Limits and its properties

1. Find the limit lim (2𝑥 log 𝑥 3 )

𝑥 → 10
lim (2𝑥 log 𝑥 3 )
𝑥 → 10
= lim 2𝑥 ∙ lim log 𝑥 3
𝑥 → 10 𝑥 → 10

= 2 lim 𝑥 ∙ log lim 𝑥 3

𝑥 → 10 𝑥 → 10

= 2 10 ∙ log 1000
= 20 ∙ 3
= 𝟔𝟎
 4𝑥 2
2. Find the limit lim
𝑥 →9 1+ 𝑥

4𝑥 2
lim
𝑥 →9 1 + 𝑥
lim 4𝑥 2 4 lim 𝑥 2
𝑥 →9 𝑥 →9
= =
lim 1+ 𝑥 lim 1+ lim 𝑥
𝑥 →9 𝑥 →9 𝑥 →9

4 ∙ 92
=
1+ 9
= 𝟖𝟏
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3. Suppose that lim 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 3.
𝑥 →𝟏 𝑥 →𝟏
𝒈 𝒙 −𝟑 𝒇(𝒙)
Calculate the limit lim
𝑥 →𝟏 𝒇𝟐 𝒙 +𝒈(𝒙)

𝒈 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒇(𝒙)
lim
𝑥 →𝟏 𝒇𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒙)

lim 𝒈 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒇 𝒙 lim 𝒈 𝒙 − lim 𝟑 𝒇 𝒙

𝑥 →𝟏 𝑥 →𝟏 𝑥 →𝟏
= =
lim 𝒇𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒙) lim 𝒇𝟐 𝒙 + lim 𝒈(𝒙)
𝑥 →𝟏 𝑥 →𝟏 𝑥 →𝟏

lim 𝒈 𝒙 − 3 lim 𝒇(𝒙) 𝟑−𝟑∙𝟐 𝟑

𝑥 →𝟏 𝑥 →𝟏
𝟐
= 𝟐
=−
𝟐 +𝟑 𝟕
lim 𝒇 𝒙 + lim 𝒈(𝒙)
𝑥 →𝟏 𝑥 →𝟏 4
 3𝑥+cos 𝑥
4. Calculate the limit lim
𝑥 →∞ 2𝑥 − 7

We know that −1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1 for all 𝑥. Then

3𝑥 − 1 ≤ 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ≤ 3𝑥 + 1.
Dividing by 2𝑥 − 7 > 0, we obtain
3𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥 3𝑥 + 1
≤ ≤
2𝑥 − 7 2𝑥 − 7 2𝑥 − 7
Since we consider large and positive 𝑥, and, hence, 2𝑥 − 7 > 0,
we do not switch the inequality signs.

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Then,
3𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥 3𝑥 + 1
lim ≤ lim ≤ lim
𝑥 →∞ 2𝑥 − 7 𝑥 →∞ 2𝑥 − 7 𝑥 →∞ 2𝑥 − 7

Calculate the left and right limits:

1 1
3𝑥 − 1 3− 3 3𝑥 + 1 3+ 3
lim = lim 𝑥 = , lim = lim 𝑥 =
𝑥 →∞ 2𝑥 − 7 𝑥 →∞ 7 2 𝑥 →∞ 2𝑥 − 7 𝑥 →∞ 7 2
2−𝑥 2−𝑥
Therefore,
3𝑥 + cos 𝑥 𝟑
lim =
𝑥 →∞ 2𝑥 − 7 𝟐

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 2 sin 𝑥 −5𝑥
5. Find the limit lim
𝑥 →∞ 3𝑥+1

We know that −1 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ 1 for all 𝑥. Then

−2 ≤ 2 sin 𝑥 ≤ 2
Subtract 5𝑥 from all terms of the inequality.
−2 − 5𝑥 ≤ 2 sin 𝑥 − 5𝑥 ≤ 2 − 5𝑥
Dividing by 3𝑥 + 1, we get
−2 − 5𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 − 5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥
≤ ≤
3𝑥 + 1 3𝑥 + 1 3𝑥 + 1

