ERASMUS- Digital Business Transformation

(1LIG)
Enseignante : Dr. Zouhour Nabli A.U: 2021- 2022

Chapter 2: DBT

Table des matières

I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
II. what is AI (Artificial Intelligence), ML (Machine Learning) and DL (Deep Learning)? ..................... 1
A. What is Artificial Intelligence? ..................................................................................................... 2
B. What is machine learning? .......................................................................................................... 3
C. What is deep learning? ................................................................................................................ 3
III. Advantages of Artificial Intelligence ............................................................................................ 4
IV. Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence ....................................................................................... 5
V. Applications of artificial intelligence ............................................................................................... 6
References ............................................................................................................................................. 10

I. Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a “smart” way to create intelligent machines, machine learning (ML) is a
part of AI that helps in building AI-driven applications, and Deep Learning (DL) again is a part of
machine learning that trains a model with complex algorithms and vast data volumes.

They play a vital role in the industries focusing on providing unique experiences to the users.

Since they are related, most people confuse Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, and deep
learning. But these terms are not the same. [1]

II. what is AI (Artificial Intelligence), ML (Machine Learning) and DL

(Deep Learning)?
AI, ML, and Deep Learning are somewhat the same but not in their scope, working procedure, and
their interchangeability functionality.

- Deep Learning (DL) is a subset of Machine Learning (ML)

- Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial intelligence (AI)
Let’s discuss them one by one to understand what they are and their day-to-day applications in
present lives. [2]

A. What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart
machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.

As the name suggests, artificial intelligence can be loosely interpreted to mean incorporating human
intelligence into machines.

Whenever a machine completes tasks based on a set of stipulated rules that solve problems
(algorithms), such an “intelligent” behavior is what is called artificial intelligence.

For example, such machines can move and manipulate objects, recognize whether someone has
raised the hands, or solve other problems.

AI-powered machines are usually classified into two groups — general and narrow. The general
artificial intelligence AI machines can intelligently solve problems, like the ones mentioned above.

The narrow intelligence AI machines can perform specific tasks very well, sometimes better than
humans — though they are limited in scope.

The technology used for classifying images on Pinterest is an example of narrow AI. [3]

Video 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQLmgw3rClM
B. What is machine learning?

As the name suggests, machine learning can be loosely interpreted to mean empowering computer
systems with the ability to “learn”.

The intention of ML is to enable machines to learn by themselves using the provided data and make
accurate predictions.

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence; it’s a technique for realizing AI and a
method of training algorithms such that they can learn how to make decisions.

Training in machine learning entails giving a lot of data to the algorithm and allowing it to learn more
about the processed information. [2]

Video 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLvabh0asQU

Video 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqs8DxGhwM8&list=RDCMUCmpptkXu8iIFe6kfDK5o7VQ&index=2

C. What is deep learning?

As earlier mentioned, deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning; in fact, it’s simply a
technique for realizing machine learning. In other words, DL is the next evolution of machine
learning.

DL algorithms are roughly inspired by the information processing patterns found in the human brain.

Just like we use our brains to identify patterns and classify various types of information, deep
learning algorithms can be taught to accomplish the same tasks for machines.

The brain usually tries to decipher the information it receives. It achieves this through labeling and
assigning the items into various categories.

Whenever we receive a piece of new information, the brain tries to compare it to a known item
before making sense of it — which is the same concept deep learning algorithms employ.

Comparing deep learning vs machine learning can assist you to understand their subtle differences:

While DL can automatically discover the features to be used for classification, ML requires these
features to be provided manually.

Furthermore, in contrast to ML, DL needs high-end machines and considerably big amounts of
training data to deliver accurate results. [2]
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUFLq6dKQok

Deep Learning Applications

Here are 15 innovative ways deep learning is being used today.

