
supplying oil to lubricate engines’ S.W. cooling
Moving Parts & Fixed Parts. Pumps
Ballast
▪ Ballast Pumps:
pumps
Filling & Discharging Sea water to and Bilge well
from ballast tanks.
▪ Bilge pumps:
collecting & transferring leakages
to bilge holding tank ( BHT ). Bilge
pump
▪ Fire pumps:
Pumping sea water to fire line.
▪ Domestic F.W. pumps:
pumping fresh water
Fire Pumps
to accommodation fresh L.O. circulating
pumps
water line.

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Pipe Line Color Code
According to
ISO 14726-2 (2002)
Board Ships and
Marine Structures.

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 Air Compressors
Air compressors suck air from atmosphere
and compress it into Air Reservoirs
with about 30 bar.
This compressed air is used for :
▪ Starting engines
▪ Control air system
▪ other purposes like
operating of
air driven tools.

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 Boilers
Most Merchant ships have boilers which are steam generators , in other hand
Supply Boat doesn’t have a boiler
(It is Running on Diesel Engine)

Steam is used mainly in

▪ Steam Turbine Generators
▪ Heating Coils of
Heavy Fuel Oil Tanks ,
Purifier Heaters
▪ Accommodation and
other purposes
( Cleaning ) .

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 Oily Water Separators ( OWS )
▪ All ships over 400 GT should have oily water separator according to IMO
requirements MARPOL
( International Conventions for The
prevention of Pollution from the ships ).
▪ The Equipment Should be able to
separate the Oil from Water and allow
the water to pass overboard
the ship with max. 15 ppm Oil in water .

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 Oily Water Separators ( OWS )

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 Sewage Treatment Plant ( STP )
Most ships have sewage plant which is treating sewage biologically before pump
it out to sea.
▪ According To MARPOL Convention

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 MARPOL Convention

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 MARPOL Convention

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 F.W Generator ( Distiller)
to produce distillated water from Sea water that will compensate the required
amount of fresh water.
(To increase the Heat Efficiency of Engines Cooling Fresh Water)

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 Incinerator
To be Used onboard ships to incinerate Garbage, wood ,paper and sludge

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 Purifiers
Are Used for purification of H.F.O , MGO and lubricating oil . They Separate solid
(dirties) & water from oil.

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 Fuels & Lube. Oil
Most large marine main engines use heavy fuel oil which need to be purified from water and
sludge before using it . There are three steps to do that :

1- Settling Tank ( As mentioned in Pic.)

2- Purification:
3- Filtration ( As mentioned in Pic.)

Used for purification of fuel oil, diesel oil

and lubricating oil . They Separate solid
(dirt) & water from oil.
Note :- Heating of heavy fuel oil & lub. oil
should take place in all purification processes.

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 Heat exchangers
▪ Coolers : used to transfer heat from hot liquid
to cool liquid to cool the hot one . Coolers are
used to cool fresh water which is used to Cool
Main Engines M/E and Generators
Aux. Engine , also Coolers are used
to Cool Lubricating oil and Scavenge Air .
▪ Heaters : used to heat liquids like fuel and
domestic fresh water.

Heat Exchangers are Divided

to Two kinds ( According To Design ) :
1- Shell & tube type.
2- Plate type.

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 Emergency equipment
1) Emergency Generator :
Mostly fitted in the emergency generator room located in the upper deck. It has its Own Fuel
Tank, Starting Batteries and F.W. expansion tank. It is cooled by fresh water which is circulating in
closed system and cooled by air fan fitted in front of a radiator. Its design should be considered to
supply enough power to run emergency equipment.
2) Emergency fire pump:
Mostly located on deck, it has separated suction line from sea; its discharge goes to main fire
line. Some ships have small diesel engine to run emergency fire pump and some can be
operated by emergency generator power supply.
3) Emergency steering :
Steering hydraulic pump may be powered by emergency generator and operated from bridge,
also, Manual operation can be done from emergency steering station and communication is
made with bridge by using emergency communication system.
4) Emergency compressor :
Located in the engine room near to air reservoirs, some types are manually operated and some
can be driven by small diesel engine.

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 Deck Machineries
1) Deck cranes :
Used for loading and discharging cargo,
also can be used for opening hatch covers.

2) Anchor winches:
used for releasing and pulling up anchors.

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 Deck Machineries
3) Mooring winches (Capstans):
used for tighten mooring ropes during ship berthing.

4) Life boat winch:

used for dropping life boat to
water and lifting it back.

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 Deck Machineries
5) Gangway winches :
used for lifting up and releasing down
gangways. Life boat winch: used for
dropping life boat to water and
lifting it back.

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 Engine Room Location

Why the Engine Room is located in Aft in most ships ?

▪ To increase Safety
▪ More Economic
▪ To increase damage survivability
▪ To improve shaft alignment
▪ Maximizes the cargo carrying
capacity of the vessel

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 Control Room , Engine Room , Purifier Room , Shaft Tunnel

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 Thanks

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