Smart City

Group: 6
MSc Scholar, MESM, BUP
1007 – Salsabil Ali Chowdhury
1010 – Mahmudul Hasan Sajib
1012 – S. M. Faruk-ul-alam
Submitted to: 1019 – Nafijul Islam Bhuiyan
Shamsunnahar Khanam, PhD 1025 – Ashim Ghosh
Associate Professor,
Department of Environmental Science (DES), 1032 – Nishat Anjum Toa
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)
1046 – Md. Abdullahil Galib
 Discussion Points

• Concept of smart city and it’s evolution (Salsabil)

• The building block or components of smart city and how this concept works (Ashim)
• The relationship with smart city with SDGs (Nafiz)
• Environmental significance of smart city (Nishat)
• The negative impact of smart city concept and the probable solutions to resolve (Galib)
• The challenges for developing a smart city (Sajib)
• Smart city concept for smart living (Faruk)

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Concept of smart city and it’s evolution

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WHAT IS SMART CITY?
• A smart city is a municipality with local government that uses information and communication
technologies like the Internet of things (IOT) and big data to increase operational efficiency share
information with the public and improve both the quality of the government services and citizen
welfare
• The mission of a smart city is to optimize city functions and drive economic growth while
improving quality of life for its citizens using smart technology and data analysis.

IOT: Network of
connected devices such
as vehicles, sensors or
home applications that
can communicate and
exchange data. Collected
by servers and devices
and stored in cloud or
servers
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HISTORY OF SMART CITY
The concept of the smart city can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when the Community
Analysis Bureau started using computer databases, cluster analysis and infrared aerial photography
to collect data, issue reports and direct resources to the areas that need them most for fighting off
potential disasters and reducing poverty. Since then, three different generations of smart cities have
emerged.

Smart City 1.0 Smart City 2.0 Smart City 3.0

led by technology providers
Implementing technology in cities
despite the municipality's inability to
fully understand the possible
implications of the technology or the
effects it may have on daily life.
Neither the technology providers nor
Led by the cities
the city leaders take control; instead, a
Forward-thinking leaders within the citizen co-creation model is embraced
municipality helped determine the
This most recent adaptation seems to
future of the city and how smart
be inspired by issues of equity and a
technologies and other innovations
desire to create a smart community
could be deployed to create this future
with social inclusion

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 THE EVOLUTION OF SMART CITIES
1974: Los Angeles begins the first urban big data project.
1994: Amsterdam creates a “virtual digital city” to promote internet usage and adoption.
2005-2008: IBM and Cisco begin researching and investing in smart city technologies.
2010: Japanese government declare Yohama as a smart city administrator
2011: The first Smart City Expo World Congress in Barcelona attracts more than 6,000 visitors from over
50 countries around the world. It will go on to become an annual event.
2012: Barcelona deployed data driver urban system.
2013: China declared 1st batch of smart cities (94 cities, districts and towns).
2014: China declared 2nd batch of smart cities (103 cities).
2015: China declared 3rd batch of smart cities (84 cities).
2020: Vietnam start work on to develop smart city.
Throughout that time, cities around the world have been gradually adopting
smart technologies in greater numbers.
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 Partnership established with a
local energy company called
Wien Energy

Vienna, Austria
> Included citizens as investors
in local solar plants
> Citizen engagement in
2 of the first cities to adopt resolving issues such as gender
Smart City 3.0 equality and affordable housing

Adopted by involving 30,000 of

its citizens in the co-creation of
Vancouver, Canada the Vancouver Greenest City
2020 Action Plan

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WHY DO WE NEED SMART CITIES?

To create an urban environment that yields a high quality of life to its residents while also
generating overall economic growth
Advantage: Ability to facilitate an increased delivery of services to citizens with less infrastructure
and cost

Urban areas to accommodate the increasing population by making more efficient use of their
infrastructure and assets
Smart city applications can enable these improvements, advance city operations and improve
the quality of life among residents.

Smart city applications enable cities to find and create new value from their existing infrastructure
Improvements facilitate new revenue streams and operational efficiencies, helping governments
and citizens save money.