1. Fraud detection
2. Customer relationship management systems
3. Computer vision
4. Vocal AI
5. Natural language processing
6. Data refining
7. Autonomous vehicles
8. Supercomputers
9. Investment modeling
10. E-commerce
11. Emotional intelligence
12. Entertainment
13. Advertising
14. Manufacturing
15. Healthcare

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uOj26mozsg

III. Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

1. Reduction in Human Error

One of the biggest advantages of Artificial Intelligence is that it can significantly reduce errors and
increase accuracy and precision. The decisions taken by AI in every step is decided by information
previously gathered and a certain set of algorithms. When programmed properly, these errors can be
reduced to null. [4]

2. Zero Risks

Another big advantage of AI is that humans can overcome many risks by letting AI robots do them for
us. Whether it be defusing a bomb, going to space, exploring the deepest parts of oceans, machines
with metal bodies are resistant in nature and can survive unfriendly atmospheres. Moreover, they
can provide accurate work with greater responsibility and not wear out easily. [4]

3. 24x7 Availability

There are many studies that show humans are productive only about 3 to 4 hours in a day. Humans
also need breaks and time offs to balance their work life and personal life. But AI can work endlessly
without breaks. They think much faster than humans and perform multiple tasks at a time with
accurate results. They can even handle tedious repetitive jobs easily with the help of AI algorithms.
[4]
 4. Digital Assistance

Almost all the big organizations these days use digital assistants to interact with their customers
which significantly minimizes the need for human resources. You can chat with a chatbot and ask
them exactly what you need. Some chatbots have become so intelligent these days that you wouldn’t
be able to determine whether you are chatting with a chatbot or a human being. [4]

5. New Inventions

AI has helped in coming up with new inventions in almost every domain to solve complex problems.
A recent invention has helped doctors to predict early stages of breast cancer in women using
advanced AI-based technologies. [4]

6. Unbiased Decisions

Human beings are driven by emotions, whether we like it or not. AI on the other hand, is devoid of
emotions and highly practical and rational in its approach. A huge advantage of Artificial Intelligence
is that it doesn't have any biased views, which ensures more accurate decision-making. [4]

IV. Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

1. High Costs

The ability to create a machine that can simulate human intelligence is no small feat. It requires
plenty of time and resources and can cost a huge deal of money. AI also needs to operate on the
latest hardware and software to stay updated and meet the latest requirements, thus making it quite
costly. [4]

2. No creativity

A big disadvantage of AI is that it cannot learn to think outside the box. AI is capable of learning over
time with pre-fed data and past experiences, but cannot be creative in its approach. A classic
example is the bot Quill who can write Forbes earning reports. These reports only contain data and
facts already provided to the bot. Although it is impressive that a bot can write an article on its own,
it lacks the human touch present in other Forbes articles. [4]

3. Increase in Unemployment

Perhaps one of the biggest disadvantages of artificial intelligence is that AI is slowly replacing a
number of repetitive tasks with bots. The reduction in the need for human interference has resulted
in the death of many job opportunities. A simple example is the chatbot which is a big advantage to
organizations, but a nightmare for employees. A study by McKinsey predicts that AI will replace at
least 30 percent of human labour by 2030. [4]

4. Make Humans Lazy

AI applications automate the majority of tedious and repetitive tasks. Since we do not have to
memorize things or solve puzzles to get the job done, we tend to use our brains less and less. This
addiction to AI can cause problems to future generations. [4]
 5. No Ethics

Ethics and morality are important human features that can be difficult to incorporate into an AI. The
rapid progress of AI has raised a number of concerns that one day, AI will grow uncontrollably, and
eventually wipe out humanity. This moment is referred to as the AI singularity. [4]

Video 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4Np2tlq2vc

Video 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8wle3DoeCY

V. Applications of artificial intelligence

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtHhh1PYRsw

List of the top 15 applications of Artificial Intelligence: [5]

1. AI Application in E-Commerce

a) Personalized Shopping
Artificial Intelligence technology is used to create recommendation engines through which you can
engage better with your customers. These recommendations are made in accordance with their
browsing history, preference, and interests. It helps in improving your relationship with your
customers and their loyalty towards your brand. [

b) AI-powered Assistants
Virtual shopping assistants and chatbots help improve the user experience while shopping
online. Natural Language Processing is used to make the conversation sound as human and
personal as possible. Moreover, these assistants can have real-time engagement with your
customers. Did you know that on amazon.com, soon, customer service could be handled by
chatbots?

c) Fraud Prevention
Credit card frauds and fake reviews are two of the most significant issues that E-Commerce
companies deal with. By considering the usage patterns, AI can help reduce the possibility of credit
card frauds taking place. Many customers prefer to buy a product or service based on customer
reviews. AI can help identify and handle fake reviews.

