LISTENING -is 

the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process

-is to give attention to sound or action.

APPRECIATIVE LISTENING- is a type of listening behavior where the listener seeks certain information
which they will appreciate.

- For pleasure and enjoyment, as when we listen to music, to a comedy, or to an entertaining

speech.

EMPHATIC LISTENING - listening to provide emotional support for the speaker

- Psychiatric or friend

COMPREHENSIVE/ACTIVELISTENING - listening to understand the message of a speaker

- is about interpreting the words and ideas of the speaker

- classroom or directions, question and answer

STEPS IN ACTIVE LISTENING

1. Listening carefully by using all available senses

2. Paraphrasing what is heard both mentally and verbally
3. Checking your understanding to ensure accuracy
4. Providing feedback

CRITICAL/ANALYTICAL LISTENING - listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or

rejecting it

- Selling,

SENTENCE PATTERN

1. S + IV

2. S + TV + DO

3. S + LV + SC

4. S + TV + DO + OC

5. S + TV + IO + DO

Definition of Terms

 Subject- doer of the action/ topic of the sentence

 Intransitive Verb- a verb that does not need a direct object to complete its meaning.
 Transitive Verb-a verb that requires an object to receive the action.
 Direct Object- receives the action done by the subject.
 Linking Verb- a verb that connects the subject of a sentence with a word that gives information
about the subject, such as a condition or relationship.
  Subject Complement-is a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and describes or identifies
the subject.
 Indirect Object- answers the question of to whom, for whom, or for what
 Object of the Complement- it may be a word or phrase that gives further meaning to the direct
object.

MOODS OF THE VERB

o Implication - to state something

to strongly suggest the truth or existence of something that is not expressly stated
o Inference-to conclude something
to deduce or conclude information from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit
statement of that information.

MOODIS A PROPERTY OF VERBS WHICH SHOWS THE MOOD OR ATTITUDE OF THE SPEAKER.

Indicative Mood - Express a fact, opinion, or question

Imperative Mood - used to give commands or to advise or beg someone to do something

Subjunctive Mood- is the form of a verb which is used to express a wish, or a desire, or a hope, or
possibility, or a doubt, or uncertainty.

VERB TENSES

- PRESENT - The present tense is used to describe things that are happening right now, or things
that are continuous.
- PAST - The past is used to describe things that have already happened
- FUTURE - The future tense describes things that have yet to happen.
- Simple Present - The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses.
- Present Perfect Tense - an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past
- Present Continuous(Present Progessive)to be [am, is, are] + verb [present participle] - an
action or condition is happening now and may continue into the future
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense(Present Perfect Progressive Tense) - shows that something
started in the past and is continuing at the present time. (has/have been + the present participle
(root + -ing).
- Simple Past Tense - used to talk about things that happened or existed before now.
-The simple past tense shows that you are talking about something that has already
happened.
- Past Perfect Tense(pluperfect)had + [past participle] - used to talk about actions that were
completed before some point in the past.
- Past Continuous Tense(Past Progressive Tense) - refers to a continuing action or state that was
happening at some point in the past
- Past Continuous Tense(Past Progressive Tense)was/were + present participle (ing)- action that
was on going in the past
 -when on going action was interrupted by another action
-two actions were happening in the past
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense(past perfect progressive tense)had been + the verb’s present
participle (root + -ing).- action in the past continued in another point in the past.
-to show cause and effect
- Simple Future Tense(will/ going to) - used to talk about things that haven’t happened yet
- Future Perfect- refers to action in the future that will happen by specific time”
- Future Continuous Tense(future progressive tense) - indicates that something will occur in the
future and continue for an expected length of time
 -on going action in the future
 -shorter action is happening while longer action in on going.
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense(future perfect progressive) will + have + been + the verb’s
present participle (verb root + -ing).
- use to express an ongoing action/situation that will last for a specified time in the
future”