Optimization of Native Natural Coagulants for Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters

Table – 1: Initial Screening of Coagulant

Name of the Dose of Coagulant Electrical Total Dissolved Sludge
Coagulant in mg/L Conductivity Turbidity Solids Colour Dewaterability
1 -16.67 94.40 -19.63 -48.85 13.50
2 -33.33 95.00 -35.51 -58.60 19.59
Coconut fibre
3 -50.00 90.20 -52.34 -85.85 28.60
4 -66.67 87.33 -69.16 -72.05 32.55
1 0.00 83.33 -8.41 48.97 4.14
2 0.00 85.60 -10.28 49.09 6.48
Rice Husk
3 -16.67 90.13 -12.15 32.65 8.61
4 -16.67 89.60 -14.95 -14.09 12.12
1 0.00 89.47 -5.05 43.82 7.88
2 0.00 91.73 -6.42 32.80 14.62
Saw Dust
3 0.00 92.33 -11.01 23.19 20.17
4 0.00 93.47 -10.55 -25.54 25.89
1 -19.67 94.40 -14.32 -48.85 7.73
Tamarind 2 -38.33 90.13 -32.38 -58.60 18.83
Seeds 3 -43.33 89.07 -40.29 -85.85 26.70
4 -50.00 87.87 -52.90 -72.05 28.97
1 -16.67 92.40 -18.32 98.27 7.53
2 -33.33 90.13 -30.38 92.62 16.83
Neem Bark
3 -53.33 89.07 -40.29 77.23 23.70
4 -60.00 78.87 -55.90 66.41 27.97
 Table – 2: Optimization of Coagulant dose
Dose of
Name of the Coagulant in Electrical Total Dissolved
Coagulant mg/L Conductivity Turbidity Solids Colour
0.5 0.00 96.07 -1.33 49.03
1 0.00 95.33 -0.88 35.32
Coconut 1.5 0.00 94.20 0.00 31.18
Fibre 2 0.00 94.73 -2.21 40.49
0.5 0.00 91.87 -5.09 60.57
1 -16.67 94.93 -6.94 72.75
1.5 -16.67 94.27 -8.33 46.52
Rice Husk 2 -16.67 96.73 -7.87 54.19
0.5 0.00 95.87 -2.65 91.40
1 -16.67 94.20 -4.42 88.94
1.5 -16.67 93.67 -5.31 84.68
Saw Dust 2 0.00 96.07 -7.08 72.97
0.5 0.00 87.20 1.33 -2.98
1 0.00 85.93 -1.33 -45.34
Tamarind 1.5 0.00 84.53 -2.21 -84.64
Seeds 2 -16.67 88.13 -2.65 -73.88
Table – 3: Optimization of Coagulant dose
Dose of
Name of the Coagulant Electrical Total Dissolved
Coagulant in mg/L Conductivity Turbidity Solids Colour
0.05 -16.67 96.47 -0.43 81.06
0.1 -16.67 95.67 0.43 98.19
Coconut
0.15 -16.67 95.73 0.86 77.96
0.2 -16.67 90.67 0.43 71.67
0.05 0.00 87.53 1.73 46.79
0.1 0.00 89.60 0.87 80.32
Rice Husk
0.15 0.00 87.13 0.00 51.64
0.2 0.00 84.53 4.76 65.96
0.05 0.00 87.53 0.00 82.80
0.1 0.00 89.60 0.87 68.79
Saw Dust
0.15 0.00 91.07 3.46 52.20
0.2 0.00 95.20 1.73 -64.90
0.05 0.00 79.47 -0.88 70.65
Tamarind 0.1 0.00 86.80 0.00 80.60
Seeds 0.15 0.00 78.47 -0.88 43.84
0.2 0.00 79.67 0.00 56.38
Table – 4: pH changes pre and post treatment and Sludge settleability and dewaterability produced from treatment of Steel
Plant Wastewaters
Sludge Wet Sludge Dry
Name of the Coagulant Dose Difference in