2. Applications Of Artificial Intelligence in Education

Although the education sector is the one most influenced by humans, Artificial Intelligence has slowly
begun to seep its roots in the education sector as well. Even in the education sector, this slow
transition of Artificial Intelligence has helped increase productivity among faculties and helped them
concentrate more on students than office or administration work.

Some of these applications in this sector include:

a) Administrative Tasks Automated to Aid Educators

Artificial Intelligence can help educators with non-educational tasks like task-related duties like
facilitating and automating personalized messages to students, back-office tasks like grading
paperwork, arranging and facilitating parent and guardian interactions, routine issue feedback
facilitating, managing enrollment, courses, and HR-related topics.
 b) Creating Smart Content
Digitization of content like video lectures, conferences, and text book guides can be made using
Artificial Intelligence. We can apply different interfaces like animations and learning content through
customization for students from different grades.

Artificial Intelligence helps create a rich learning experience by generating and providing audio and
video summaries and integral lesson plans.

c) Voice Assistants
Without even the direct involvement of the lecturer or the teacher, a student can access extra
learning material or assistance through Voice Assistants. Through this, printing costs of temporary
handbooks and also provide answers to very common questions easily.

d) Personalized Learning
Using AI technology, hyper-personalization techniques can be used to monitor students’ data
thoroughly, and habits, lesson plans, reminders, study guides, flash notes, frequency or revision, etc.,
can be easily generated.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9Ne7fcU2es

3. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Lifestyle

Artificial Intelligence has a lot of influence on our lifestyle. Let us discuss a few of them.

a) Autonomous Vehicles
Automobile manufacturing companies like Toyota, Audi, Volvo, and Tesla use machine learning to
train computers to think and evolve like humans when it comes to driving in any environment and
object detection to avoid accidents.

b) Spam Filters
The email that we use in our day-to-day lives has AI that filters out spam emails sending them to
spam or trash folders, letting us see the filtered content only. The popular email provider, Gmail, has
managed to reach a filtration capacity of approximately 99.9%.

c) Facial Recognition
Our favorite devices like our phones, laptops, and PCs use facial recognition techniques by using face
filters to detect and identify in order to provide secure access. Apart from personal usage, facial
recognition is a widely used Artificial Intelligence application even in high security-related areas in
several industries.

d) Recommendation System
Various platforms that we use in our daily lives like e-commerce, entertainment websites, social
media, video sharing platforms, like youtube, etc., all use the recommendation system to get user
data and provide customized recommendations to users to increase engagement. This is a very
widely used Artificial Intelligence application in almost all industries.

4. Applications of Artificial intelligence in Navigation

Based on research from MIT, GPS technology can provide users with accurate, timely, and detailed
information to improve safety. The technology uses a combination of Convolutional Neural
Network and Graph Neural Network, which makes lives easier for users by automatically detecting
the number of lanes and road types behind obstructions on the roads. AI is heavily used by Uber and
many logistics companies to improve operational efficiency, analyze road traffic, and optimize routes.

5. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Robotics

Robotics is another field where artificial intelligence applications are commonly used. Robots
powered by AI use real-time updates to sense obstacles in its path and pre-plan its journey instantly.

It can be used for -

 Carrying goods in hospitals, factories, and warehouses

 Cleaning offices and large equipment
 Inventory management

6. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource

Did you know that companies use intelligent software to ease the hiring process?

Artificial Intelligence helps with blind hiring. Using machine-learning software, you can examine
applications based on specific parameters. AI drive systems can scan job candidates' profiles, and
resumes to provide recruiters an understanding of the talent pool they must choose from.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9BsIhbAJd4

7. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence finds diverse applications in the healthcare sector. AI applications are used in
healthcare to build sophisticated machines that can detect diseases and identify cancer cells.
Artificial Intelligence can help analyze chronic conditions with lab and other medical data to ensure
early diagnosis. AI uses the combination of historical data and medical intelligence for the discovery
of new drugs.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDCe45SwQ40&t=110s

8. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

Artificial Intelligence is used to identify defects and nutrient deficiencies in the soil. This is done using
computer vision, robotics, and machine learning applications, AI can analyze where weeds are
growing. AI bots can help to harvest crops at a higher volume and faster pace than human laborers.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5vHPsIF5Ww

9. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Gaming

Another sector where Artificial Intelligence applications have found prominence is the gaming sector.
AI can be used to create smart, human-like NPCs to interact with the players.

