TEST CODE 01212020

FORM TP 2007006 JANUARY 2007

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION

CHEMISTRY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

1 hour and 45 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY

1. There are FIVE questions in this booklet. Answer ALL questions.

2. You MUST use this answer booklet when responding to the questions. For
each question, write your answer in the space provided and return the
answer booklet at the end of the examination.

3. Where appropriate, ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in this booklet.

4. The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Copyright © 2005 Caribbean Examinations Council®.

All rights reserved.
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1. (a) A student conducts an experiment to compare the effect of temperature on the solubility
of two salts, R and T. The data collected are represented in Table 1.

TABLE 1: SOLUBILITIES OF RAND TAT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

Solubility (g per 100 g water)

Temperature tC)
R T
10 25.0 40.0
30 50.0 43.0
50 90.0 45.0
70 140.0 48.0
90 200.0 55.0
100 250.0 58.0

(i) Using the graph paper provided on page 3, plot the data for the solubility of R
and T given in Table 1. ( 4 marks)

Use the information from the graph to answer the following questions.

(ii) Describe the effect of increasing temperature on the solubilities of R and T.

( 1 mark )

(iii) Determine the temperature at which the solubilities of R and T are equal.

( 1 mark )

(iv) Determine the solubility ofT at 75°C.

( 1 mark )
(v) Which of the two salts is more soluble at 5°C?

( 1 mark )

(vi) Suggest a way for obtaining an essentially pure sample of R from a sample
which has been contaminated with a small amount ofT.

( 3 marks)

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Solubility (g /lOOg)

i It
l i I I
H-H--J+!-r H-+f
I :IR:
+H··+t�
:
if
.

·
...ut+

-,h- ·· ·Tl''!"·--r-+ iT± --r-rt-1-t- II I '-L

T rp
.t. H-H -..
1 -+-
l
-
l. I
I I

II I I I ' I I -· iT -t-+f- +
IJfJf �
·-
.....:� 1 I 1 1 t i �
! I I:!
I I _I

l I! !l I! I I
t±t+ITt tl+­
J I Il l I
I
I I �._·;� 1
I
f!
I
I -1 ++--
I
!;
-
;i

II
t-t-�H=
�-r-r-r -H·+·r

Rt.=m�.tj:i-- f±'-
I

�
Q_
; I I I
1

! I
I
I I

I I f I I
I I !

I I
' I

'+
-i
� r i I_- j-
H·+1 HI+H1- H-··i-1+,-HI+:+-+1-f-
'
-

II I I
:
III II I
'

I j i t- I
i i
J J!

-LU
U,l-i
i !I I

HH-+1+
t I!

-++H-
I +
I -, Il ' -f I -1
·-
' . H·f- - , i
-
, ·++1- . ·, I I ;-�·-r- ,- . l J

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(b) Complete Table 2 below by writing the inferences for tests carried out on Solid W.

TABLE2

Test Observation Inference

(i) A sample of Solid W is • Pungent gas evolves.

moistened with sodium
hydroxide solution and the
mixture heated. Moist red
and moist blue litmus are • Red litmus turns blue.
held at the top of the test
tube.
( 1 mark )

(ii) To an aqueous solution • White precipitate is formed.

of W, a few drops of acidi-
fied silver nitrate are added,
followed by aqueous
ammonia.
(Ionic equation required)
• The precipitate dissolves in
aqueous ammonia.
( 2 marks)

(iii) To an aqueous solution of • A white precipitate is formed.

W, a solution containing
barium ions is added.

( 3 marks)

(iv) Dilute hydrochloric acid is • The precipitate is insoluble

added to the mixture from in the acid.
(iii) above.

(Ionic equation required)

( 2 marks)

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(c) Kerosene and methylated spirit are used as fuels in lamps (burners) in the laboratory.
When lit, these fuels bum (undergo combustion) to produce heat energy. The heat of
combustion of these fuels can be readily determined from experimental data obtained
from the heating of water by the fuels.

Using the information given above, plan and design an experiment to determine whether
kerosene and methylated spirit produce the same amount of energy on combustion. The
hypothesis of the experiment is given below.

Hypothesis: Methylated spirit and kerosene produce the same amount of e nergy on
combustion.

(i) Procedure:

( 2 marks)

(ii) Draw a fully labelled diagram _of the apparatus required to conduc t your
experiment.

( 3 marks)

(iii) Data to be collected:

( 2 marks)

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(iv) SAMPLE calculation to be performed to determine the heat of combustion per

mole of the fuel:

( 2 marks)

(v) TWO possible sources of error in your experiment:

( 2 marks)

Total 30 marks

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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED

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2. Electrolysis has many applications. The apparatus shown below in Figure 1 can be used to
purify copper by electrolysis.

