MODULE 11 -

Advanced Aircraft Systems & Components II

11.10 Fuel Systems

Issue No.: 01 September 2022 2021

Date: 31 October FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
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CHAPTER CONTENTS

 Fuel storage
 Distribution
 Fuel transfer
 Refueling
 Defueling
 Indication systems
 Fuel jettison system in some aircraft

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Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 2
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OBJECTIVES AND EXAMINATION LEVELS

Objective Description level CAR/Part 66Reference

A. Systems 3 11.8a
8 Fire Protection
B. Portable 1 11.8b
9 Flight Controls 3 11.9
10 Fuel Systems 3 11.10
11 Hydraulic System 3 11.11
12 Ice and Rain Protection 3 11.12

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Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 3
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LEARNING OBJECTIVE

 Describe the components and the lay-out of an aircraft fuel system.

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COURSE STRUCTURE

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Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 5
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COURSE STRUCTURE

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 6
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
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COURSE STRUCTURE

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Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 7
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AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEMS

To store and deliver fuel to the Engine and APU, Fuel is typically sub divided into:

 Fuel storage
 Distribution
 Fuel Transfer
 Refueling
 Defueling
 Indication system
 Fuel jettison system (as applicable)

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Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 8
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AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS

 Supply fuel at specified flow rate and pressure to engine under all the authorized operating conditions
 Continuous operations with 0.20 cm cube of free water at the most extreme icing conditions Distribution
 Should be able to shut off the supply of one engine without affecting the other engine
 Uninterrupted supply from any tank to any Engine
 Fuel system outlet must be protected against the ignition
 No Vapor lock while the fuel temp is at a specified maximum value i.e. 43.3 °C

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Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 9
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AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS

 Withstand inertia, vibration, fluid and structural load during all authorized flight Maneuvers
 Capability to resist rupture during survivable emergency landing
 Isolation from Pax compartment by a flame and fuel proof enclosure
 Provision to prevent an excessive pressure build up between outside and inside of tanks
 Each tank must have a sump with a capacity not less than 0.1% of tank capacity or quarter litre for free water
drain from any part of the tank at ground attitude
 Expansion space of not less than 2 % of the tank capacity

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USABLE FUEL

 Can not be used for engine operation

 Tank fuel gauge will read zero and tank pumps can not draw on it
 Can not be removed thru normal defueling operations
 Draining is thru sump drain points

FUEL VENT TANK

 Each tank must be vented from the top

 Vent must be designed to prevent fuel siphoning from the tank during flight ,refuelling and defueling operations
 The expansion airspaces must be interconnected.

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FUEL DUMPING OR JETTISONING SYSTEM

 Not all aircraft require this system

 If aircraft AUW, 15 minutes after takeoff exceeds the permissible landing
 weight OR one engine climb
 requirement, a jettisoning system is
 required to dump the fuel in an
 emergency
 Fuel normally pumped or drained
 thru a stand pipe in each tank

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Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 12
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FUEL SYSTEM LAYOUT

Flexible , Rigid and Integral tanks

 Twin engine ,medium range turbine ac with three integral fuel storage tanks and two integral vent/surge tanks
 The volume of the each tank is greater than its fuel capacity
 Vent Surge tank: Normally empty. To Collect any fuel overflowing into the vent system
 Components inside and outside the
 tanks are fitted to provide: Fuel supply,
 Fuel transfer, refueling, defueling, and
 contents indication

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FUEL TANK LEAKS

Common problem that occurs with integral fuel tank

 Follow MM guidelines, However typical set of guidelines are as follows:

 Stain: Leak that wets a small area, typically not more than 1 inch in dia in 1 Hr. and does not produce drip
 Seep: Spreads the area of the stain but does not produce drips.
 Slow Seep : wet area not more than 1-2 inches dia in 1 Hr
 Heavy Seep: wet area around 2-3 inches dia in 1 Hr
 Run or Running leak: Observed to be dripping from the tank

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Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 14
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FUEL TANK LEAKS

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FUEL STORAGE

 If aircraft is to be out of use over a long period

 The recommended quantity of fuel is 10 % of the fuel capacity to prevent drying out and deterioration of the
sealant
 Also fuel must be treated with biocide(Biobor JF) to prevent the growth of fungus

 Short-Term Storage: Removed from operational status for less than 60 days.
 Intermediate-Term Storage: Removed from operational status for more than 60 days, but less than 120 days.
 Long-Term Storage: Removed from operational status for 120 days or more.

