MEH329 Digital Signal Processing

Final Exam
2018 / 2019 Fall – 1.Ö.
11.01.2019

Student Name : 1 2 3 4 Total

Student Number : (30p) (20p) (30p) (20p)
Signature :

Time: 85min
 This is a closed books / notes exam.
 Calculators are not allowed.
 Additional / extra answer sheets are not allowed.

Q1. a) Calculate the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for the signal 𝑥[𝑛] = [4 3 2 1]
b) Calculate the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the signal 𝑥[𝑛] = [4 3 2 1]

a)
𝑁−1 3
−𝑗(2𝜋/𝑁)𝑘𝑛
𝑋[𝑘] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑛]𝑒 = ∑ 𝑥[𝑛]𝑒 −𝑗(2𝜋/4)𝑘𝑛 = 4 + 3𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋/2)𝑘 + 2𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋/2)2𝑘 + 1𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋/2)3𝑘
𝑛=0 𝑛=0

𝑋[0] = 4 + 3𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋/2)0 + 2𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋)0 + 1𝑒 −𝑗(3𝜋/2)0 = 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10

𝑋[1] = 4 + 3𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋/2)1 + 2𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋)1 + 1𝑒 −𝑗(3𝜋/2)1 = 4 + 3(−𝑗) + 2(−1) + 1(𝑗) = 2 − 2𝑗

𝑋[2] = 4 + 3𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋/2)2 + 2𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋)2 + 1𝑒 −𝑗(3𝜋/2)2 = 4 + 3(−1) + 2(1) + 1(−1) = 2

𝑋[3] = 4 + 3𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋/2)3 + 2𝑒 −𝑗(𝜋)3 + 1𝑒 −𝑗(3𝜋/2)3 = 4 + 3(𝑗) + 2(−1) + 1(−𝑗) = 2 + 2𝑗

b)

𝑥𝑒 [𝑛] = [4 2] , 𝑥𝑜 [𝑛] = [3 1]

⇒ 𝑋𝑒 [𝑘] = [4 + 2 4 − 2] = [6 2] , 𝑋𝑜 [𝑘] = [3 + 1 3 − 1] = [4 2]

𝑋[𝑘] = 𝑋𝑒 [𝑘] + 𝑊4𝑘 𝑋𝑜 [𝑘] , 𝑘 = 0,1

𝑋[𝑘 + 2] = 𝑋𝑒 [𝑘] − 𝑊4𝑘 𝑋𝑜 [𝑘], 𝑘 = 0,1

𝑋[0] = 6 + 𝑒 −𝑗(2𝜋/4)0 (4) = 6 + 4 = 10

2𝜋
𝑋[1] = 2 + 𝑒 −𝑗( 4 )1 (2) = 2 − 2𝑗
2𝜋
𝑋[2] = 6 − 𝑒 −𝑗( 4 )0 (4) = 6 − 4 = 2
2𝜋
𝑋[3] = 2 − 𝑒 −𝑗( 4 )1 (2) = 2 − (−2𝑗) = 2 + 2𝑗
Q2. For the system given below, SA corresponds to a zero insertion system that inserts one zero after every input
sample (i.e., 2↑), 𝐻(𝑒 𝑗Ω ) is an ideal low-pass filter with gain 1, and SB corresponds to a decimation system that
extracts every sixth sample of its input (i.e., 6↓).
a) What should be the cut-off frequency of 𝐻(𝑒 𝑗Ω ) to prevent aliasing? Show your calculation or explain your
reasoning.
b) Sketch 𝑇(𝑒𝑗Ω ), 𝑊(𝑒𝑗Ω ) and 𝑌(𝑒𝑗Ω ) based on the input signal’s frequency response provided below, and the cut-
off frequency determined on the previous step.

x[n] 𝑆𝐴 𝐻(𝑒 𝑗Ω ) 𝑆𝐵 y[n]

t [n] w[n]

𝑋(𝑒 𝑗Ω )
… 1 …

-π/2 π Ω
-π −𝜋/2 𝜋/2 3𝜋/2 2π 5𝜋/2

a) The signal’s maximum frequency component is at teh frequency 𝜋/2. After the upsampling, it will be at
𝜋/4. If the filter does not cut out any frequency components out of this, after the downsampling the
maximum frequency component will be at 6𝜋/4, which will cause aliasing. In order to prevent aliasing, the
maximum frequency component should be limited to 𝜋 after downsampling, so the filter’s cut-off
frequency should be 𝜋/6.

b)

𝑇(𝑒 𝑗Ω )
… 1 …

−𝜋/4 𝜋 𝜋/4 3𝜋/4 𝜋π 5𝜋/4 7𝜋/4 2𝜋 9𝜋/4 Ω

-π

𝑊(𝑒 𝑗Ω )
… 1 …

−𝜋/6 𝜋 𝜋/6 π𝜋 2𝜋 Ω
-π

𝑌(𝑒 𝑗Ω )
… …

1/6

π𝜋 Ω
-π 2𝜋
Q3. A stable system has the LCCDE representation given by:
𝑦[𝑛] − 1.5𝑦[𝑛 − 1] − 𝑦[𝑛 − 2] = 3𝑥[𝑛] − 𝑥[𝑛 − 1]

a) Draw the block diagram of the system

b) Determine the transfer function of the system
c) Draw the pole-zero graph, and determine the ROC
d) Derive the impulse response of the system

a)
x[n] 3 y[n]
+ +

z-1 z-1
-1 1.5
+ +

z-1
1

b)
𝑌(𝑧) − 1.5𝑧 −1 𝑌(𝑧) − 𝑧 −2 𝑌(𝑧) = 3𝑋(𝑧) − 𝑧 −1 𝑋(𝑧)

𝑌(𝑧) 3 − 𝑧 −1 3 − 𝑧 −1 2 1
𝐻(𝑧) = = −1 −2
= −1 −1
= −1
+
𝑋(𝑧) 1 − 1.5𝑧 − 𝑧 (1 − 2𝑧 )(1 + 0.5𝑧 ) 1 − 2𝑧 1 + 0.5𝑧 −1

c)
3 − 𝑧 −1 3𝑧(𝑧 − 1/3)
𝐻(𝑧) = =
(1 − 2𝑧 −1 )(1 + 0.5𝑧 −1 ) (𝑧 − 2)(𝑧 + 0.5)
Poles: - 0.5, 2
Zeros: 0, 1/3

Unit circle

The system is stable, therefore ROC should include the unit circle ⇒ 𝑅𝑂𝐶 ∶ 0.5 < |𝑧| < 2

d) Based on ROC and the transfer function,

ℎ[𝑛] = −2(2)𝑛 𝑢[−𝑛 − 1] + (−0.5)𝑛 𝑢[𝑛]

Q4. Roughly draw the amplitude responses |𝐻(𝑒𝑗Ω )| for the following filters with the pole-zero positions given
below. Make sure that your drawings are consistent / compatible with each other.

a) Poles: - 0.8 , Zeros: 1

b) Poles: 0.8 , Zeros: -1

c) Poles: - 0.8 , Zeros: - 1

d) Poles: 0.8 𝑒𝑗𝜋/6 , 0.8 𝑒−𝑗𝜋/6 , Zeros: 1, -1

a) b)

c) d)