Heat Technology

What is the meaning of heat in physics?

Heat energy is the movement of atoms or molecules in various states of matter from one object
to another object that are in different temperatures.

What is the science of heat?

 energy is transferred from the object with the higher temperature to the object that has the
low er temperature.

 The form of energy being transferred is thermal energy.

What is an example of heat?

Around us, we see that most popular example of heat is the Sun, which radiates heat to warm up
the earth.

A burning candle is a source of heat energy.

Thermal energy is particles in a substance that are kinetically charged.

Temperature

It is not how hot or cold something is.

 Hot and cold are relative.

 Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
 All matter is made of particles that are constantly moving.
 The more the particles move, the more kinetic energy, therefore, higher temperature.

How do we measure temperature?

 Thermometer: Thermometer measures temperature due to thermal expansion.

 Thermal expansion is an increase in the size of a substance due to its increase in the
temperature.
 As a substance’s temperature increases, its particles move faster and spread out. There is
more space between them making it expand.
Ways to transfer thermal energy

 Conduction
 Convection
 Radiation

Conduction

 Thermal conduction is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another
through direct contact.
 Substances that have a tendency to conduct thermal energy well are called good
conductors. Example: iron, copper.
 Substances that do not conduct thermal energy well are called bad conductors or
insulators

Example: wood, plastic, rubber

Convection

Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas.

Radiation

Radiation is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves.

States of Matter

 States of matter are the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid and gas.
o A change of state is a change of a substance from one physical state to another.

Changes

Heat can be involved in both physical changes (change of state) and chemical changes.

Food and Chemical Energy

 Energy that our body can use is released when chemical compounds such as
carbohydrates are broken down.

 Energy is released in chemical reactions.

By looking at the calories on the nutrition label we get to know how much chemical energy is
present in a particular food.

 The calorie is the unit of energy in food = a measure of heat.

1 calorie = 4184 J

Calorimeter

A calorimeter is a device that measures heat.

Check Point

A. Fill in the blanks

1. …………………… is the energy transferred between objects that are in different

temperatures.
2. Energy moves from the object with the ……………… temperature to the object that has
the ………….temperature.
3. …………….. energy is particles in a substance that are kinetically charged
4. Thermometers can measure temperature due to …………………………………..
5. Radiation is the transfer of energy as ……………………… waves.

B. State True or False

1. Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat energy by the process of collision of atomic
particles from one substance to another through direct contact.
2. Temperature is a measure of the average potential energy of the particles in an object.
3. Thermal expansion is an increase in the size of a substance in response to a decrease in
the temperature of the substance.
4. Energy that our body can use is released when chemical compounds such as
carbohydrates are broken down.
5. Convection is the transfer of heat by the mostly in liquids and gases by circling motion.