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The components of smart city and how this concept works

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COMPONENTS OF SMART CITIES

 Smart Infrastructure
 Smart buildings
 Smart transportation
 Smart energy
 Smart healthcare
 Smart technology
 Smart citizens

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 Sustainability DRIVING FORCES OF SMART CITIES
 City infrastructure
 Energy and climate
change
 Pollution and waste
 Social issues,
economics and health Quality of Life (QoL)

 Emotional well-being
 Financial well-being
Urbanization
 Technology
 Infrastructure
 Governance
 Economics
Smartness
 Ambition to improve economic, social and
environmental standards of the city and
its inhabitants

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SMART INFRASTRUCTURE
Smart Infrastructure Links to
Physical Buildings
Roads and railway tracks
Power supply lines
Water supply system
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Fibre optics
Wi-Fi networks
Wireless hotspots
Services Smart power grid

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SMART BUILDING

 Smart building = Smart infrastructure.

 A smart building is a structure based on IoT technology, lighting, security, VoIP etc.
 Creates comfortable and safe environment for occupants.
 Cost optimization via analyzing building patterns, energy use and space utilization.
 Reduced environmental impact due to optimize energy and water consumption
patterns and reduce emissions.
 Enhanced health and well-being due to supporting efforts through space
optimization and improving indoor air quality etc.

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SMART TRANSPORTATION
 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) that enable communication and navigation between
cars and between car-to-infrastructure.

 Smart transportation systems works on cloud computing with real-time data to make
quick and precise choices about transportation networks.

 Local authorities able to see situations like traffic jam and unlawful parking in real time
and could take appropriate action.

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 SMART ENERGY Smart energy consists of three independent
building blocks:
i) Low-carbon generation systems such as
green energy, photo-voltaic, solar thermal, bio-
gas, and wind energy etc.
ii) Efficient distribution involves the use of
smart infrastructure, smart grid and utilization
of ICT.
iii) Optimized consumption involves effective
energy storage and smart metering.
Multi-layered Smart Energy Network Systems

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SMART HEALTHCARE
 Medical facilities and healthcare are primary
need of all citizens specially aged people.

 Smart medical equipment to monitor different

physiological statistics of patients like blood
pressure, diabetes, temperature, heart-beat etc.
and communicate to concerning medical staff via
servers.

 The sensed data collected from body of patient

transmitted to doctor's smartphone. Thus, real-
time decisions on patient health conditions and
medication can be made possible.

 Telemedicine is a specific example of smart

healthcare.

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 SMART TECHNOLOGY
 Green or renewable energy resources such as solar power and wind power are examples of smart
technology.

 Green buildings uses standards programs like Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) and
Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology (BREEAM).

 LEED certification includes important aspects like materials of the building, indoor environmental
quality, smart grid, and water efficiency.

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HOW A SMART CITY WORKS
Successful smart cities follow four steps:

1. Collection - Smart sensors throughout the city gather data in real time.

2. Analysis – Collected Data is assessed in order to draw meaningful insights.

3. Communication - Analysis phases outcomes are communicated with decision makers

through strong communication networks.

4. Action - optimize operations and asset management and improve the quality of life
for residents.

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EXAMPLES OF SMART CITIES
Many cities across the world have started implementing smart technologies.
These cities include:
 San Diego, California
 New York City, New York
 Toronto, Canada
 Singapore
 Vienna, Austria
 Barcelona, Spain
 Tokyo, Japan
 London, England
 Melbourne, Australia
 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 Hong Kong, China
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The relationship with smart city with SDGs

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SDG’s & SMART CITIES RELATION
Smart Cities play an essential role in the development
direction of which is based, among other factors, on
the fulfilment of the criteria set by the various
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The association between Smart Cities and SDGs is derived from

the contemplation of the latter within the framework of the
2030 Agenda. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is
an international agreement signed by the 193 countries that
are part of the United Nations on 25 September 2015.

Sustainable cities- need to use their limited

resources in the most efficient way – ensuring that
they are smartly distributed and avoiding waste.
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To make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

 Half of humanity will live in cities by 2030.

 95 per cent of urban expansion in the next
 Slum Increase.
 Huge amount Natural Resources consumption
 Rapid urbanization
 Human-induced greenhouse gas emissions
 By 2050 70 per cent of the world population is predicted to live in urban settlements

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SDG’s & SMART CITIES RELATION
11.1 Safe and affordable housing;
11.2 Affordable and sustainable transport systems;
11.3 Inclusive and sustainable urbanization;
11.4 Protection of the world’s cultural and natural heritage;
11.5 A reduction in the adverse effects of natural disasters;
11.6 A reduction in the environmental impact of cities;
11.7 Provision of access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces;
11.8 Strong national and regional development planning;
11.9 Policies for inclusion, resource efficiency and disaster risk reduction; and
11.9.a Support for the least developed countries with respect to sustainable and resilient building.

