Readings in Philippine History and Society

 Zues Salazar advocated the use of Filipino in historical discourse.

 Pantayong pananaw is the Filipino point of view in writing history. Mga salaysay na may
saysay sa isang grupo ng tao.
 Primary sources can be written or unwritten (sound, artefacts, art work etc.) that
provides direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object or person.
 Secondary sources is any account of something that is not a primary source.
 Diary is an example primary source.
 Newspaper article is a secondary source.
 Internal Criticism is the analysis of the content of the document.
 External criticism is the analysis of form of the document.
 Personal journal is a primary source.
 Limasawa is the venue of the first mass.
 Butuan was confused for Limasawa as the venue of the first mass.
 Historiography is the writing and interpretation of history.
 Positivism asserts that history should be based on verifiable data and examined under
stem scrutiny.
 New historicism holds that study of history should not be limited to written documents.
Historical evidences can be sourced out of non-traditional sources such as oral history,
archeological or anthropological.
 Fernand Braudel is the proponent of annales school of history.
 Karl Marx suggested that history is a struggle of power between social classes.
 Michale Foucault believes that history is based on perspective.
 Friedrich Nietzsche emphasizes the use and abuse of history.
 Wilhelm Hegel advocated that history is linear.
 Pedro Patiño exposed Katipunan as a secret society aimed to oust Spanish authorities in
the Philippines.
 Juan Sebastian Elcano is the first person to circumnavigate the globe.
 Historical narratives are affected by the time it was written, biases and intention of the
writer and nearness to the event.
 The execution of GOMBURZA is the turning point of Philippine nationalism.
 Andes and Procopio Bonifacio was executed on May 10, 1897.
 Cry of Pugad Lawin, the first cry of Philippine revolution was on August 23, 1896.
 Filipino middle class during Spanish era were called Principalia.
 Illustrados are young Filipinos sent by their parents to study abroad especially in Europe
 Pure breed Spaniards born in Spain are called peninsulares.
 The most liberal Governor-General of Spain is Carlos Maria dela Torre.
 Rafael Esquerdo permitted the execution of GomBurza.
 Secularization movement aims to transfer the administration of churches in the
Philippines to Filipino priests.
 Fr. Pedro Pelaez spearheaded the secularization movement in the Philippines.
 Mariano Gil is the priest the reported the existence of Katipunan to the Spanish
authority.
 Spaniards born in the Philippines are called Insulares.
 Highest positions in the Spanish government are usually reserved to Peninsulares.
 Natives of lands colonized by Spain are called Indios, which are derogatory for the
natives.
 Paninilbihan is the term used to describe servitude of a man wishing to marry a girl
during pre-colonial period.
 Laro Makapagal was the one tasked to carry out the decision of the military court to
execute the Bonifacio brothers.
 The KKK structure is composed of Kalastasang Sangunian. Sanguniang Bayan Sanguniang
Balangay at Sanguniang Pang hukuman.
 Roman Basa is the second president of the Katipunan.
 Jose Burgos lead the secularization movement after Pedro Pelaez's demise.
 Francisco Zaldua implicated and stand witness against GomBurza in the Colity mutiny.
 Writing history during Spanish times aims primarily in understanding the natives of a
missionary mission.
 The first order to preach in the Philippines are the Augustinians.
 Dominicans one the most experienced missionaries.
 Dominicans sufficiently understand the early life and culture in the Philippines.
 Jesuits helps us understand the 19th century Philippines.
 Franciscans recorded early cultures and the orders work in China and Japan.
 internal criticism checks and look into the reliability of the historical sources.
 Estado de las islas Filipinas en 1810 by Thomas de Comyn, described the colonial
economy after the opening of Manila for international trade.
 Bigay suso was given by the man to the wet none of the girl he wishes to marry.
 Secular Spanish period history were written by Spanish officials, foreign dents and
writers and the Filipino illustrados.
 The opening of the Philippines to international trade paved the way to free flow of
liberal ideas consumed by the Illustrados.
 Filipino historians seek reform thru their writings, arts and other activities during
Spanish period.
 The triangular method of recruitment was utilized by the KKK, with membership fee
from 300 to 30.000.
 Katapunan aims to develop sense of self-help and defense of the oppressed.
 Historiography during American period is relatively easier to write but extremely biased
towards Filipinos.
 Historiography during third republic is dominated by WESTERN STYLE with maxim no
document, no history."
 Historiography during third republic was heavily influenced by cold war, history of the
colonists in the Philippines.
 Teodoro Agoncillo revitalized the writing of history highlighting the revolution of 1896
and challenges the positivist approach in writing history.
 Corregidores is the leader of an unpacified areas in the Philippines during Spanish era.
 Renato Constantinto focuses on the history from below. He believed that the masses
are the primary mover of history.
 William Henry Scott and F. Landa Jocano became authorities in pre-colonial Philippines.
Used archeological and anthropological evidences to reconstruct indigenous history.
 Reynaldo Eleto, in his book Pasyon at Revolution offer new interpretation of the Pasyon
as used by Filipinos as inspiration against the colonizers.
