Solving Rational

Equations and
Inequalities
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
 Objective:

At the end of the lesson, you must

be able to:
1. solve rational equations and
inequalities.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Steps in Solving Rational Equations:

1. Write the restriction/s.
2. Find the Least Common multiple
of the Denominators (LCD).
3. Multiply both sides of the
equation by the LCD.
4. Solve the equation.
5. Check the solution.GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Solve the following rational equations:

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
Solve the following rational equations:

? ?

Therefore, 4 is a solution of the given rational equation.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Solve the following rational equations:

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
Solve the following rational equations:

? ?

Therefore, the given rational equation has no solution.

Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Is it valid to multiply both sides of an

inequality by a variable? Why or why not?
It is not valid to multiply both sides of an inequality by a
variable. Recall that
• multiplying both sides of an inequality by a positive
number retains the direction of the inequality, and
• multiplying both sides of an inequality by a negative
number reverses the direction of the inequality.
Since the sign of a variable is unknown, then it is not valid
to multiply both sides of an inequality by a variable.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Steps in Solving Rational Inequalities:

1. Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on
one side of the inequality symbol and 0 on the
other side. (Make sure that both the numerator and
denominator are expressed as completely factored.)
2. Find the critical values for both numerator and
denominator. These values will make the
numerator and denominator equal to zero.
3. Determine the intervals or regions on the
number line determined by these critical
values. GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Steps in Solving Rational Inequalities:

4. Choose a test number in each interval or
region.
5. Inspect the signs of the numerator and
denominator in these test numbers.
6. Inspect the sign of the rational expression in
each interval.
7. Choose the interval or region that satisfies the
inequality.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Solve the following rational inequalities:

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
Solve the following rational inequalities:
Critical values:
1 on the numerator and -1 on the denominator
-∞ -1 1 ∞

x-1 - - +
E.g.: x = -2 ; -2-1 = -3 E.g.: x = 0 ; 0-1 = -1 E.g.: x = 2 ; 2-1 = 1

x+1 - +
E.g.: x = -2 ; -2+1 = -1 E.g.: x = 0 ; 0+1 = 1
+
E.g.: x = 2 ; 2+1 = 3

+ - +
Note: The dotted line and open circle indicate that the critical value is
not included as solution. The solid line and shaded circle indicate that
the critical value is included as solution.
The critical value on the denominator is always not included. The
critical value on the numerator is included only if it has an equality sign.
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
by locating zeroes:
Critical values:
1 on the numerator and -1 on the denominator
-∞ -1 1 ∞

x-1 - - 0 +
x+1 - 0 + +
+ - +
Note: The dotted line and open circle indicate that the critical value is
not included as solution. The solid line and shaded circle indicate that
the critical value is included as solution.
The critical value on the denominator is always not included. The
critical value on the numerator is included only if it has an equality sign.
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
by locating zeroes:
Critical values:
1 on the numerator and -1 on the denominator
-∞ -1 0 1 ∞

(x – 1) 2
- - - 0 +
-x
x+1
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
by locating zeroes:
Critical values:
1 on the numerator and -1 on the denominator
-∞ -1 0 1 ∞

(x – 1) 2
+ + +0 +
-x - - + +
0
x+1
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
by locating zeroes:
Critical values:
1 on the numerator and -1 on the denominator
-∞ -1 0 1 ∞

(x – 1) 2
+ + +0 +
-x + + 0 - -
x+1 - 0 + + +
- + - -
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Solve the following rational inequalities:

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
 Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
Solve the following rational inequalities:
Critical values:
-1 on the numerator and 0 and 2 on the denominator
-∞ -1 0 2 ∞

2(x+1) - 0 + + +
x - - 0 + +
x–2 - - - 0 +

Answer:
x(x-2) + + - +
{x|x ∈ℝ; x <-1 or
0 < x < 2} or
(−∞, −1) ∪ (0, 2)
- + - +
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