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Environmental significance of smart city

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IMPORTANCE OF
SMART CITY
“AS CITIES GET SMARTER, THEY ARE BECOMING
MORE LIVABLE AND MORE RESPONSIVE—AND
TODAY WE ARE SEEING ONLY A PREVIEW OF
WHAT TECHNOLOGY COULD EVENTUALLY DO IN
THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT.”
SMART SOLUTIONS WHICH
ARE IMPORTANT FOR
IMPROVING THE QUALITY
OF LIFE IN CITIES

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WHY SMART CITY IS IMPORTANT…
SAFETY
Smart City Solutions:
• Traffic safety
• Data-driven policing
• Optimized emergency response
Results:
• 30-40% fewer crime incidents
• 30-300 lives saved each year
• First responders arrive 2-17
minutes faster
TIME
Smart City Solutions:
• Public transit apps
• Intelligent traffic management
• New, dynamic mobility options
Results:
• 30-40% fewer crime incidents
• 30-300 lives saved each year
• First responders arrive 2-17
minutes faster
HEALTH
Smart City Solutions:
• Improved chronic disease treatment
• Data-driven public-health
interventions
• Digital tools for a better patient
experience
Results:
• 8-15% lower disease burden
• Negative health effects from air
pollution reduced by 8-15%
• Cities become catalysts for health &
wellness
ENVIRONMENT
Smart City Solutions:
• Air-quality monitoring
• Energy-use optimization
• Electricity, water & waste tracking
Results:
• Greenhouse gas emissions
lowered by 10-15%
• 30-130 kg less solid waste per
person/year
• 25-80 liters of water saved per
person/day
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 …WHY SMART CITY IS IMPORTANT

 Source:
McKinsey
Global
Institute
Analysis

CONNECTEDNESS JOBS COST OF LIVING

Smart City Solutions:
• Apps for person-to-person
connections
• Apps connecting the public to local
government
• Apps that connect neighborhoods
Results:
• Digital connections build real-world
connections
• Public can report problems, weigh in
on planning decisions
• Online communities link neighbors
Smart City Solutions:
• E-career centers, digital hiring
platforms
• Digital administrative
processes for small businesses
• Data-driven education, online
retraining
Results:
• 1-3% boost to employment
• Fewer barriers for start-ups &
small business to grow
• Residents can acquire skills
Smart City Solutions:
• Digitized land-use & permitting
processes
• Dynamic electricity pricing &
usage tracking
• E-hailing & micro-transit options
Results:
• 1-3% reduction in citizen
expenditures
• Fewer barriers to building more
housing, lowering costs
• Some people give up private cars

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The impact of smart city concept

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Adverse Impact of smart city

Limited privacy Infrastructure Data bias Power inefficiency

In the City of Del Developing The data utilized for Almost 1 trillion smart
Rio, Texas, a infrastructural facility analytics is based on sensors are running
ransomware attack is not a matter of pen both historical and through batteries
shut down multiple and paper. It can cost real-time data which which is more
servers in City Hall. almost 130 billion may cause human inefficient and do not
dollars in cities like biases. In this case a last long.
Dhaka according to huge question of
World Bank (2017) accountability remains
unanswered.

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 Smart city can help environment
The concept of smart cities is still developing in many different directions, but one of the key
aspects these cities are meant to incorporate is environmental sustainability

Reduce Support Improve Spark in

24/7
carbon energy solid waste citizen
monitoring
emissions efficiency management engagement

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The challenges for developing a smart city

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 CHALLENGES OF
BUILDING SMART CITY

“Smart city development requires not only

technological enablers but also a new way of
thinking among cities, businesses, citizens and
academia which includes key development
stakeholders.”