 Oral history is a historical source of special nature.
 Oral history is the first-hand recollections of the people interviewed by the historians.
 Oral history is the narratives and description of people and events in the past which
have been handed down by word of mouth over several generations.
 La Liga Filipina break into two factions after Rizal banishment to Dapitan, the Katipunan
and the Cuerpo de compromisarios.
 Oral history unwritten sources couched in a form suitable for oral transmission and that
their preservation depends on the power of memory of successive generations of
human beings.
 Oral history is the raw material of social memory.
 Interpretation of oral history requires critical evaluation and that it must be deployed in
conjunction with all other available sources.
 Transcriptions of testimonies is needed is needed to process oral history.
 The idea of F. Marcos Sr. about New Society as Thesis, Edsa Revolution as the Anti
Thesis and Fifth Republic as Synthesis is a demonstration of Hegel's dialectic concept of
history.
 Annales schools of history seeks to understand history in a larger scale through longer
period of time.
 Ferdinand Braudel integrates space and time in the study and understanding of history.
 Creoles is a mixed race of Filipino-Spanish or Chinese-Spanish.
 First election in the Philippines happened on March 22, 1897 in Cavite.
 Cavite mutiny was staged by workers of the Cavite arsenal because of their satisfaction
in removing their privileges, on of which exception from rendering the Polo y servicios.
 Spain successfully colonized the Philippines on 1565.
 According to Esquerdo, della Tore's liberal leadership of the Philippines radicalized the
people against Spain.
 La Solidaridad was established to express the goal of the Propaganda Movement
towards achieving assimilation with Spain.
 Historical negationism also known as DENIALISM is falsification or distortion of
historical records. Arguing and presenting evidence that human rights violation never
happened during martial law is an example of historical denialism.
 Historical revisionism is the reinterpretation of historical accounts it challenges existing,
stablished and accepted facts by presenting new evidences.
 Act de Tejoros is a document declaring the election in the Tejeros convention null void.
 Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act is the first low setting a process and a date for Philippine
independence.
 Tydings-McDuffie Law was lobbied by Manuel Quezon.
 Gabaldon Act 1907 was passed to established schools in the Philippines.
 Narciso Claveria proposes the use of Spanish surnames and adaptation of new calender.
 Macario Sakay is the president of Republika ng Katagalugan.
 Naik military agreement is a document stablishing a government separate from the one
established during the Tejeros convention.
 Semion Ola the last general to surrender to the Americans.
 Manuel Tinio is the youngest general in the revolutionary army.
 Primary sources ore sources that are contemporaneous to the period under study.
 Secondary sources are sources that utilize primary sources to provide an interpretation
of the past.
 Marcario Sakay was sentenced to death due to the violation of Brigandage of 1902.
 Las costumbres de los Tagalos en Filipinas is a primary source about the religion of the
early Filipinos written by Fray Juan de Plasencia.
 Sucesos de las Islas Pilipinas is a nonreligious account for early Philippines penned by
Antonio de Morga.
 Jones Law grants independence to the Philippines as soon as a stable government can
be stablished.
 Mariano Alvarez is the leader of the Magdiwang faction of the Katipunan NOT Andres
Bonifacio.
 Alipin can become FREE if her master impregnated her. Likewise, her children from the
said master is free as well.
 La Solidaridad is the organ of propaganda movement to which the propagandists freely
express their criticism of the Spanish colonial government.
 Baldomero Aguinaldo is the president of Magdalo faction of Magdalo Faction and NOT
Emilio Aguinaldo.
 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act sets quota for Philippine exports.
 Blak-na-Bato Constitution was patterned after the Jimaguayo constitution of Cuba.
 Emilio Jacinto became the "Brains of the Katipunan" when he wrote the Kartilya of
Katipunan and headed the revolutionary newspaper Kalayaan.
 Letters of Rizal for his fellow reformists are primary sources.
 Text book is a secondary source as it sights primary sources.
 Internal and internal criticism are components of historical method.
 To know if an historian evidence or source is fake in must undergo and passed the
external criticism.
 Numismatics is the collection or study or coins and currencies.
 Artemio Ricarte was elected General-in-chief in the Tejeros Convention.
 Gobernadorcilla is the head of a town during Spanish colonization.
 For Karl Manx, history is a result of material condition of society. Concept which
incorporated in the concept of historical materialism.
 Pre-colonial government in the Philippines was called barangay.
 Sedition Law provided that any Filipino advocating independence or separation from
the US will be severely punished by death or imprisonment.
 A Katipon member of Katipunan’ password is anak ng bayan.
 Teodoro Plata Ladislaw Diwa, Valentine Diaz Jose Dizon and Deodato Aeliano were with
Andres Bonifacio in organizing the Katipunan.
 The propaganda movement seeks annexation of the Philippines by Spain.
 Katipunan aim towards full independence from Spain.
 People's varying opinion in the legacy of EDSA People Power of 1984 is consistent to
Michale Foucault idea that history is based on perspective.