It can also be used to predict human behavior using which game design and testing can be improved.
The Alien Isolation games released in 2014 uses AI to stalk the player throughout the game. The
game uses two Artificial Intelligence systems - ‘Director AI’ that frequently knows your location and
the ‘Alien AI,’ driven by sensors and behaviors that continuously hunt the player.
 10. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Automobiles

Artificial Intelligence is used to build self-driving vehicles. AI can be used along with the vehicle’s
camera, radar, cloud services, GPS, and control signals to operate the vehicle. AI can improve the in-
vehicle experience and provide additional systems like emergency braking, blind-spot monitoring,
and driver-assist steering.

11. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Social Media

a) Instagram
On Instagram, AI considers your likes and the accounts you follow to determine what posts you are
shown on your explore tab.

b) Facebook
Artificial Intelligence is also used along with a tool called DeepText. With this tool, Facebook can
understand conversations better. It can be used to translate posts from different languages
automatically.

c) Twitter
AI is used by Twitter for fraud detection, removing propaganda, and hateful content. Twitter also
uses AI to recommend tweets that users might enjoy, based on what type of tweets they engage
with.

12. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are popular in the marketing domain as well.

 Using AI, marketers can deliver highly targeted and personalized ads with the help of
behavioral analysis, pattern recognition, etc. It also helps with retargeting audiences at the
right time to ensure better results and reduced feelings of distrust and annoyance.
 AI can help with content marketing in a way that matches the brand's style and voice. It can
be used to handle routine tasks like performance, campaign reports, and much more.
 Chatbots powered by AI, Natural Language Processing, Natural Language Generation, and
Natural Language Understanding can analyze the user's language and respond in the ways
humans do.
 AI can provide users with real-time personalizations based on their behavior and can be used
to edit and optimize marketing campaigns to fit a local market's needs.

13. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Chatbots

AI chatbots can comprehend natural language and respond to people online who use the "live chat"
feature that many organizations provide for customer service. AI chatbots are effective with the use
of machine learning, and can be integrated in an array of websites and applications. AI chatbots can
eventually build a database of answers, in addition to pulling information from an established
selection of integrated answers. As AI continues to improve, these chatbots can effectively resolve
customer issues, respond to simple inquiries, improve customer service, and provide 24/7 support.
All in all, these AI chatbots can help to improve customer satisfaction.
 14. Applications of of Artificial Intelligence in Finance

It has been reported that 80 percent of banks recognize the benefits that AI can provide. Whether
it’s personal finance, corporate finance, or consumer finance, the highly evolved technology that is
offered through AI can help to significantly improve a wide range of financial services. For example,
customers looking for help regarding wealth management solutions can easily get the information
they need through SMS text messaging or online chat, all AI-powered. Artificial intelligence can also
detect changes in transaction patterns and other potential red flags that can signify fraud, which
humans can easily miss, and thus saving businesses and individuals from significant loss. Aside from
fraud detection and task automation, AI can also better predict and assess loan risks.

15. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Security

AI technology is used for surveillance, to monitor the crowd for an anomaly, evaluate video footage
for crime and apply facial recognition to optimum effect. Artificial intelligence in policing is expected
to bring about changes in security and assurance to a society. The most important objective of the
police force is to not only to prevent crime but also to solve it.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bUZWtCwZIQ

References
[1] https://geekflare.com/understanding-al-ml-
dl/#:~:text=Artificial%20Intelligence%20(AI)%20is%20a,algorithms%20and%20vast%20data%20volu
mes.
[2] https://medium.com/@JalelTounsi/quick-overview-what-is-ai-artificial-intelligence-ml-machine-learning-and-dl-deep-
learning-c29b2b80a150

[3] https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence

[4] https://www.simplilearn.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-article

[5] https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/artificial-intelligence-tutorial/artificial-intelligence-applications