CHAREF 8.

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I - HOLY BIBLE

The 2nd Chance of Jonah

“And the Lord appointed a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly
of the fish three days and three nights.” (Jonah 1:17 ESV)

God tells Jonah to go and preach in Nineveh, but Jonah is scared. Instead of listening
to God, Jonah runs in the other direction and ends up floating in the ocean. God
sends a whale to eat Jonah. What many may think is judgment is actually a sign of
grace because He saved Jonah from the sea and gave him a second chance to go to
Nineveh.

II – HEALTH

CHEST PAIN

Call ambulance immediately if you or someone else has symptoms like:

• central chest pain or discomfort in the chest that doesn't go away – it may feel
like pressure, tightness or squeezing
• pain that radiates down the left arm, or both arms, or to the neck, jaw, back or
stomach
• unconsciousness
• seizures or fitting
• difficulty breathing (snoring or rasping)
• rapid heart beat
• low or undetectable heart beat
• blue or pale tingling of knees, hands and lips
• chest pain and breathlessness, nausea, sweating or coughing up blood

Causes of chest pain

There are a number of different conditions that can cause chest pain. You should
always seek medical advice to make sure you get a proper diagnosis.
Depending on your symptoms and circumstances, you may need further investigation.

Heart attack
A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is suddenly blocked.
Chest pain is more likely to be caused by a heart attack if it:
• lasts more than 15 minutes
• occurs while resting

Angina
Angina is a condition where the blood supply to the muscles of the heart is restricted.
Chest pain caused by angina is usually triggered by physical activity (exertion). It
usually gets better with rest after a few minutes.

Pulmonary embolism
A pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the blood vessel that carries blood from the
heart to the lungs. This can cause sharp, stabbing chest pain that may get worse
when you breathe in. It can also be accompanied by:
• breathlessness
• a cough
• dizziness
• coughing up blood

Pericarditis
Pericarditis is inflammation of the sac surrounding your heart. This can cause a
sudden, sharp and stabbing pain in your chest. It may also cause more of a dull ache.
This pain usually gets worse when you lie down.

Lung conditions
Lung conditions that can cause chest pain include:
• pneumonia – inflammation of the lungs (usually caused by an infection)
• pleurisy – inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs (usually
caused by an infection)
Conditions affecting the lungs can cause sharp chest pain that:
• gets worse when you breathe in and out
• is accompanied by other symptoms like coughing or breathlessness
If someone has severe pneumonia or pleurisy, they may also have symptoms like:
• rapid breathing
• confusion
Seek medical advice immediately if you or someone else has symptoms of:
• a heart attack
• angina
• a pulmonary embolism
• pericarditis
• pneumonia
• pleurisy

Other causes of chest pain

There are many other potential causes of chest pain, including:
• gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) - acid from the stomach comes up
into the oesophagus (gullet) causing burning chest pain (heartburn) and an
unpleasant taste in the mouth
• acute cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder that can cause a sudden
sharp pain in the upper right side of your tummy that spreads towards your
right shoulder
• strained muscle - can cause chest pain that's painful and tender to touch
• costochondritis - inflammation in the cartilage that joins the ribs to the
breastbone (sternum) that can cause pain, swelling and tenderness around the
ribs
• panic attack or anxiety - can sometimes be accompanied by chest pain
III – WORDS FOR THOUGHTS

“It’s not about better time management. It’s about better life management” —
Alexandra of The Productivity Zone

IV – LAW

Who has the Right to Decide on the Funeral Arrangements of the Deceased?

The following hierarchy shall be observed in giving preference to decide on the funeral
arrangements of the deceased: the spouse, descendants in the nearest degree,
ascendants in the nearest degree and brothers and sisters
It has been said that nothing is certain except death and taxes. However, even if death
is certain, funeral arrangements are not. It is a commonplace scene in telenovelas that
the wife and the mistress fight over the remains of the deceased. Who then has the
right and duty to make funeral arrangements for the deceased?
Believe it or not, there is a section in the Philippine Civil Code that is devoted to
funerals. Article 305 of the Civil Code provides:
Article 305. The duty and the right to make arrangements for the funeral of a relative
shall be in accordance with the order established for support, under article 294. In
case of descendants of the same degree, or of brothers and sisters, the oldest shall be
preferred. In case of ascendants, the paternal shall have a better right.

The order for support shall be used as the same hierarchy for funeral
arrangements.
The general rule is that the funeral shall be in accordance with the expressed wishes
of the deceased pursuant to Art. 307 of the Civil Code. However, in the absence of
such express wishes, the law will step in to designate the person responsible for
making the funeral arrangements. Art. 305 enunciates that the order established for
support shall be the same hierarchy followed in determining who shall exercise such
right. Under Art. 199 of the Family Code, the following order shall be followed:
1. Spouse;
2. Descendants in the nearest degree;
3. Ascendants in the nearest degree;
4. The brothers and sisters.
In this regard, only in the absence of a spouse can the children decide on funeral
arrangements. Further, if the deceased has no spouse and children, the parents will
decide. Finally, if all three do not exist, then the siblings shall decide. Pertinently, Art.
305 provides that if the descendants shall decide, preference is given to the oldest. In
the same vein, if only the parents are present, the father shall be given preference.

