Physical, Cognitive and Socio-emotional Development

of

NTS AND TODD

FA LER
IN S
 SESSION OBJECTIVES
Trace the physical development that you have gone through as infants and
toddlers
Trace own cognitive development as infants and toddlers
Describe the socio-emotional development processes from infant and toddler
Draw implications of the abovementioned topics in relation to parenting, child care
and pedagogy.
 SESSION OUTLINE
Physical Development of Infants and
Toddlers

Cognitive Development of Infants and

Toddlers

Socio-Emotional Development of Infants

and Toddlers
ANALYZE THE PROCEEDING IMAGE OF
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Observe the size of the head and other body

parts.

QUESTION: Does physical development begin

from bottom to top? Top to bottom? Center
to side? Or Side to center?
 CEPHALOCAUDAL VERSUS
PROXIMODISTAL PATTERNS

CEPHALOCAUDAL PROXIMODISTAL

head grows more than the body fetus grows from the inside of the

body outwards
upper limbs before their lower

limbs development of motor skills from

the center of the body outward
 HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
newborn babies drop 5 to 10 percent of their body weight
within a couple of weeks of birth

breastfed babies are typically heavier than bottle-fed

babies through the first six months

infant's length increases by about 30 percent in the first

five months

baby's weight usually triples during the first year but slows
down in the second year
 BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
the brain is
about 75% of its
adult weight on brains of the 'enriched'
the second animals weighed more,
newborn's Brain is birthday had thicker layers, had
about 25 percent of more neuronal
connections and had
its adult weight the brain makes higher levels of
connections neurochemical activity
through the (Santrock, 2002)
acquisition of
experiences
 MOTOR REFLEXES
DEVELOPMENT
GROSS MOTOR
SKILLS

FINE MOTOR
SKILLS
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT:
REFLEXES

Sucking Reflex
Rooting Reflex
Gripping Reflex
Curling Reflex
Startle/Moro Reflex
Galant Reflex
Tonic Neck Reflex
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT:
FINE MOTOR SKILLS

fine motor skills involve activities that involve

precise eye-hand coordination

reaching and grasping becomes more refined

during the first two years of life

infants show only crude shoulder and elbow

movements, and then they show wrist movements,
hand rotation and coordination of the thumb and
forefinger
SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT
Can newborns see?

Can newborns hear?

Can newborns feel pain? Do they respond to

touch?

Can newborns distinguish the different tastes?

Do infantsrelate information through several

senses? In short, are infants capable of
intermodal perception?
 The infant's and the toddler's
development fall under the
sensorimotor developmental stage of
Piaget' cognitive development
theory.
 SESSION OUTLINE
Physical Development of Infants and
Toddlers

Cognitive Development of Infants and

Toddlers

Socio-Emotional Development of Infants

and Toddlers
 The infant's and the toddler's
development fall under the
sensorimotor developmental stage of
Piaget' cognitive development
theory.
We do not have the ability to recall events
that happened when we were very young.
This is called infantile amnesia. Many
psychologists believe that people
remember experiences beginning age 3.
Some, however, remember significant
events at age 2.
 01
Cooing
WITHIN THE FIRST YEARS
OF LIFE, DEVELOPMENT 02
THE PRODUCTION OF
Babbling
LANGUAGE INCLUDE THE

FOLLOWING STAGES… 03

One-word utterances

04
Two-word utterances and
telegraphic speech
Noted linguist Noam Chomsky
claimed that humans have an
innate language acquisition
device (LAD).
 SESSION OUTLINE
Physical Development of Infants and
Toddlers

Cognitive Development of Infants and

Toddlers

Socio-Emotional Development of Infants

and Toddlers
Socio-emotional development has something
to do with the development of a person's
ability to master one’s emotions and the
ability to relate to others. It necessarily
includes temperament, attachments and
social skills.
 SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
ATTACHMENT

For healthy socio-emotional

development, the infant needs to
establish an enduring emotional bond
by seeking and maintaining closeness
to a specific figure, particularly
during stressful situation. This is the
social phenomenon of attachment.
According to Dr. John Bowly, the
father of attachment theory, the
beginnings of attachment occur
within the first 6 months of a baby's
life with a variety of built-in signals
that baby uses to keep her caregiver
engaged.
 SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:

Temperament is a word that "captures" the ways that

people differ, even at birth, in such things as their
emotional reactions, activity level, attention span,
persistence, and ability to regulate their emotions" (K.
Pasek and R. Golinkkofi 2003.) Every baby expresses
personality traits we call temperament. how a child
responds emotionally to objects, events , and people is a
reflection of his individual temperament.

 01 Emergence of Moral Self

READ MORE ON: 02 Development of Emotions

03 Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

(Infancy to Toddlerhood)

Standards on the Socio-emotional

04 Development of Babies and Toddlers
(from the Philippine l Early Learning
and Developmengt Standards
(PELDS) formulated by the Child and
Welfare Council now merged with
the Early Childhood Care and
Development Council)
 K YOU SO MU
AN CH
TH !

Do you have any questions?