School of Engineering

American University in Dubai

EMEC460 – Homework ( 4 )

Fall 2022/ 2023

Instructor: Dr Ghaleb Ibrahim

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Q1)What is the difference between a machining center and a turning center?

A machining center is a CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool that is capable of
performing multiple types of cutting operations involving rotating spindles. For example
drilling, milling,etc.
It also contains some other features such as:
• being equipped with automatic tool-changing
• pallet shuttles to speed up work part changing
• being equipped with automatic work part positioning

A turning center: is a highly automated CNC machine tool that is able to perform turning,
milling, and drilling operations in one setup .
The general configuration of a turning center is able to position a cylindrical work part at a
specified angle so a rotating cutting tool (e.g., milling cutter) can machine features into
outside surface of part .Conventional turning center cannot stop work part at a defined
angular position and does not include rotating tool spindle unlike that of the machining
center.
Thus we can say that turning Centers perform rotating spindle operations while the
Machining Center performs a turning-type operation.

Q2) How do shaping and planning differ?

Shaping: is performed on a machine tool called a shaper. The shaper consists of a ram,
which moves relative to a column to provide the cutting motion, and a worktable that holds
the part and accomplishes the feed motion. The motion of the ram consists of a forward
stroke to achieve the cut and a return stroke during which the tool is lifted slightly to clear
the work and then reset for the next pass. On completion of each return stroke, the worktable
is advanced laterally relative to the ram motion in order to feed the part.
Planing: The machine tool for planing is a planer. Cutting speed is achieved by a reciprocating
worktable that moves the part past the single-point cutting tool. The construction and motion
capability of a planer permit much larger parts to be machined than on a shaper. Planers can be
classified as open side planers or double-column planers. The open-side planer, is also known as
a single-column planer.

Q3)A shaper is used to reduce the thickness of a 50-mm cast iron part to 45 mm. The top surface
of the part is 640 mm long by 220 mm wide. Cutting speed = 0.10 m/sec, and feed = 2.0
mm/pass. The ram is hydraulically driven and has a return stroke that takes 50% of the forward
stroke time. An extra 2 sec must be added at the end of each forwardand reverse stroke to account
for acceleration and deceleration of the ram. The ram moves parallel to the long dimension of the
part. How long will it take to perform the operation?

Q4) A slab milling operation is performed to finish the top surface of a steel rectangular
workpiece 250 mm long by 75 mm wide. The helical milling cutter, which is 65 mm in
diameter and has eight teeth, is set up to overhang the width of the part on both sides. Cutting
conditions are v=35 m/min, f = 0.225 mm/tooth, and d = 0.65 cm. Determine:
(a) the time to make one pass across the surface
(b) the metal removal rate during the cut.