Heikki Ruohomaa, Vesa Salminen, Iivari Kunttu

‘Smart City’ Researchers
 CHALLENGES
INSUFFICIENT FUNDS
Making cities smart - deploying
smart, complex infrastructure for
implementing digital technologies,
integration for data collection,
hardware maintenance all of these
eat up a lot of money.
LACK OF EXPERIENCED INCONSISTENT NETWORK
PROFESSIONALS CONNECTIVITY
For preparing a strategy to achieve For the smart management of a
smart city project success, municipality, several sensors,
identifying areas for implementation cameras, and actuators are
of technologies and operating these installed everywhere. These
tools, tech experts are required. sensors gather and send large
volumes of data in real time.
Analysis and processing of the
collected data should happen
almost instantaneously for efficient
management of city operations.
CYBER SECURITY RISKS
Internet-connected devices will
transmit huge chunks of data in real
time. Though this data help in
providing efficiency at municipality
functions, it presents serious
security risks that can't be ignored.
Data from parking lots, CCTV
cameras, EV charging stations, and
GPS systems contains confidential
information of citizens. Not every
connected device is cyber-resilient,
as of now.
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 Smart City
for Smart Living

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 What Exactly is a Smart City

The idea is not new but the term is new. It is important to know that “smart” in this context doesn’t
refer to any characteristics rather a tool or a framework and it is interconnects with different areas
such as management, economy, mobility, environment, energy, supply, health, security which allows
to be more efficiently providing better and new services.
In general, smart city that:
- uses technology (IoT, AI, Big Data) to provide services and solve city problems
- “Smart” describes to the city’s ability to create well-being for its citizens
- Valuing citizen participation (key elements)
- Citizens create the city (central idea)
- Collect data in real time and government can act immediately to solve nearly any problem

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Main Will Power of a Smart City

Citizen
Participation

Collecting
Real Time Data
Uses Technology
(ICT, IoT, AI, Big Data)

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Characteristics of Smart City

(http://urbantranform.eu/abou/emart-energy-city, 2016)
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 Smart City Concept is Nothing New
• “Garden Cities of To-morrow”- Ebenger Howard (1898)
• “The City of Tomorrow and its Planning”- Le Corbusier (1929)
• “The City: its Growth, its Decay, its Future”- Gottleib Eleil Saarinen (1943)

Term Regional Popularity Popularity in Countries

Future Cities Global India, UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil
Eco City Asia Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, India
Smart Cities Europe, Northern America Italy, Spain, Belgium, UK
Intelligent Cities Northern America USA, UK
Sustainable Cities Commonwealth Australia, Canada, UK, USA, India
Compact Cities Mixed Australia, UK, USA
Liveable Cities Commonwealth Singapore, Australia, Canada, UK
Digital Cities Mixed USA, UK, Ireland, Philippines
Innovative Cities Mixed USA, UK, India
Green Cities Northern America USA, Australia, Canada
(E. Moir, et al., 2014) 39
 Smart Cities, How they Work and How to Tackle Changes

Leverage technology to Smart cities are built Start with an information Design to optimize
serve people: around users: uses network: a network that resources: the process of
uses technology to information and comprises people, computers, allocating and managing
optimize operations, communication technology and/or methods organized to
(ICT) to improve operational resources in the most efficient
create efficiencies and collect, process, transmit, and way possible
maximize revenue efficiency
disseminate data

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 Three main objectives:
To improve energy efficiency
Reduce CO2 emissions
Increase the well-being of citizens

Cloud-based;
ICT, IoT, AI applications;
receive, analyse and
manage data in real-time;
which help authorities to
make better decisions that
improve quality of life.

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Smart solutions for smart cities

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 Smart living is about ……

Smart Water Smart Lighting Smart Traffic Smart Parking

Make more informed Save time for

decision to protect water maintenance crews Optimize traffic flow Better utilization of assets
supply, prevent waste water and save fuel costs

Smart Building Smart Factory Smart Environment Location Based Services

Optimize usage Enable easier Monitor air quality, pollution

of building’s electricity tracking of logistic and other weather conditions Provide real-time event information
flows and transport

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 SMART CITY

S= Sensor operated/ Sustainable environment/ Sustainable urban mobility

M= Management platform
A= All are in better position
R= Real time data
T= Transformation/ Tackle change
C=Citizen focused/ Cloud based
I= Innovation
T= Technology based IoT/AI/Big data application
Y= Yabba-dabba-doo (an expression of happiness)

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Thanks for patience hearing ….