Biogeochemical cycle

Carbon cycle leads to an effective path in biogeochemical cycle.

The carbon cycle
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the
biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere as a CO2.It is the main
manner of carbon in atmosphere and also CO,CH4, also cam be seen in atmosphere from little
amounts. The carbon dioxide is green house gas, it support heating. Plant utilise this CO4 to
produce there own foods for photosynthesis. As a result of this photosynthesis carbon in
atmosphere enters into plant bodies. Photosynthesis is the main path of carbon fixation. Plants
are the primary the primary producers in the planet. Animals microbes are mostly depend on
plant. Herbivores are primary consumers and they entirely depends in plants. They eat plant
parts as a result of it carbon that fixed in plant bodies enter into animal body through the food
chain and weds and that carbon exchange between animals. The plants and animals produce
energy by breaking organic food while utilising O2 and produce CO2 .That CO2 release to
atmosphere as a respiration product. And also plant and animals die when they reach to end of
long journey. The microbes are work on bread Bob and produce CH4,,CO2 and other secretion.
The CO32,HCO3- ions are produce that ion products deposit in soil as Canon,MgCO3 and
anymore. As aa result of anaerobic conditions and high pressure the carbon contain in dead
bodies turn into coal and fossil oil. Humans utilise this carbon resources to produce energy. As a
result of it the stored carbon release into atmosphere.
And also atmospheric NH4 dissolve in water and produce CO3 2-, HCO3- .That CO3 2- and HCO3-
reacts with Ca2 and produce CaCO3. And also dissolve CO2 use aquatic plants to produce
organic foods. As a result of respiration that CO2 release to atmosphere. This is equilibrium it
depends on the temperature.
The main steps of carbon cycle ;
1_Photosynthesis
2_Respiration
3_Burial
4_Extraction
5_Combustion
6_Exchange
7_Decomposition
8_Dissolvation
78% of the atmosphere is full with Nitrogen. As it nitrogen gas takes a special place within our
environment. So now we’ll investigate about Nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen cycle that cam be defined as cycling of N through the atmosphere ,lithosphere and
hydrosphere. Nitrogen is the main component of proteins and therefore it is an essential
element for organisms. Nitrogen cycle is bit different from carbon cycle. In carbon cycle plants
play the main role while in nitrogen cycle the main role is acted by microbes. Without microbes
it can be unbalance. The nitrogen can be classified into 5 steps in studying purpose. As;
1_Nitrogen fixation
2_Nitrification
3_ Assimilation
4_ Ammonification
5_Denitrification
78% of the atmosphere is filled with Nitrogen (N2).The nitrogen fixation is mainly done by
microbes. Soil microbes are involve in that process. The nitrogen fixing bacteria are of 2 types
which are symbiotic fixation and free living nitrogen fixing bacteria .The symbiotic nitrogen
fixing bacteria create association with higher plants. Mostly with root nodules. It is the best
example for it. Rhizobium sp., anabaena sp.,are best examples for it. Azotobacteria is the best
example for free living nitrogen fixing bacteria. Lighting, ultraviolet radiation electrical
equipment also support to this nitrogen fixation process. The nitrates ammonia resulting from
nitrogen fixation are assimilated into specific tissues. It is assimilations and microbes act on
dead organic matter and decompose them into NH4 and NH3.That process is referred to as
ammonification.
Nitrification which is a process NH4 covert into NO3-..Bactera are involve to their
process.Nitrosomanas support to convert NH4 into NO2-.Nitrobactera support to covert NO2-
.Nitrobacteria support to covert NO2- to NO3-.Plant highly absorb NO3- to fulfil nitrogen
requirement. Denitrification is the process that convert nitrate into N2.This is mostly done in
anaerobic conditions.(pseudomonas)
Sulphur is an essential element in our food. Lets observe it, as from the cycle below.
Sulphur cycle
The Sulphur moving through the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Sulphur
is an essential element in our food. Plants absorb it as SO42 - from soil and through food chain it
enter to animals, bodies. It is essential to produce proteins microbe and environmental factors
mainly. Microbes acts on dead and release H2S gas to atmosphere and microbes such as
chromamatium , thiobacillus, beggiatoa, Thiothrix convert into “S". Some photoautotrophic
bacteria utilise against H2O in photosynthesis process. The sulphur cycle mainly undergo with
4 steps which are;
1_Mineralization of organic sulphur into inorganic forms such as hydrogen sulphide(H2S)
elemental sulphur as well as sulphide minerals.
2_Oxidation of hydrogen sulphide and elemental sulphur(S) to Sulphate.(SO42-)
3_Reduction of sulphate to sulphide.
4_Incorporation of sulphide into organic compounds.
And also volcanic activities are highly involve to sulphur cycle. As a result of volcanic activities
SO2,SO3,H2S,S are released.
Phosphorus cycle makes a special place in this biogeochemical cycle, while phosphorus is a main
component in DNA and RNA.
Phosphorus
Phosphorous cycle is a cycle that is not taken through the atmosphere. It is only taken through
the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere. Phosphorus plays a main role in organisms. It is the
main component of DNA, RNA and some lipids. Therefore, Phosphorus is an essential element
to creatures. The phosphorous can mainly observe as PO43-. Plants mainly absorb phosphorus as
PO43-. The phosphorus is mainly adding through rock weathering. Plants absorb that from soil
and it enters to animal body through food chains and food webs. Some of phosphate ions
dissolve in water and enter to aquatic eco systems. And decomposition of dead matter, PO43-
return into the environment.

By Poornima Nadun