HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANT

1. A hydro-electric power plant consumes 52,650 KW-hrs per annum. Expected flow is 1665 m³/min
and overall efficiency is 65%. What is the net head?Answer: D
A. 30 m
B. 31 m
C. 32 m
D. 34 m

2. Ina a hydro-electric power the tail water level fixes at 480 m. The net head is 27 m and head loss
is 4% of the gross head. What is the head water elevation?Answer: B
A. 500.34 m
B. 508.12 m
C. 456.34 m
D. 567.34 m
3. The available flow of water is 25 m³/ sec at 30 m elevation. If a hydro-electric plant is to be
installed with turbine efficiency of 85% and generator efficiency of 90%, what maximum power
that the plant could generate?Answer: C
A. 4658.5 KW
B. 3478.5 KW
C. 5628.5 KW
D. 4756.5 KW

4. For a proposed hydro-electric plant, the tail water and head elevation is 160 m and 195 m,
respectively. If available flow is 10 m³/sec and head loss of 5% of water available head. What is
the water power?Answer: A
A. 3261.8 KW
B. 4254.6 KW
C. 5874.5 KW
D. 2456.5 KW

5. The flow of a river is 20 m³/sec and produces a total brake of 6,000 KW. If it is proposed to
install two turbines each has 85% efficiency, what is the available head?Answer: A
A. 35 m
B. 37 m
C. 39 m
D. 36 m

6. Two turbines generates a total power of 5000 KW. If one unit is thrice the capacity of the other,
find the capacity of smaller unit.Answer: A
A. 1250 KW
B. 3450 KW
C. 2456 KW
D. 5763 KW

7. In a hydro-electric plant the brake power is 1800 KW running at 450 rpm and net head of 30 m.
Determine the specific speed of the turbine.Answer: D
A. 60.29 rpm
B. 65.29 rpm
C. 75.29 rpm
D. 71.29 rpm

8. The specific speed of turbine is 75 rpm and running at 450 rpm. If the head is 20 m and generator
efficiency is the maximum power delivered by the generator.Answer: C
A. 450.5 KW
B. 345.5 KW
C. 650.5 KW
D. 780.5 KW

9. For a generator running at 300 rpm and 60Hz, find the number of generator poles.Answer: A
A. 24 poles
 B. 8 poles
C. 18 poles
D. 20 poles

10. The penstock if hydro-electric plant is 0.5 x 0.5 m with velocity of 5.5 m/sec has a head of 20 m.
What is the output of the turbine if the turbine efficiency is 87%?Answer: D
A. 845.32 KW
B. 789.34 KW
C. 654.56 KW
D. 234.56 KW

11. A 4m x 0.5m channel has water velocity of 5 m/sec. If the head is 100 m, what is the annual
energy produced if overall efficiency is 70%?Answer: C
A. 40,456,000 KW-hrs
B. 34,456,345 KW-hrs
C. 60,154,920 KW-hrs
D. 54,867,234 KW-hrs

12. In Francis turbine, the pressure gage leadig to the turbine casing reads 380 Kpa and center of
spiral casing is 3 m above the tailrace. If velocity of water entering the turbine is 8 m/sec, what is
the net head of the turbine?Answer: D
A. 30 m
B. 35 m
C. 40 m
D. 45 m

13. A turbine has a mechanical efficiency of 95%, volumetric efficiency if 97% and total efficiency
of 80%, If effective head is 40 m, find the total head.Answer: D
A. 48.72 m
B. 40.72 m
C. 46.72 m
D. 34.72 m

14. A Pelton type turbine has 30 m head friction loss of 4.5 m. The coefficienct of friction head
loss(from Moorse) is 0.00093 and penstock length of 80 m. What is the penstock diameter?
Answer: D
A. 1234 mm
B. 3476 mm
C. 677 mm
D. 1686 mm

15. From a height of 65 m water flows at the rate of 0.85 m³/s and is driving a turbine connected to
160rpm generator. If frictional torque is 540 N-m, calculate the turbine brake power.Answer: A
A. 533 KW
B. 677 KW
C. 455 KW
D. 488 KW

16. What is the turbine output and delivering 1 m³/sec in a hydro-electric power plant if turbine
efficiency is 88%%?Answer: A
A. 863.28 KW
 B. 734.28 KW
C. 167.34 KW
D. 492.34 KW