The legal wife, and not the mistress, shall have the right to make funeral
arrangements of her husband.
Now, what will happen if the deceased is estranged from his legal wife and is in fact
living with his mistress? Who has a better right?
This issue has been settled by the Supreme Court in the case of Valino vs.
Adriano (G.R. No. 182894, 22 April 2014). In such case, the spouses separated in fact
and consequently, the wife migrated abroad. Thereafter, the husband fell in love with
another woman and cohabited with her until his death. When he died, the legal wife
argued that she should have the right to the remains of her husband and to make the
necessary funeral arrangements. On the other hand, the mistress countered that the
spouses had been separated for over 20 years and that she was the one who took care
of the deceased when his wife left him. The mistress added that it was the express
wish of the deceased that she attend to his funeral arrangements.

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the legal wife and held that our country does not
recognize common-law relationships. The law simply confines the right and duty to
make funeral arrangements to the members of the family to the exclusion of one’s
common law partner. Even if the spouses were separated in fact, the Supreme Court
held that the right to deprive a legitimate spouse of her legal right to bury the remains
of her deceased husband should not be readily presumed to have been exercised,
except upon clear and satisfactory proof of conduct indicative of a free and voluntary
intent of the deceased to that end. Should there be any doubt as to the true intent of
the deceased, the law favors the legitimate family.

Even if the deceased gave instructions that his mistress shall decide, the legal
wife shall still have the right and duty to make funeral arrangements.
Even if the deceased wished his mistress to decide on funeral details, the Supreme
Court enunciated that the wishes of the decedent with respect to his funeral are not
absolute such that they are limited by Article 305 of the Civil Code in relation to
Article 199 of the Family Code, and subject the same to those charged with the right
and duty to make the proper arrangements to bury the remains of their loved-one.
This is how the rights on funeral arrangements are dealt with under Philippine law
and jurisprudence.

Reference: https://ndvlaw.com/who-has-the-right-to-decide-on-the-funeral-arrangements-of-the-
deceased/

GOVERNMENT AGENCY: DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The National Bureau of Investigation (Filipino: Pambansang Kawanihan ng
Pagsisiyasat, abbreviated as NBI) is an agency of the Philippine government under
the Department of Justice, responsible for handling and solving major high-profile
cases that are in the interest of the nation.
The NBI was modelled after the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
when it was being established.[2]

History

The Division of Investigation, later renamed the National Bureau of Investigation,

came into existence on June 19, 1947, the date Republic Act 157 was approved. Its
history goes back to November 13, 1936, when a Division of Investigation (DI) under
the Department of Justice was created with the enactment of Commonwealth Act No.
181 by the First National Assembly. Section 1, C.A. No. 181 provides:[3]

A Division of Investigation under the Department of Justice is hereby created. It shall

be composed of such personnel as may be necessary, in the discretion of the Secretary
of Justice, and its duties shall be to help in the detection and prosecution of crimes; to
acquire, collect, classify and preserve criminal identification records; and to obtain
information on all matters affecting the public interest.

The DI was the brainchild of Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon and the
then–Secretary of Justice José Yulo.[4] A veteran American police officer, Capt. Thomas
Duggan of the New York Police Department (NYPD), and the only Filipino member of
the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Flaviano Guerrero, were hired
by the Philippine government to organize the Division of Investigation of the
Department of Justice.[4]

The formation of the DI generated considerable public interest and more than 3,000
applied for the initial 48 positions of NBI Agents. Physical and medical examinations
were conducted by doctors from the Philippine General Hospital and San Lazaro
Hospital. Of the 3,000 applicants, only 150 were allowed to take the mental test and,
of this number, less than 100 passed. After further screening, 48 were certified for
employment and of these successful candidates, only 45 actually accepted
appointments as Agents.

The DI was then formally organized in 1937 and was composed of forty-five (45)
Agents and approximately 100 officials and employees. These included lawyers,
doctors, chemists, fingerprint technicians, photographers, research assistants, clerks,
stenographers, janitors and messengers. The DI office operated in Manila, where its
Agents and technical personnel were dispatched to the provinces from time to time to
investigate crimes of public interest or when the necessity arose.

