LECTURES LAST PART

EVALUATING OUR OWN LIMITATIONS

A. FORGIVENESS

 WHEN WE FORGIVE, WE ARE FREED FROM OUR

ANGER AND BITTERNESS BECAUSE OF THE
ACTIONS AND/OR WORDS OF ANOTHER
 ON THE OTHER HAND, THE HARDNESS OF OUR
HEART IS REINFORNCED BY WHOLE SERIES OF
RATIONAL ARGUMENTS
B.
 THERE IS PERFECTION IN EVERY SINGLE FLOWER
 FOR A HUG, FOR EVERY SUNRISE AND SUNSET, TO
EAT AS A FAMILY ARE OUR MIRACLES
 EXPERIENCES CAN BE TRULY MOMENTS OF GRACE
 DURING THIS EXPERIENCE, WE NEED TO OFFER
PRAISE

THE BEAUTY OF
NATURE
C.
VULNERABILITY

 TO WORK IN THE OFFICE OR STUDY IN

SCHOOL WITHOUT ACKNOWLEDGING
THE HELP OF OTHERS IS TO LIVE
WITHOUT MEANING AND DIRECTION
 WE NEED TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE HELP
OF OTHER PEOPLE IN OUR LIVES
D.
FAILURE

 OUR FAILURES FORCE US TO

CONFRONT OUR WEAKNESSES AND
LIMITATIONS
 ACCEPTANCE OF OUR FAILURES MAKES
US HOPE AND TRUST THAT ALL CAN BE
BROUGHT INTO GOOD
E.
LONELINESS

 OUR LONELINESS CAN BE ROOTED

FROM OUR SENSE OF
VULNERABILITY AND FEAR OF
DEATH
 WITH OUR LONELINESS, WE CAN
REALIZE THAT OUR DEPENDENCE
ON OTHER PEOPLE OR GADGETS
IS A POSSESSIVENESS THAT WE
CAN BE FREE FROM
F.
LOVE

 TO LOVE IS TO EXPERIENCE RICHNESS, POSITIVITY

AND TRANSCENDENCE
 THE MORE WE LOVE, THE MORE RISKS AND FEARS
THERE ARE IN LIFE
HUMAN BODY IMPOSES LIMITS AND
POSSIBILITIES
A. HINDUISM: REINCARNATION
AND KARMA

TRANSMIGRATION OF SOUL

HINDU BELIEF
REINCARNATION
 HINDUS

EVERYTHING IN LIFE IS A
CONSEQUENCE OF ACTIONS
PERFORMED IN PREVIOUS EXISTENCE
 IN WHAT WAY CAN FINAL
SALVATION BE ACHIEVED?

BUILD UP A FINE RECORD OR KARMA

 JAINS

 THERE IS NOTHING MIGHTIER

IN THE WORLD THAN KARMA
B. BUDDHISM:
NIRVANA

STATE IN WHICH
ONE IS
NIRVANA ABSOLUTELY FREE
FROM ALL FORMS
OF BONDAGE AND
ATTACHMENT
NIRVANA

 MEANS TO OVERCOME AND

REMOVE THE CAUSE OF
SUFFERING
ONE DESIRES NOTHING FOR
HIMSELF BUT ALWAYS WORKS
FOR THE WELL – BEING OF
OTHERS AND LIBERATION OF
HIS FELLOW HUMANS

ONE WHO HAS

ATTAINED
ENLIGHTENMENT
C. ST. AUGUSTINE & ST. THOMAS: WILL AND LOVE

 PHYSICALLY WE ARE
ST. FREE YET MORALLY
AUGUSTINE BOUNDED TO OBEY
THE ETERNAL LAW
ETERNAL LAW
 HUMANITY
ETERNAL MUST DO WELL
AND AVOID
LAW EVIL
INNOCENCE OF HEART AND PURITY CAN ONLY
BE GAINED BY GOD’S GRACE

THROUGH PRAYER,
MODESTY, FASTING
& OTHER SOUND
MEASURE THAT
HOW TO GAIN
CHURCH
GOD’S GRACE?
RECOMMENDS CAN
PURITY OF HEART,
MIND AND BODY BE
MAINTAINED
THE HUMAN PERSON
IN ENVIRONMENT
 ANTHROPOCENTRIC MODEL
HUMAN
CULTURE
INDIVIDUALISM
MIND
CALCULATIVE
HUMAN OVER/AGAINST ENVIRONMENTS
GLOBAL/TECHNOLOGICAL
DOMINATION ANTHROPO
DOMINATION
OF CENTRIC
OF NATURE
HUMANITY MODEL

DISORDER IN THE
UNIVERSE
UNFAIR UTILIZATION
ECOLOGICAL CRISIS
OF THE ENVIRONMENT
HUMANS ADOPT AN
EXPLOITATIVE ATTITUDE

NATURE IS MERELY
AN INSTRUMENT
FOR ONE’S PROFIT
OR GAIN
 NATURE

MAN

ARROGANCE
HUMAN
INTEREST
 ECOCENTRIC MODEL
NATURE
WILD
HOLISM
NATURE/COSMOS
BODY
RATIONAL
EARTH/ WISDOM
ECOLOGY OVER/AGAINST HUMANS
ECOCENTRIC MODEL