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(We do not switch the inequality signs, since 3𝑥 + 1 is positive as
𝑥 → ∞).
Calculate the left and right limits:
2 2
−2 − 5𝑥 − − 5 5 2 − 5𝑥 −5 5
lim = lim 𝑥 = − , lim = lim 𝑥 =−
𝑥 →∞ 3𝑥 + 1 𝑥 →∞ 1 3 𝑥 →∞ 3𝑥 + 1 𝑥 →∞ 1 3
3+ 3+
𝑥 𝑥
We see that the left and right limits are equal to each other.
Therefore,
2 sin 𝑥 − 5𝑥 𝟓
lim =−
𝑥 →∞ 3𝑥 + 1 𝟑

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 1 𝑛+5
6. Calculate the limit lim 1 +
𝑥 →∞ 𝑛
𝑛+5 𝑛 5
1 1 1
lim 1 + = lim 1+ 1+
𝑥 →∞ 𝑛 𝑥 →∞ 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 5
1 1
= lim 1+ ∙ lim 1 +
𝑥 →∞ 𝑛 𝑥 →∞ 𝑛
= ℯ ∙1
= 𝓮

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 𝑥 3 +4𝑥 2 −16𝑥−64
7. Calculate the limit lim
𝑥→4 𝑥 2 −16
𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 64 (4)3 +4(4)2 − 16 4 − 64 0
lim = = (𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑥→4 𝑥 2 − 16 (4)2 −16 0

𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 64 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4)

lim 2
= lim
𝑥→4 𝑥 − 16 𝑥→4 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4)

(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4)
lim = lim (𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→4 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) 𝑥→4

lim (𝑥 + 4) = 4 + 4 = 𝟖
𝑥→4
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 6𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 10
8. Calculate the limit lim
𝑥→∞ 7𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 22
3 2
6𝑥 2𝑥 3𝑥 10
2 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥2
3 2
6𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 10 𝑥
lim = lim
𝑥→∞ 2
7𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 22 𝑥→∞ 7𝑥 2 4𝑥 22
+ 2− 2
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥
6𝑥 3 2𝑥 2 3𝑥 10
𝑥 2 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥2 6𝑥 + 2 − 0 + 0
= lim 2 = lim
𝑥→∞ 7𝑥 4𝑥 22 𝑥→∞ 7+0−0
+ −
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
6𝑥 + 2 6 (∞) + 2
= lim = =∞
𝑥→∞ 7 7
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 12𝑥 3 +4𝑥 2 −21
9. Calculate the limit lim
𝑥 → ∞ 25𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 +17
3 2
12𝑥 4𝑥 21
4 + 𝑥4 − 𝑥4
3 2
12𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 21 𝑥
lim = lim
𝑥 → ∞ 25𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 + 17 𝑥 → ∞ 25𝑥 4 8𝑥 17
− 4+ 4
𝑥4 𝑥 𝑥
12𝑥 3 4𝑥 2 21
𝑥 4 + 𝑥4 − 𝑥4 0+0−0
= lim 4 = lim
𝑥 → ∞ 25𝑥 8𝑥 17 𝑥 → ∞ 25 − 0 + 0
− +
𝑥4 𝑥4 𝑥4
0
= lim =𝟎
𝑥 → ∞ 25

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 15𝑥 4 +21𝑥 2 −45
10. Calculate the limit lim
𝑥 → ∞ 30𝑥 4 −14𝑥 3 +35
4 2
15𝑥 21𝑥 45
4 + 𝑥4 − 𝑥4
4 2
15𝑥 + 21𝑥 − 45 𝑥
lim = lim
𝑥 → ∞ 30𝑥 4 − 14𝑥 3 + 35 𝑥 → ∞ 30𝑥 4 14𝑥 3 35
− 4 + 4
𝑥4 𝑥 𝑥
15𝑥 4 21𝑥 2 45
𝑥 4 + 𝑥4 − 𝑥4 15 + 0 − 0
= lim 4 3 = lim
𝑥 → ∞ 30𝑥 14𝑥 35 𝑥 → ∞ 30 − 0 + 0
− +
𝑥4 𝑥4 𝑥4
15 𝟏
= lim =
𝑥 → ∞ 30 𝟐
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