The DI operation was suspended upon the surrender of the Commonwealth

Government to the occupying Japanese forces during World War II. The Japanese,
however, revived the DI and allowed it to function as a division under the Department
of Justice until the establishment of the Japanese puppet Philippine Republic of
President José P. Laurel. During the Laurel administration, the DI was merged with
the Secret Service Division of the Metropolitan Constabulary (Manila Police
Department or MPD) and the Intelligence Unit of the Japanese-run Philippine
Constabulary.

Upon the liberation of the Philippines by combined Filipino and American forces in
1945, the DI was not immediately reorganized since most of its original members were
seconded in the service of the United States Army Counterintelligence
Corps (CIC). After the surrender of Japan in August 1945, the DI was reactivated
[2]

and the original members were called back to the service. The reactivated DI started
with no records or equipment, most of which had been systematically destroyed by DI
personnel for security reasons in order to prevent classified documents and equipment
from falling into the hands of the Japanese.

In 1947, as the Philippines struggled to recover from the ravages of war, criminality in
all its forms increased dramatically, straining the meager resources of the newly
reorganized police service in effectively combating sophisticated organized crime
groups and the solution of complex crimes. Due to the increase of lawlessness in the
land, DI personnel agitated for the conversion of the Division of Investigation into a
bureau, believing that an enlarged, highly professional and better equipped bureau
similar to that of the American Federal Bureau of Investigation was needed to
effectively fight organized crime groups and solve crimes of a complex nature.

In response, Congress filed House Bill No. 1162, from which Republic Act No. 157
originated. R.A. 157 was approved by Congress and enacted into law on June 19,
1947, which renamed DI to the Bureau of Investigation (BI). [4] On October 4, 1947,
R.A. 157 was amended by Executive Order No. 94 to change the name from BI to the
National Bureau of Investigation.[2]

V – THE SCHOOL POLICY

CAMPUS NOISE LEVEL (CNL)

Schools are naturally full of sound. The voice of a teacher, the chatter of students, the
shuffling of feet in the halls. Sound itself is not the problem; the real problem arises
when sounds become noise. Many schools fail to recognize that noise in schools can
greatly impact student health, well-being and productivity and thus leave many
students vulnerable to the adverse impacts of noise. This article explores why noise in
schools is harmful and provides solutions to help address these concerns.

Noise vs. Sound

To fully understand why noise in schools is a key issue that schools must address, it
is important to understand the difference between sound and noise.
Sound is the energy transferred from the air and detected in our ears, enabling us to
hear the world around us.

Noise has both a physical component (what a person hears) and a subjective
component (a person’s individual perception, or reaction, to a sound). When a sound
is unwanted or harmful, it is then defined as noise.

How Noise Affects Student Physical and Psychological Health

Chronic exposure to noise has been linked to hearing loss, elevated blood pressure,
changes in heart rate as well as annoyance, increased levels of irritability, and stress.
In fact, one study found that college students ranked the aural environment as
the most important factor determining their overall satisfaction with indoor
environmental quality.

Noise is also associated with poorer academic performance, such as difficulty

performing cognitive tasks, decreased attentional focus, and impaired performance on
a range of literacy, numeracy, and speed tests. A landmark study conducted in the
1970s found that students in classrooms next to raised subway tracks were nearly a
year behind their classmates on the other side of the building; when sound-controlling
measures were implemented, the noise-impacted students caught up.

Another study conducted among French students aged 8-9 years old found that
ambient noise exposure was significantly associated with lower scores in math and
French – for each 10 decibel (dB) increase, the French and math scores decreased by
an average of 5.5 points.

Background Noise in Schools

When it comes to noise, we are typically referring to background noise (also known as
ambient noise). You may be wondering where these noises come from? Background
noise in the classroom can originate from outside the building (e.g., vehicle noise),
inside the building (e.g., noise from the hallway), or from students in the classroom
itself. It can make it more difficult for students to hear teachers and for teachers to
speak without raising their voices and suffering fatigue as a result.

Background noise can also adversely affect performance due to the irrelevant sound
effect – a phenomenon in which background noises reduce memory retention, even if
that sound is irrelevant and low-volume. Research indicates that students’ (especially
younger students’) ability to recognize speech sounds is impaired in the presence of
even low levels of background noise.

What Is the Campus Noise Level (CNL) and Why Is It Important?

The CNL is the difference between the source sound signal and the background noise
and can help to measure speech intelligibility. The lower the CNL, the greater the
speech intelligibility. The Golden Heritage school administration imposed that that
school campus and classrooms must maintain a very low CNL to help students
understand the teachers/speakers very well.

The lower CNL means that the intentional sound (e.g., teacher speaking) is greater
than the background noise of the classroom and is determined to be the level at which
ambient noise will not be a barrier to classroom learning for most students.
Background noise in the classroom, and the higher CNL that results from it, has been
associated with decreased performance in students.

In Golden Heritage, the campus overseer whistle whenever Campus Noise Level is
HIGH in order to maintain a very low CNL.