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FUEL SUPPLY : DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 Each engine can be supplied with fuel from any single tank or group of tanks thru its
dedicated Shut off valve and Cross feed valve

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FUEL SYSTEM (ATA 28)

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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: CROSS FEED VALVE

 Cross feed v/v is normally closed in flight

 Both engines initially use the fuel from the centre wing tank, followed
by respective wing tank

 Cross feed v/v would normally be opened during the flight :

 To supply fuel to engine when

It become necessary

 To transfer fuel between the

tanks to balance an asymmetric
fuel load

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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: FUEL BOOSTER PUMP

• Two LP electrically driven (115 V AC three phase AC motor) booster pump for each
storage tank:
 To deliver fuel to engine at preset flow and pressure
 To transfer fuel between the tanks and defuelling
 Continuous operation
 Each pump is capable to supply fuel to one
engine in the event of single pump failure
 If both the pump fails fuel is drawn from the
affected tank by suction, thru bypass valve

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Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 20
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FUEL SUPPLY: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

If both the pump fails, fuel is drawn from the affected tank by the EDP suction, thru bypass
valve
 Centre tank fuel is transferred thru transfer jet pump to port wing tank
 APU fuel supply is from port main tank

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FUEL SUPPLY: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 If one booster pump is developing less pressure LOW PRESSURE

will illuminate, if both the pumps in one tank are developing
low pressure ,both the LOW PRESSURE lights will illuminate with
MATER CAUTION and FUEL annunciator

 If pumps are switched off LOW PRESSURE lights , MATER

CAUTION and FUEL annunciator will extinguish

 Cross feed and Shut off v/v are 28 V DC reversible motor driven.
Shut off v/v is also in the circuit with the fire handle.

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VALVES

 A non-return or check valve is located at the booster side of the booster pump. It is
also known as one-way valve.
 The valve is set to open when the related pump is delivering specified pressure.
 This action prevents the fuel to flow backwards i.e. fuel from main manifold back
feeding into the tanks.

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VALVES (CROSS FEED)

 The are operated electrically.

 A valve can be a two position ball valve or a gate valve.
 Each valve incorporates a 28 V DC reversible motor.
 Limit switches cut the power at the fully open and closed situations.
 The sliding parts of the gate or ball valve are lubricated.

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JET PUMPS

 The are also known as ejector pumps, are used in some fuel systems
to crate a fuel flow across a lower part of the fuel storage tanks so
as to remove water droplets before they can accumulate into
hazardous quantities.
 It is also used to transfer the unusable fuel from one tank to another
tank.

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PIPELINES & COUPLINGS

 Aircraft fuel system is low pressure system.

 Aluminum alloy pipelines are typically used when there is no
relative movement between two components.
 When there is a relative movement between two parts flexible
coupling and pipelines are generally used.
 This is particularly used in the wings, where the pipes may
experience axial loadings.

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PIPELINES & COUPLINGS

 Rigid pipes are fitted with standard flared or beaded end

connections or with Vee clamps or sliding couplings.
 Flexible pipes have Vee clamp connections.
 In cases, where pipes are routed through pressurized
compartments, they are shrouded and drain is provided.

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VEE-CLAMP COUPLINGS

 The special end fittings are held by a

Vee-sectioned circular clamp.
 The clamp typically consists of two
semi circular parts that are hinged
together and secured with a captive T
bolt and stiff nut.
 An O-ring rubber sets into the groove.
 The securing bolt is used only once.

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SLIDING COUPLINGS

 The sliding couplings are used which

carry air or vapor.
 They are used is tank venting system.
 They provide useful means of
connection when the connections have
relative axial movement.
 One end connection consists of an
inner sleeve carrying an O-ring rubber
seal in a groove.

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FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS

 They can accept a degree of movement.

 They are used when there is relative
movement between parts or where the
couplings may be exposed to axial loads.

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PIPE MARKING

 They have red color as identification.

 Start sign is present on the marking.
 The marker is normally printed on one inch
adhesive tape.
 It is applied as a decal to each fuel system
pipes that are outside of the tanks and at two
foot intervals along their length.

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VENT SYSTEM

 It is a combination of vent ducts, Float valve and climb vent.

 Climb vents will be used during climb.
 Float vents will be used during dive.
 During cruise, air can enter the tanks through the open float valves. The balance
the air pressure and maintains a positive pressure.

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VENT SYSTEM

 There are two parallel vent channels that extend from vent/surge tanks
into the center and main tanks.
 They are typically formed by the hat section stringers on the underside of
the tope wing skin.
 The center tank is vented by ducting that connects to the forward channel.

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DRAIN SYSTEM

 One drain valve for each tank

 Located at the lowest point in the tank
 Used for draining the accumulated water and draining the unusable
fuel content that remains after defueling.
 Electrical bonding is required.