Initial pH Final pH Weight in Weight in
Coagulant in mg/L mg/500ml
mg/500ml mg/500ml
0.05 9.93 9.64 1.794 0.665 1.129
0.1 9.93 9.17 2.432 0.738 1.694
Ferric Chloride
0.15 9.93 8.91 2.991 0.785 2.206
0.2 9.93 8.88 4.234 0.706 3.528
0.05 9.93 10.06 3.43 0.974 2.456
0.1 9.93 10.06 2.783 0.711 2.072
Coconut Fiber
0.15 9.93 9.87 4.318 0.986 3.332
0.2 9.93 10.06 4.217 0.924 3.293
0.05 9.93 9.96 1.912 0.934 0.978
0.1 9.93 9.96 3.931 1.26 2.671
Rice Husk
0.15 9.93 9.95 2.199 0.895 1.304
0.2 9.93 9.95 4.242 1.36 2.882
0.05 9.93 9.67 1.491 0.68 0.811
0.1 9.93 9.78 2.113 0.779 1.334
Saw Dust
0.15 9.93 9.67 3.754 1.023 2.731
0.2 9.93 9.71 3.692 0.842 2.85
0.05 9.93 10.05 1.539 0.834 0.705
0.1 9.93 10.05 3.288 0.997 2.291
Tamarind Seed
0.15 9.93 9.93 2.8 0.91 1.89
0.2 9.93 9.92 3.785 0.818 2.967
 Table – 5: Treatment of Steel Plant Wastewater using natural coagulants
Coagulant
Name of the Dose in Electrical Total Dissolved Total Calcium
Coagulant mg/L Conductivity Turbidity Solids Colour Hardness Hardness Chloride Iron
0.05 -3.57 98.48 84.96 96.63 100.00 100.00 -9.30 -15.18
Ferric 0.1 -3.57 99.78 72.55 77.28 100.00 100.00 -34.88 48.92
Chloride 0.15 -3.57 99.89 81.95 23.20 100.00 100.00 -58.14 31.57
0.2 -7.14 99.89 62.40 70.43 100.00 100.00 -81.40 86.51
0.05 0.00 86.40 76.69 90.87 96.55 100.00 0.00 14.94
Coconut 0.1 0.00 83.03 75.19 89.78 100.00 100.00 11.63 65.54
Fibre 0.15 0.00 87.81 70.68 82.81 100.00 100.00 0.00 -40.24
0.2 0.00 87.49 77.44 90.14 100.00 100.00 0.00 16.63
0.05 -3.57 88.79 68.42 68.51 96.55 100.00 0.00 44.34
0.1 -3.57 90.86 68.42 83.89 82.76 100.00 0.00 96.39
Rice Husk
0.15 -3.57 89.55 68.42 86.42 96.55 100.00 0.00 31.57
0.2 -3.57 91.08 69.92 43.75 100.00 100.00 0.00 -14.46
0.05 0.00 95.97 81.95 58.53 100.00 100.00 0.00 26.27
0.1 0.00 95.32 83.46 37.50 100.00 100.00 0.00 64.58
Saw Dust
0.15 0.00 97.39 82.71 7.57 100.00 100.00 0.00 -29.64
0.2 0.00 96.95 80.45 -18.27 100.00 100.00 0.00 19.04
0.05 0.00 86.18 66.17 -99.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 26.27
Tamarind 0.1 0.00 88.36 67.67 -98.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 100.48
Seed 0.15 0.00 89.99 63.91 -98.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 31.33
0.2 0.00 90.75 72.93 -97.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 -7.95
Table – 6: pH changes pre and post treatment and Sludge settleability and dewaterability produced from treatment of
Pharmaceutical Wastewaters
Sludge Wet Sludge Dry
Name of the Coagulant Difference in