ECOSYSTEM AND THE

NATURAL WORLD IS VALUED
 LOVED

ESSENTIAL NATURE RESPECTED

ADMIRED
 PRESERVED WITH
INTEGRITY
LAND
STABILITY
BEAUTY
 OVERWORKS
THE SOIL

SUBSTITUTE DOMISTICATED
IF MAN PLANTS AND ANIMALS WITH
WILD ONES

THREATENED HEALTH OF NATURE

 THINGS ARE NOT IN THEIR PROPER
PLACE:ORGANIZE THEM IN AESTHETIC WAY

A. ANCIENT
THINKERS
NATURE AS
SPATIALLY
WITHOUT
MILESIANS BOUNDARIES

INFINITE OR
INDEFINITE IN
EXTENT
EMPLOYED THE TERM BOUNDLESS TO
CONVEY THAT NATURE IS INDETERMINATE
- BOUNDLESS IN THE SENSE THAT NO
BOUNDARIES BETWEEN WARM AND
COLD OR MOIST AND DRY REGIONS
PYTHAGORAS

DESCRIBED THE UNIVERSE

AS LIVING EMBODIMENT OF
NATURE’S ORDER,
HARMONY AND BEAUTY
 BIOPHILIA

(LOVE OF OTHER LIVING

THINGS)
MAN’S
RELATIONSHIP
WITH UNIVERSE

COSMOPHILIA

(LOVE OF OTHER
LIVING BEINGS)
B. MODERN THINKERS

BEAUTY IS ULTIMATELY A SYMBOL OF

MORALITY
 HUMANITY
HAD
DOMINATED
NATURE

 THERE CAN
ONLY BE
CHANGE IF WE
WILL CHANGE
OUR ATTITUDE
TOWARDS OUR
PERCEPTION OF
THE
ENVIRONMENT
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

 AS HUMAN BEINGS, WE DO NOT

HAVE ONLY RIGHTS BUT DUTIES
 WE ARE NOT ONLY CITIZENS OF THE
COMMUNITY BUT HOW WE REACT
TO THIS COMMUNITY, AND OUR
REACTION TO IT, CHANGE IT
  SHOW CARE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

ECOLOGICAL
CRISIS

A. DEEP
ECOLOGY

NOT
HUMANITY IS ANTHROPOCENTRISM
PART OF NATURE BUT ECOCENTRISM
B. SOCIAL ECOLOGY

ECOLOGICAL CRISIS RESULT FROM

AUTHORITARIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURES

DESTROYING NATURE IS A REFLECTION WHEREIN

FEW PEOPLE OVER POWER OTHERS WHILE
EXPLOITING NATURE FOR PROFIT
SOCIAL ECOLOGIST

SMALL SCALE SOCIETIES

RECOGNIZE THAT HUMANITY IS

LINKED WITH WELL BEING OF THE
NATURAL WORLD IN WHICH
HUMAN LIFE DEPENDS
C. ECOFEMINISM

ECOLOGICAL CRISIS IS A CONSEQUENCE OF

MALE DOMINANCE

WHATEVER IS SUPERIOR IS ENTITLED TO

WHATEVER IS INFERIOR
ANTHROPOCENTRISM ECOCENTRISM

 SUPERIOR  INFERIOR
 HUMAN  ECOLOGY
OVER/AGAINST OVER/AGAINST
NATURE HUMAN
ERICH FROMM

GERMAN PHILOSOPHER

BELIEVES THAT IT IS ABOUT TIME THAT

HUMANITY OUGHT TO RECOGNIZE NOT
ONLY ITSELF BUT ALSO THE WORLD
AROUND IT
VIRTUES OF PRUDENCE AND FRUGALITY TOWARD
ENVIRONMENT
FUNCTIONS OF FROMM’S ENVISIONED
SOCIETY

1. THE WILLINGNESS TO GIVE UP ALL FORMS OF

HAVING, IN ORDER TO FULLY BE
2. BEING FULLY PRESENT WHERE ONE IS

3. TRYING TO REDUCE GREED, HATE AND

ILLUSIONS AS MUCH AS ONE IS CAPABLE

4. MAKING FULL GROWTH OF ONE SELF AND

ONE’S FELLOW BEINGS AS THE SUPREME GOAL
OF LIVING
5. NOT DECEIVING OTHERS BUT ALSO NOT
BEING DECEIVED BY OTHERS; ONE MAYBE
CALLED INNOCENT BUT NOT NAÏVE

6. FREEDOM THAT IS NOT ARBITRARINESS BUT

POSSIBILITY TO BE ONE SELF, NOT AS A BUNDLE
OF GREEDY DESIRES BUT AS A DELICATELY
BALANCED STRUCTURE THAT AT ANY MOMENT
IS CONFRONTED WITH ALERNATIVES OF
GROWTH OR DECAY, LIFE OR DEATH
7. HAPPINESS IN THE PROCESS OF EVER
GROWING ALIVENESS WHATEVER THE
FURTHEST POINT IS THAT FATE PERMITS ONE TO
REACH

8. JOY THAT COMES FROM GIVING AND

SHARING, NOT FROM HOARDING AND
EXPLOITING
9. DEVELOPING ONE’S CAPACITY FOR LOVE,
TOGETHER WITH ONE’S CAPACITY FOR
CRITICAL, UNSENTIMENTAL THOUGHT

10 . SHEDDING ONE’S NARCISSISM AND

ACCEPTING THAT TRAGIC LIMITATIONS
INHERENT IN HUMAN EXISTENCE