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DRAIN SYSTEM

 A drain valve consists of a spring loaded poppet valve and a filter screen to
protect the valve from blockage.
 It is opened by inserting a blade of a tool.
 When it is closed, it again lays flush.
 Water/sediment bottles are supplied to fit into the drain valve.

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REFUELING, DEFUELING AND TRANSFER SYSTEM

Two ways of refuelling

 Gravity: From over wing filler cap
 Pressure: Thru a single point connection, fast & most common @ thousand gallons/min
• Airbus 320 Tank Capacity
Appx 26000 Litres or 6800 US Gallon
• Normal flow rate @ 400 Gallon /min
• Refuel/defuel point is located
Stbd side

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REFUELING, DEFUELING AND TRANSFER SYSTEM

Refuel/Defuel point consists of fuel receptacle, fueling manifold with three solenoid
controlled fuel pressure operated fuel valves with manual override and control
panel

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REFUELING, DEFUELING AND TRANSFER SYSTEM

 The delivery pressure from the refuelling vehicle is appx. 50

PSI
 Some aircraft have the facility to select the desired fuel load
 Select the switch to AUTO and orange needle on each gauge
to be set at the desired level
 For safety reasons the refuel/defuel control panel Access
door is normally designed so that it may only be closed
when master power s/w is Selected OFF and refuel defuel
valve switches are selected to SHUT

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DEFUEL SYSTEM

 Select s/w to defuel position

 Transfer and Defuel v/v is opens
 Tank booster pumps are to be selected “ON”
 Defuelling vehicle is typically set to provide a
suction of up to -11 PSI

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FUEL TRANSFER SYSTEM

 To transfer the fuel between the tanks

 Transfer and defuel v/v open
 Cross feed v/v as required
 Appropriate fuel v/v to be selected to pass the fuel from the from the fuel supply
system manifold to ant chosen tank

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FUEL TRANSFER SYSTEM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BE9I2EQJUSQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0_Hn3WeOCI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rya4YFDpsPs

https://apps.apple.com/us/app/boeing-737-fuel-system/id786964884

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TURBINE FUEL

• Two types of fuel used in aviation

 Aviation Gasoline: For piston engine
 Aviation Kerosene: For turbo engine
 Aviation Kerosene
 Jet A: In USA, no gasoline
Freezing Point -44 Deg Cent
Flash Point 46 deg cent
 Jet A1: Most commonly used, no gasoline
Freezing Point -50 deg Cent
Flash point 42 deg cent
 Jet B: Wide cut fuel ,30 % kerosene 70% gasoline
Freezing point -60 deg cent,
Flash point 18 Deg cent
No pax is permitted to be on board when ac is refueled or defueled with Jet B fuel

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FUEL ADDITIVES

 Fuel system Icing Inhibitor (FSII) – EGME (PRIST): It is soluble in suspended water but limited
soluble in fuel. Turbulence helps it to mix. It is Toxic.
 Lubricity additive - HITEC E515: It is used for the fuel systems that require lubrication.
 Corrosion Inhibitor – HITEC E515: The hygroscopic nature of the fuels make them accumulate
free water.
 Anti static additive: The fuel rates and diameter of the pipes is designed to limit the static
charge build up. However, anti-static additive 0.75 parts per million is added.
 Anti-microbiological growth additive – Biobor JF or PRIST (EGME): Biocide is not used.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 43
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
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MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

MICROBIAL GROWTH

 Aviation fuel contains spores that cannot be filtered out.

 Free water in fuel provide ideal conditions for microbial growth, along with
temperature 25-35 deg. C.
 The fungus can cause pitting and shielding corrosion in areas where there are
weaknesses in the tank coating under the growth.
 If fungus is present, samples taken from drain points will reveal it as a brown
slime deposit.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 44
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
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MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

FUEL REFUELING SYSTEM

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 45
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

FUEL REFUELING SYSTEM

 No Passengers on board (Jet B).

