Solid Waste Composition Percent

Paper and cardboard 22.37

❖ Introduction Food and kitchen waste 19.15
- All waste arising from human and animal Textiles 7.41
activities that are normally solid and that are Rubber and leather 1.85
Plastics 12.38
discarded as useless or unwanted
Yard waste 21.47
- In Metro Manila – 6,000 tons of garbage is
Other combustibles 6.82
generated per day
Metal 1.93
❖ Significance
Glass 1.54
- People living near solid waste dumpsites are Screenings <12mm 4.66
constantly exposed to smoke from spontaneous Hazardous 0.41
combustion
- A separate studies by Torres et. al and Bacud
➢ Waste Generation
et. al in 1994 reported that groundwater near
- Difficulty to control and varies with individual
dumpsites are contaminated
❖ Three General Categories values and behavior
▪ - Varies daily, weekly, monthly and seasonally
- Waste arising from domestic, commercial, and - Waste reduction at source is important to
institutional activities in urban areas minimize waste generation
(cities/houshold) - Generation rate usually peaks during Christmas
- This includes: food waste, rubbish, ashes and and summer seasons
residues, demolition and construction, treatment - Quantity of solid waste generated is:
plant waste o Important in selecting collection equipment,
▪ collection routes and disposal facilities
- Waste arising from industrial activity and o Needed for planning regulatory purposes
typically include rubbish ❖ Waste Generation Rate (Dry season)
▪ Category Waste generation
- Waste that pose substantial danger immediately Household 4.31 grams/person/day
or over a period of time to human, plant or Restaurant 20195 grams/shop/day
animal life Institution 83 grams/person/day
- It exhibits: toxicity, ignitability, corrosiveness, and Market 9239 grams/shop/day
reactivity Street sweeping 11663 grams/km/day
- Chemical substances River cleansing 32527 grams/km/day
➢
- Aesthetic problems (eyesore and bad odor)
- Clogging of sewers, drains and rivers
- Breeding place of insects and rodents
- Surface and groundwater pollution
- Contribution to air pollution
➢ Solid Waste Composition
SEN GCASH NSAB
Exreta Transmitted Dismission - Itching and a localized rash (ground itch)
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
❖ Transmission of disease by - Heavy infection – abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss
feces/excreta of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and anemia
- Night soil gumagamit ng dumi ng tao para - Filariform larvae
maging fertilizer sa mga halaman o pananim ➢ Strongylodiasis
➢ Enterobiasis/Oxyriasis o Causative agent
o Causative agent - Strongyloides stercoralis
- Enterobus vermicularis - AKA “Tread worm”
- AKA “Seat Worm” ; “Pinworm” o Transmission
o Transmission - Direct skin penetration of the infective larvae
- Inhalation or ingestion of the infective eggs (filariform larvae)
(fecal-oral route) o Clinical Presentation:
- Embryonated ova - Larva Currens
o Clinical Presentation - Peptic ulcer disease and “Cochin China
- Pruritus ani – intense itching of the anus Diarrhea” (Vietnam)
- Extra-intestinal – vagina, uterus, fallopian tube - Stomach ache, bloating, and heartburn
and peritoneal cavity - Dry cough and throat irritation
- Abdominal cavity ➢ Teniasis
- Retro-infection and superinfection are common o Causative agent
➢ Hymenolepiasis - Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm)
o Causative agents - Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm)
- Hymenolepis nana (Dwarf Tapeworm o Transmission
- Hymenolepis diminuta (Rat Tapeworm) - Acquired from eating improperly cooked pork or
o Transmission beef (ingesting the infective larvae: cysticercus)
- Ingestion of infective egg or larva (cysticerci) o Clinical Presentation
o Clinical presentation - Mild abdominal symptoms and passage of
- Often asymptomatic proglottids in stool
- Heavy H. nana infections can cause weakness - Occasionally, appendicitis neurocysticercosis (
➢ Hookworm Taenia solium)
o Causative agents ➢ Trichinosis/Trichinellosis
▪ o Causative agent
- Necator americanus (New World Hookworm) - Trichinella spiralis
- Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World Hookworm) o Transmission
▪ - Ingestion of improperly cooked pork or bear
- Acylostoma Brasiliense (Cat Hookworm) meat
- Ancylostoma caninum (Dog Hookworm) o Clinical Presentation
o Transmission - Intestinal lesions (adult worm infection)
- Direct contact with contaminated soil - Acute interstitial inflammation of parasitized
o Clinical Presentation muscle fiber (larva)
SEN GCASH NSAB
 - The most common vector insects are mosquitoes
Water-related Diseases and flies
➢ o Mosquito-borne disease
- Diseases caused by ingestion of water - Malaria (plasmodium-parasite)
contaminated by human or animal feces or - Yellow fever (virus)
urine, which contains pathogenic microorganisms - Dengue fever (virus)
o Examples: - Filariasis (worm)
- Cholera – Vibrio Cholerae o Fly-borne diseases
- Typhoid – Salmonella typhi - Onchocerciasis (river-blindedness) caused by
- Amebic and Bacil iary dysentery – filarial worm Onchocerca Volvulus
Entamoeba hystolica and Shigella spp - Trypanosomiasis (West African sleeping sickness)
- Diarrhea diseases – Echerichia coli caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma bruce
➢ - Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)
- Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and - Loiasis – caused by a parasitic worm Loa loa
skin and eye contact with contaminated water
o Examples
- Trachoma – Clamydia trachomatis (skin and
eye infection
- Tinea (Ring worm) – Tinea corporis (skin,
scalp, nails)
➢
- Diseases caused by parasites found in
intermediate organisms living in contaminated
water
o Examples:
- Schistosomiasis/Katayama fever –
Schistosoma spp. (Blood fluke/flatworm)
- Dracunculiasis/Guinea worm disease –
Dracunculus medinensis
- Fascioliasis – Fasciola hepatica
- Diphyllobothriasis – Diphyllobotrium latum
➢
- Are caused by insect vectors, especial y
mosquitoes, that breed or feed near
contaminated water
- These diseases are not related to drinking-water
quality. However, consideration of vector
control can reduce the potential for water
related disease transmission

SEN GCASH NSAB