.-�---�--Cathode

Electrolyte

Figure 1. A generalised electrolytic cell

(a) In order to adapt the electrolytic cell in Figure 1 for the purification of copper, what
material may be used as the

(i) cathode?

(ii) anode?

(iii) electrolyte?

( 3 marks)

(b) As electrolysis proceeds, describe the changes expected to be observed

(i) at the cathode

(ii) at the anode

(iii) in the electrolyte.

( 3 marks)

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(c) Write half-equations for the reactions occuring at the

(i) cathode

(ii) anode.

( 2 marks)

(d) A current of 5 amperes is passed for 2 hours during the period of the electrolysis.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) The quantity of electricity passed in coulombs

( 2 marks)

(ii) The mass of copper deposited

Relative Atomic Mass of Cu = 64 ]

[ Faraday 's constant= 96500 coulombs

( 3 marks)

(e) In addition to extraction of metal from their compounds, electrolytic processes are also
widely used to protect metals from corrosion, as well as to make them attractive. Name
TWO such electrolytic processes.

( 2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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3. (a) Ammonia is manufactured industrially by the Haber process. The information in

Figure 2 relates to the manufacture of ammonia. It shows the percentage yield of
ammonia under different conditions of temperature and pressure.

70

.s 60
=
0

�
(II
50
.....
0
"0 40
Qj
·�
QJ 30
H
=
QJ 20
!:!
�
�
10

0
200 400 600
Pressure (atmospheres)

Figure 2. Percentage yield of ammonia under different conditions of temperature and pressure

(i) Over what range of temperatures and pressures is ammonia NORMALLY

produced by the Haber process?

( 1 mark )

(ii) Based on the information given in Figure 2, deduce whether increased yields of
ammonia would result from conditions of

a) high o r low temperature

b) high or low pressure.

( 2 marks)

(iii) Suggest TWO reasons why ammonia is not usually produced at !00°C an d
1200 atm.

( 2 marks)

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(iv) Under normal conditions, approximately 18% of the hydrogen and nitrogen
used in the Haber process is converted to ammonia. The unreacted nitrogen and
hydrogen are separated from the ammonia and recycled.

With reference to the properties of ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen, suggest

ONE way that ammonia can be separated from the other gases. Give a reason
for your answer.

( 2 marks)

(b) Chlorine and ammonia react together to form NH4 Cl and ~Cl only.

(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between chlorine and ammonia.

( 2 marks)

(ii) Both NH4Cl and NH2Cl dissolve in water, but whereas aqueous NH4 Cl
conducts electricity, the aqueous NH2 Cl does not. What does this information
suggest about the type of bonding in NH4 Cl and in ~Cl?

( 2 marks)

(iii) Draw a dot-cross diagram to show the bonding in ~Cl.

( 2 marks)

(iv) Suggest ONE reason why ~Cl dissolves in water.

( 2 marks)

Total 15 marks
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4. Study the information given in Figure 3 and answer the questions that follow.

acidified q
-=-=:-:-:-
K.Mn04 , heat
_ �)
�:,.-_- X

C2H50H
concentrated �S04,
warm

Figure 3. Reaction scheme

(a) (i) Complete Table 3 below by drawing the displayed structure, and writing the
name of EACH of the compounds, X, E and D.

TABLE 3: NAME AND STRUCTURE OF X, E AND D

Compound FuiJy displayed structure Name

( 7 marks)

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(ii) Name the reagent, q, required to convert X to D in Figure 3.

( 1 mark )

(b) (i) Identify the homologous series to which Compounds X and E belong.

Compound X:

CompoundE:

( 2 marks)

(ii) State ONE physical property of EACH of the following:

a) Compound X:

b) Compound E:

( 2 marks)

(c) Based on your knowledge of the solubilities of Compounds X and E, suggest a suitable
method of separating E from a mixture of X and E.

( 3 marks)

Total 15 marks

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5. A student conducts a number of experiments to investigate the rate of reaction between hydro-
chloric acid and limestone (calcium carbonate).

(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and limestone.

( 2 marks)

(b) 5.0 g of CaC03 is allowed to react completely with hydrochloric acid. Using the
balanced equation in (a), calculate the mass of gas that would be produced.
[Relative Atomic Mass: Ca =40, 0 = 16, C = 12]

( 3 marks)

(c) Suggest ONE way to verify the identity of the gas given off in (a).

( 1 mark )

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(d) (i) What data must be collected if one wants to measure the rate of the reaction in
(a) on page 14?

( 2 marks)

(ii) Sketch a labelled diagram to illustrate how the data collected in (d) (i) above
may be represented.

( 3 marks)

(e) (i) State TWO ways in which the rate of a reaction could be increased.

( 2 marks)

(ii) Explain how ONE of the ways stated in (e) (i) above causes an increase in
reaction rate.

( 2 marks)

Total 15 marks

ENDOFTEST

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