Physical Science

Quarter 4 – Module 1
Ancient Astronomy
Introductory Message
Welcome to the PHYSICAL SCIENCE/Grade 12 School-Based Learning
Module (SBLM) on Ancient Astronomy. I am LOVELY JOY M. MARIANO, your
teacher or facilitator in this subject.

This learning material is especially crafted to provide you with independent

and self-directed learning experiences and to have more autonomy and control over
your learning. This will help you improve your academic performance, increase
motivation and confidence, make choices and decisions about how to meet your
learning needs, take responsibility for constructing and carrying out your own
learning.

The competencies included in this module are considered as the most

essential competencies which need to be mastered by a Grade 8 student like you.
These competencies are anchored on the general principles, goals, and objectives of
the K to 12 Basic Education program for Grade 8 student like you to become
productive and effective participant in the society you are in.

For the Parents/Guardians:

Greetings!

The world is currently in a very challenging situation due to the corona virus
2019 pandemic. All are affected including the education system. In this time of crisis,
learning must continue. That is why the Quezon Colleges of the North initiates this
School-Based Self-Learning Module for the students to continue learning even at
home.

You, as the parents, play an important role in this new way of learning. Kindly
give your child enough lesson time. Check their modules if they seriously do the
activities. Your support would mean so much for them. Help them to become a
productive learner even at home. This is just a temporary situation. Everything would
go back to normal when this corona virus is over. Thank you for the unconditional
support to your child’s education. Let us join, hand in hand, for your child’s future.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the new normal way of learning!

This self-directed module is designed for you to be equipped with the most
essential competencies you need to learn for your grade level. For you to become
successful independent learner, you must have a good time management so that
you would be able to complete this course. In reading, you need to pay close

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attention to the words you are reading and their meanings. In times that you need to
do some research, try to draw from a variety of different courses and if things are
getting difficult, do not give up. Please ask assistance from your teacher or anyone
whom you know that can help you. Love and enjoy this beautiful and meaningful
learning experience!

1. Read the module title and the module introduction to get an idea of what the
module covers. Specifically, read the first two sections of this module
carefully. The first section tells you what this module is all about while the
second section tells you of what you are expected to learn.

2. Never move on to the next page unless you have done what you are expected
to do in the previous page. Before you start each lesson, read first the
INSTRUCTIONS.

3. Work on the activities. Take note of the skills that each activity is helping you
to develop.

4. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the
module.

5. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you have
encountered in this module.

6. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher.

7. Please write all your answers of the tests, activities, exercises, and others in
your separate activity notebook.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Welcome to this module! You must be very eager to start with the learning activities
prepared for you. The activities in the module have been designed to provide you
with rich and stimulating learning experience.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain how Greeks knew that the Earth is spherical (S11/12PS-IIIa-2)

Good luck as you begin this module!

Exploration

Unscramble Me
Directions: Unscramble the letters of each word related to ancient astronomy using
the clues that describe it.

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2
Lesson 1 – Ancient Astronomy

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Lesson Proper/Discussion of Concepts

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5
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 Exercises/Developmental Activities

Exercise 1. Matching Type

Directions: Match the Greek astronomers in column A with their important findings in
column B.

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Exercise 2. My Journal
Directions: If you were given a chance to write something on your journal for your
chosen Greek philosopher, who will it be and what will you tell him about his findings
on ancient history?

Generalization

Exercise 3. Arrange Me
Directions: Arrange the words in correct order and write the sentence on the blank
provided in each item. These are the observations that led the Greeks to conclude
that the Earth is sphere.
1. Earth the circular casts on the moon a shadow during a lunar eclipse.
The _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. The different has positions depending observer on the location of the North
Star.
The _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Moon spherical and the Sun are both the.
The _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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 4. A sailing ship becomes smaller and then its hull disappears first before the
sail as if it is being water enveloped by completely disappears the until it.
A _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. The Sun of the with the vertical summer direction at angle noon time during a
solstice from place to place varies.
The _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Assessment

Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is the shape of the Earth according to ancient Greeks?
a. cylinder c. flat disc
b. octagon d. sphere
2. What is the shape of the Earth as described by modern astronomy?
a. ellipsoid c. hyperboloid
b. oblate spheroid d. oblate paraloid
3. Which of the following ancient Greek philosophers computed for the
circumference of the Earth?
a. Anaxagoras c. Eratosthenes
b. Pythagoras d. Aristotle
4. According to Erastothenes’ computations, what is the circumference of the
Earth?
a. 250,000 stadia c. 500 stadia
b. 7. 2 stadia d. 40,000 stadia
5. Which of the following is 250 000 stadia equal to?
a. 40,000 kilometers c. 40,000 meters
b. 40,000 miles d. 40,000 inches
6. In which of the following events can the circular shadow of the Earth be
observed most notably?
a. Solar eclipse c. Lunar eclipse
b. Summer solstice d. Winter solstice
7. Which of the following describes the position of the North Star if you go nearer
the equator?
a. Closer to the horizon
b. Farther away from the horizon
c. The North Star is fixed wherever you are on the Earth

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 d. It disappears completely
8. Which of the following can be observed of a cruising ship if the Earth is a flat
disc?
a. It will shrink then only the sail will be visible until it completely disappears.
b. It will become bigger and bigger.
c. It will not change its size.
d. It will become smaller and smaller until it disappears.
9. During which time did Eratosthenes observe the shadows cast by a vertical
stick?
a. noon time in summer solstice
b. noon time in winter solstice
c. during a lunar eclipse
d. during a solar eclipse
10. According to Eratosthenes, which of the following explains why a vertical stick
casts a shadow in Alexandria but not in Syene?
I. The Sun is directly overhead in Syene while in Alexandria, it is only
almost directly overhead.
II. The light rays coming from the sun are parallel, and the Earth is
curved.
III. The light rays coming from the sun are curved, and the Earth is flat.
IV. The Sun is directly overhead in Alexandria while in Syene, it is only
almost directly overhead.
a. I only c. III and IV
b. I and II d. II and IV
11. Greek philosopher who gave the most accurate size of the spherical earth
during their time?
a. Eratosthenes c. Claudius Ptolemy
b. Anaxagoras d. Hipparchus
12. It is an astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the
Sun.
a. Geocentrism c. Solstice
b. Heliocentrism d. Eclipse
13. Any theory of the structure of the solar system (or the universe) in which Earth
is assumed to be at the center of it all.
a. Geocentrism c. Solstice
b. Heliocentrism d. Eclipse
14. An obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another
between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination.
a. Geocentrism c. Solstice
b. Heliocentrism d. Eclipse
15. Either of the two times in the year, the summer solstice and the winter
solstice, when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon,
marked by the longest and shortest days.
a. Geocentrism b. Heliocentrism

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 c. Solstice d. Eclipse

Closure/Reflection

Directions: In your most creative way, how will you explain how the Greeks knew that
the Earth is Spherical?

It can be through a song, poem, or poster.

References

Canoy, Warlito. How the Greek Knew That the Earth Is Spherical.
https://www.facebook.com/notes/grade-11-physical-science/lesson-63- how-
the-greeks-knew-that-the-earth-is-spherical/2033007150048833/ (accessed
June 06, 2020)
Dowling, Mike. “Mr.Dowling.com”. Aristotle’s Conclusion.
https://www.mrdowling.com/601aristotle.html?fbclid=IwAR04dJDnSvnAfFr4sP
4rxiZ0qgU7C5OVFxO5ZpnokO Tj8Kxh8dNQbRPtpWA (accessed June 06,
2020)
Rocelia de Villa, Exploring Natural Science: Physical Science (Makati City: Don
Bosco Press Inc., 2015) 192.
Schroeder, Daniel. Astronomy Before Copernicus.
https://physics.weber.edu/schroeder/ua/BeforeCopernicus.html?fbclid=Iw
AR0IICE1TO0OLEb9-MdUEZUBryyhDfd62eRmnuaQh2YqI9sysFr7FXmaV-I
(accessed June 06, 2020)

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