17. In an 8,000 KW hydro-electric plant the over-all efficiency is 88% and the actual power receive
by the customer is 110,000 KW-hrs for that day. What is the secondary power could this plant
deliver during the entire day?Answer: A
A. 58,960 KW-hrs
B. 60,960 KW-hrs
C. 65,960 KW-hrs
D. 70,960 KW-hrs

18. At a proposed hydroelectric plant site, the average elevation of headwater is 600 m, the tailwater
elevation is 480 m. The average annual water flow is determined to be equal to the volume
flowing through a rectangular channel 4 m wide and 0.5 m deep and average velocity of 5.5
m/sec. Assuming that the plant site can develop if the hydraulic turbine that will be used has an
efficiency of 80% and generator efficiency of 92%. Consider a headwork loss of 4% of the
available head.Answer: A
A. 76,854,851
B. 65,234,556
C. 75,234,455
D. 82,456,677

19. In Maria Christina Hydroelectric Project, the available head is 140 m; the water flow is one cubic
meter per second; efficiency of the turbine is 95%; efficiency of the generator is 95%, three
phase, 60cycle, voltage delivered is 4160 V. Determine yearly income of the plant if the cost of
the generated electric energy is P0.60 per Kwh.Answer: C
A. P5,234,567
B. P7,385,678
C. P6,514,778
D. P9,354,677

20. A Pelton type was installed 30 m below the head gate of the penstock. The head loss due to
friction is 15% of the given elevation. The length of penstock is 80 m and coefficient of friction
is 0.00093. Determine the power output in KW.Answer: D
A. 12,273
B. 13,234
C. 12,345
D. 12,493
21. From a height if 65 m, water flows at the rate of 0.85 m³/sec and is driving a water turbine
connected to an electric generator revolving at 160 rpm. Calculate the power developed by the
turbine in KW if the total resisting torque due to friction is 540 N-m and the velocity of the water
leaving the turbine blades is 4.75 m/sec.Answer: B
A. 753
B. 523
C. 635
D. 833

22. A proposed hydro-electric power plant has the following data:

Elevation of normal headwater surface = 194 m
Elevation of normal tailwater surface = 60 m
Loss of head due to friction = 6.5 m
Turbine discharge at full gate opening = 5 m³/sec
Turbine efficiency at rated capacity = 90%
Turbine is to be connected to a 60 cycle AC generator.
Find the number of poles of the generator?Answer: B
A. 6
B. 10
C. 8
D. 12

23. A Francis turbine is installed with a vertical draft tube. The top of the draft is 1 m below the
centerline of the spiral casing while the tail race water level is 3 m from the top of the draft tube.
There is no velocity of whirl at the top or bottom of the draft tube and leakage are negligible. The
elevation of water from the reservoir to the centerline of the turbine casing is 50 m, and water
velocity at the inlet is 5 m/sec. Discharge is 2.5 m³/sec, hydraulic efficiency is 86%. Overall
efficiency if 83%. Determine the reading of a pressure gage(in psi) if one is installed at the
penstock just before the water inlet to the turbine.Answer: A
A. 69.35
B. 74.33
C. 56.34
D. 92.45

24. A Francis turbine is installed with a vertical draft tube. The top of the draft is 1 m below the
centerline of the spiral casing while the tail race water level is 3 m from the top of the draft tube.
There is no velocity of whirl at the top or bottom of the draft tube and leakage are negligible. The
elevation of water from the reservoir to the centerline of the turbine casing is 50 m, and water
velocity at the inlet is 5 m/sec. Discharge is 2.5 m³/sec, hydraulic efficiency is 86%. Overall
efficiency if 83%. Determine the mechanical efficiency of the turbine. Answer: C
A. 76.23%
B. 83.45%
C. 95.51%
D. 64.34%

25. A remote community in Mountain Province plans to put up a small hydro-electric plant to service
six closely located barangays estimated to consume 52,650,000 KW-hrs per annum. Expected
flow if water is 1665 m³/min. The most favorable location for the plant fixes the tail water level
at 480 m. The manufacturer of turbine generator set have indicated the following performance
data: turbine efficiency 87%; generator efficiency is 92%; loss in head work not exceed 3.8% of
 available head. In order to pinpoint the most suitable area for the dam, determine the head water
elevation.Answer: D
A. 234 m
B. 842 m
C. 345 m
D. 509 m