 Passengers may be on board (Jet A and Jet A1), with qualified staff.
 Lightning strike prevention.
 Ground work and activities must be performed that do not create fire hazard.
 No radio or radar equipment's to be used.
 Fire extinguishers must be available
 Aircrafts chokes should be pulled a short distance.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 46
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

FUEL REFUELING SYSTEM

 Electrical bonding
 The refueling hose wire must be connected to the approved
point.
 The operator must remain alert to shut off the fuel supply.
 After refueling, a fuel sample must be taken.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 47
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

FUEL FLOW TEST

 Fuel flow tests are required after fuel system component have
been repaired, replaced or modified.
 They are also required as part of periodic maintenance
checks.
 A fuel is designed to verify that the system can provide a fuel
flow to each engine in excess of that required for operation at
maximum power.
 The procedure is contained in AMM.
 The fuel tank should contain the unusable fuel content plus
sufficient fuel for the test.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 48
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

FUEL FLOW TEST

 Full Flow test: A full flow test is normally required after initial
installation or major work on the system. The test requires the test rig
 Limited Flow test: When a single component has been replaced, it is
usually accepted to carry a limited flow test.
 Gravity Feed test: A gravity feed system is only specified for light, piston
engine aircraft.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 49
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

LONGITUDINAL BALANCE FUEL SYSTEM

 The CG may move when fuel is consumed during flight.

 Also, as the speed of the aircraft increases from transonic region to
supersonic speeds. The CoP moves rearwards.
 This creates a nose down movement, if the tail plane is used it will
create trim drag.
 So, fuel is transferred from tanks located in the wing to the tank at the
rear.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 50
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

LONGITUDINAL BALANCE FUEL SYSTEM

 The CG may move when fuel is consumed during flight.

 Also, as the speed of the aircraft increases from transonic region to
supersonic speeds. The CoP moves rearwards.
 This creates a nose down movement, if the tail plane is used it will
create trim drag.
 So, fuel is transferred from tanks located in the wing to the tank at the
rear.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 51
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

LONGITUDINAL BALANCE FUEL SYSTEM

 The CG may move when fuel is consumed during flight.

 Also, as the speed of the aircraft increases from transonic region to
supersonic speeds. The CoP moves rearwards.

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 52
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

INDICATION & WARNING

Indication & Warning

Canada flt 143: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjH2Zc2Z8S0

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 53
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

INDICATION & WARNING

Indication
• Indication of Fuel Quantity, Fuel Temperature, Fuel Flow and Fuel Pressure
• Position indicators for
Cross feed valve ,
Engine shut off valve,
Transfer valve
Jettison valve
Refuel and Defuel valve (at External refuelling point)
Warning
Booster pump low pressure
Fuel tank low level
Ice or filter bypass
Fuel consumption is based on the weight or mass of the fuel not its volume

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 54
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

INDICATION & WARNING

• Three methods are employed to measure the fuel

quantity
 Mechanical
 Resistance
 Capacitance
• Turbine aircraft normally use fuel capacitance
Indicating systems that measure the weight or
mass of fuel in the tank
• Mechanical System:
 Dip Stick
 Drip stick
 Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI)
 Float Operated Mechanical Gauge

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 55
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
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MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

INDICATION & WARNING

• Modern aircraft fuel contents

gauging systems are based on the
Measurement of capacitance
• The capacitance value of the
capacitor depends on the three factors:
 Area of its plate
 Distance between its plate
 Dielectric constant or the permittivity of the
dielectric material between the plates
 Fuel has a dielectric constant (K) of appx. 2
While air has a constant (K) of 1
 K is also referred as capacitance index in
some publications

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 56
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

INDICATION & WARNING

• When the probe is fully immersed in fuel, its capacitance value will be high
• Capacitance value reduces in relation to the increasing proportion of air
between the tubes
• If a probe is dented in such
a way as to reduce the distance
between the tubes ,its overall
Output value will increase
• Consistency of content
reading at different attitude:
number of units ,connected in
parallel to a bridge circuit

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 57
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

INDICATION & WARNING

• When the probe is fully immersed in fuel, its capacitance value will be high
• Capacitance value reduces in relation to the increasing proportion of air between the tubes
• If a probe is dented in such
a way as to reduce the distance
between the tubes ,its overall
Output value will increase
• Consistency of content
reading at different attitude:
number of units ,connected in
parallel to a bridge circuit

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 58
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
TRUCTURES & SYSTEMS

MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

CAPACITANCE SYSTEM

 Density of fuel varies with temperature

 Dielectric constant varies with density

 Increase in temp of fuel, will reduce its density and

dielectric constant

 Capacitance system is designed to indicate the mass

of fuel of fuel in a tank rather than its volume, they
are not affected by these changes

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 59
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft
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MODULE 11MODULE
– Advanced6 – Aircraft
Aircraft Material
Systemsand
andHardware
Components II
11.10.Materials
6.1 Aircraft Fuel systems
- Ferrous Metals

GAUGES

Issue
Original Author: JTSNo.: 01 September 2022
Date: 31 December 2021 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Slide No. 60
Revision No.: 00 Status: Draft