Initial pH Final pH Weight in Weight in
Coagulant Dose in mg/L mg/500ml
mg/500ml mg/500ml
0.05 12.64 12.62 1.62 0.961 0.659
0.1 12.64 12.66 1.3 0.841 0.459
Ferric Chloride
0.15 12.64 12.72 1.717 0.991 0.726
0.2 12.64 12.73 1.621 0.929 0.692
0.05 12.64 12.51 2.305 0.939 1.366
0.1 12.64 12.66 2.033 0.868 1.165
Coconut Fibre
0.15 12.64 12.67 4.505 1.086 3.419
0.2 12.64 12.8 4.84 1.059 3.781
0.05 12.64 12.81 2.305 0.939 1.366
0.1 12.64 12.79 2.033 0.868 1.165
Rice Husk
0.15 12.64 12.8 4.505 1.086 3.419
0.2 12.64 12.8 4.84 1.059 3.781
0.05 12.64 12.82 0.931 0.786 0.145
0.1 12.64 12.82 1.122 0.861 0.261
Saw Dust
0.15 12.64 12.82 2.073 1.041 1.032
0.2 12.64 12.83 1.699 1.03 0.669
0.05 12.64 12.76 2.716 0.826 1.89
0.1 12.64 12.78 3.185 0.915 2.27
Tamarind Seed
0.15 12.64 12.79 3.788 0.997 2.791
0.2 12.64 12.8 4.859 0.997 3.862
 Table – 7: Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater using natural coagulants
Name of Coagulant Total
Electrical Total Calcium
the Dose in Turbidity Dissolved Chloride Colour Nitrate Phosphate Sulphate
Conductivity Hardness Hardness
Coagulant mg/L Solids
0.05 16.18 97.71 21.62 -100.00 0.00 60.53 34.71 3.76 -4.95 4.06
Ferric 0.10 17.65 96.79 19.93 -100.00 0.00 57.89 35.88 29.90 9.85 -3.69
Chloride 0.15 17.65 98.17 21.28 0.00 100.00 52.63 32.86 8.00 10.97 -13.22
0.20 17.65 97.71 22.47 -100.00 0.00 44.74 30.86 -7.78 21.12 12.59
0.05 17.65 95.87 26.01 -100.00 0.00 23.68 30.94 -3.01 23.79 16.68
Coconut 0.10 17.65 96.79 29.73 -100.00 0.00 31.58 29.48 30.17 19.51 -0.59
Fibre 0.15 1.47 96.79 17.91 -100.00 0.00 26.32 3.40 -9.88 18.20 -32.77
0.20 11.76 96.33 5.91 -100.00 0.00 28.95 12.68 1.50 37.18 9.10
0.05 19.12 97.71 17.57 -100.00 0.00 42.11 33.93 -6.12 -6.80 13.95
0.10 25.00 96.79 20.61 -100.00 0.00 26.32 32.44 25.60 6.50 10.02
Rice Husk
0.15 17.65 96.79 20.44 -100.00 0.00 34.21 25.89 -50.83 36.50 33.10
0.20 19.12 97.25 16.89 -100.00 0.00 39.47 28.37 -8.53 23.06 25.72
0.05 16.18 96.79 23.99 -100.00 -100.00 55.79 31.62 -9.18 -9.71 19.35
0.10 17.65 96.79 21.28 -100.00 -100.00 64.21 27.34 18.46 -22.14 -4.22
Saw Dust
0.15 17.65 97.25 22.80 0.00 0.00 56.32 29.01 -17.98 4.17 34.36
0.20 16.18 97.25 3.55 0.00 -100.00 54.74 26.58 -35.16 21.07 28.19
0.05 19.12 94.50 23.82 -100.00 -100.00 55.26 22.26 4.56 8.35 7.68
Tamarind 0.10 19.12 94.95 20.27 -100.00 0.00 47.37 14.35 20.93 -7.38 -4.81
Seed 0.15 19.12 95.41 11.99 -100.00 -100.00 44.74 13.03 7.57 13.30 16.45
0.20 19.12 96.33 25.34 -100.00 -100.00 26.32 6.86 -22.22 -1.46 21.10