26. A hydro-electric plant has a 20 MW generator with an efficiency of 96%. The generator is
directly coupled to a vertical Francis type hydraulic turbine having an efficiency of 80%. The
total gross head on the turbine is 150 m while the loss of head due to friction is 4% of the gross
head. The runaway speed is not to exceed 750 rpm. Determine the flow of water through the
turbine in cfs.Answer: A
A. 651
B. 534
C. 763
D. 827

27. A hydro-electric plant has a 20 MW generator with an efficiency if 96%. The generator is directly
coupled to a vertical Francis type hydraulic turbine having an efficiency of 80%. The total gross
head on the turbine is 150 m while loss head due to friction is 4% of the gross head. The
runaways speed is not to exceed 750 rpm. Determine the rated speed of the turbine.Answer: C
A. 300
B. 500
C. 400
D. 600

28. Water flows steadily with a velocity of 3.05 m/s in a horizontal pipe having a diameter of 15.24
cm. At one section of the pipe, the temperature and pressure of the water are 21°C and 689.3 Kpa,
respectively. At a distance of 304.8 m downstream. The pressure is 516.9 kpa. What is the friction
factor?Answer: C
A. 0.134
B. 0.0050
C. 0.0189
D. 0.641
29. A hydroelectric generating unit station is supplied from a reservoir of capacity 6,000,000 m³ at a
head of 170 m. Assume hydraulic efficiency of 80% and electrical efficiency 90%. The fall in the
reservoir level after a load is 15 MW has been supplied for 3 hours, if the area of the reservoir is
2.5 sq. Km is closet to:Answer: A
A. 5.39 cm
B. 4.32 cm
C. 5.98 cm
D. 4.83 cm

30. A pelton wheel is to be designed to rin at 300 rpm under an effectice head of 150 m. The ratio of
the nozzle diameter of the pitch circle is 1/12. Assuming efficiency of 84%, what is the size of the
wheel in meters. Assume a speed ratio of 0.45.Answer: C
A. 1.05
B. 2.00
C. 1.55
D. 2.86
 31. A Francis turbine is installed with a vertical draft tube. The total head to the center of the spiral
casing at the inlet is 38 m and velocity of water at the inlet is 5 m/sec. The discharge is 2.1
m³/sec. The hydraulic efficiency is 0.87 and overall efficiency is 0.84. The top of draft tube is
1m(water) below the centerline of the spiral casing while the tailrace (water) level is 3m from the
top of the draft tube. Neglected velocities of whirl and leakage losses. What is the total head on
the turbine in meters?Answer: B
A. 34.72
B. 43.27
C. 55.20
D. 48.12

32. A hydro-electric plant discharges water at the rate of 0.75 m³/sec and enters the turbine at 0.35
mps with a pressure of 275 Kpa. Runner inside diameter is 550 mm, speed is 520 rpm and the
turbine efficiency is 88%. Find the turbine speed factor.Answer: A
A. 0.638
B. 0.386
C. 0.368
D. 0.836

33. A hydraulic turbine receives water from a reservoir at an elevation of 100 meters above it. What
is the minimum water kg/s to produce a steady turbine output of 50 Mw?Answer: B
A. 50,247
B. 50,968
C. 50,672
D. 50,465

34. A hydro-electric plant having 50 sq. km reservoir area and 100 m head is used to generate power.
The energy utilized by the consumers whose load is connected to the power plant during a five-
hour period is 13.5 x 106kwh. The overall generation efficiency is 75%. Find the fall in the height
of water in the reservoir after the 5-hour period.Answer: B
A. 2.13 m
B. 1.32 m
C. 3.21 m
D. 0.53 m
35. A reaction turbine develops 500 bhp. Flow through the turbine is 50cfs. Water enters at 20fps
with a 100ft pressure head. The elevation of the turbine above the tail water level is 10 ft. Find
the effective head.Answer: D
A. 130 ft
B. 120 ft
C. 110 ft
D. 116.2 ft

CHIMNEY

1. A boiler uses 2500 kg of coal per hour and air required for the combustion in 16 kg per kg coal. If
ash loss is 10%, determine the mass of the gas entering the chimney. Answer: A
A. 42,250 kg/hr
B. 78,300 kg/hr
C. 85,452kg/hr
D. 33,800 kg/hr