Sl No Crop Suitable Conditions for Area under

Growth Cultivation
1. Rice : India is the  It is a tropical crop West Bengal, Uttar
second largest growing in temperature Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil
producer of rice of 24 degree C and the Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
next to China annual rainfall between Bihar, Chhatisgarh
100 to 150 cm.
 Deep fertile clayey or
loamy soil are best
suited
 Needs abundant labour

Wheat : Second
most important food  Conditions : The 85% of the India’s
crop. average temperature wheat production comes
It accounts for 34 % should be 15 to 20 from 5 states of Uttar
2. degree C. A frost free
of the total Pradesh, Punjab,
production of food period of 100 days is Haryana, Rajasthan and
grains in the country required . Madhya Pradesh.
 The annual rainfall
requires is 50-100 cm
per year.

3 Jowar: Third  The plant grows in It is mostly grown in

important food crop adverse conditions . It Deccan plateau.
of the country needs a temperature of Maharashtra, Karnatka,
26 to 33 degree in the and Madhya Pradesh
Kharif season are leading producers.
 Annual rainfall should
be 45cm annually. I t
can be grown in semi
arid region
 It can be grown in
variety of soil like
loamy, sandy, clayey
soil

4
Bajra : This forms Rajasthan is the largest
the staple food for  : Bajra is a crop of dry producer followed by
poor people and warm climate and Uttar Pradesh,
 is grown in areas of 40- Haryana, Gujarat and
50 cm of annual Maharashtra
rainfall.
 . The ideal temperature
for its growth is 25°-
30°C. Bright sunshine
after light showers is
very useful in early
stages of its growth.

5 The major produsers

Pulses : India is the are
largest producer Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
and consumer in the  Pulses need less Pradesh, Rajasthan,
world moisture and survive Maharashtra, and
even in dry conditions Andhra Pradesh .

6 Sugarcane : India is
the second largest Uttarpradesh is the
producer in the  Sugarcane is a tropical leading producer
world. plant, followed by
It suuplies raw Maharashtra,
materials for the  It requires a year warm Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
manufacture of weather to reach and Gujarat
Sugar, gur, and maturity.
Khandsari. It also
suuplies molasses  The areas having
for alcohol industry temperature of 20° to
and Bagasse for 26°C and an average
paper industry. rainfall of 150 cm are
India ranks third in suitable for its
the sugar production cultivation.
after Cuba and
Brazil

7.
Cotton : It provides
raw materials to the About 79% of the total
 largest industry in  TEMPERATURE; It area of production are
India. India ranks needs high summer contributed by Gujarat,
second next to temperature between Maharashtra, Andhra
China 22° C to 32° C. It also Pradesh, and Punjab
requires bright
sunshine. Frost is
harmful to the cotton
plant.
. RAINFALL : cotton
needs light to moderate
rainfall between 50 to
100 cm.
 IRRIGATION : In arid
areas irrigation is used.
It increases the yield
per hectare in Punjab.
 SOILS : cotton grows
well on well drained
Jute : Jute is an
loamy soil or lava soils
industrial fibre.It is The jutecrop
8. is grown in nearly 83
also called Golden
fibre. It is used for 1.TEMPERATURE: It requires districts of seven states -
making uniformly high temperature West Bengal , Assam ,
carpets,ropes, 27°C throughout the year. Orissa , Bihar , Uttar
covers and linoleum. 2. RAINFALL: Jute requires Pradesh , Tripura and
It is used for well distributed heavy rainfall Meghalaya . West
packing many 150 cm. Bengal alone accounts
agricultural 3. SOIL: It is grown on for over 50 percent
commodities. Jute is floodplains and delta's. raw juteproduction.
called ‘Brown Paper Fertilizers are also used.
of Wholesale trade’. 4. CLEAN WATER: Jute needs
Jute fibre has and ample supply of clean
softness, strength water for washing.
and length.

Gujarat is the leading

Oil Seeds : The Tropical climate producer followed by
premier source of Rajasthan, Madhya
9 Temperature ranging between Pradesh, Maharashtra
fat in Indian diet is 20-30 degrees.
derived from and Andra Pradesh
50-75 cm of rainfall.
 groundnut, This crop does not withstand
rapeseed, mustard, continuous drought, stagnant
sesame, linseed, water.
sunflower, cotton Loamy red and yellow soil,
seed . black soil supports its grow
Oil is also used in
the manufacture of
10 candles, soaps,
manure and cattle
feed,

India is the second

largest producer
after China Assam, West Bengal,
Tamil Nadu, Kerala,
Plantation Crop It grows well in tropical and Tripura, Arunachal
Tea : Two major subtropical climate. Pradesh, Himachal
varieties are 2. It requires deep and humus Pradesh, Karnataka,
cultivated in India rich soil. Sikkim, Nagaland,
(a) Bohea from 3. It requires warm and frost Uttarakhand, Manipur,
China free days. The temperature Mizoram, Meghalaya,
11 should be between 20 - 30
(b) Assamica Bihar, Orissa.
from India degree celcius.
4. It requires around 150-250
cm of rainfall throughout the
year

entire production is
shared by three states
Coffee plant requires hot and namely Karnataka,
Coffee : Coffee is humid climate with Kerala and Tamil Nadu
the second most temperature varying between . Karnataka is the
important beverage 15°C and 28 °C and rainfall largest producer
crop of India next from 150 to 250 cm. It does not accounting for about 70
only to tea. tolerate frost, snowfall, high per cent of total coffee
There are two temperature above 30°C and production and 60 per
varieties strong sun shine and is cent of
12 (a) Arabica : generally grown under shady the area under coffee in
High quality trees. India.
cultivated
more
(b) Robusta –
inferior Kerala, Karntaka,
Tamilnadu, Andaman
It needs wet climatic condition and Nicobar Islands
Rubber: These were Temperature : above 20
first established in degrees C and rainfall above
Kerala in 1902 300cm
Differences

Rabi Crop Kharif crop

Rabi crops are sown after the end of Kharif crops are sown with the beginning of
the monsoon, i.e. during the winter the rainy season.
season.

They require warm climate for seed

germination and cold climate to grow. They require huge amount of water and
hot weather to grow.
Sowing month is from October –
November. Sowing month is from June – July

Harvesting month is from March – April

Examples: Wheat, peas, gram, Harvesting month is from September –

oilseeds, barley, etc. October

Examples: Rice, maize, cotton, groundnut,

jowar, bajra, etc.

Inundation Canals Perennial Canal

Inundation canals are usually long Perennial canals are linked to barrages
and originate from big rivers and dams, and they have water throughout
the year.
They usually receive their water when
the source river is in full spate or when These canals are a good choice for
there is a flood. irrigating large areas.
Alluvial Soil Black Soil

Sediments are deposited by the Streams and Derived from basalts of Deccan trap
Rivers when they slow down

Rich in Potash, Phosphoric acid, lime and

Carbon Compounds Rich in POTASH, Lime, Aluminium,
Calcium and Magnesium
Poor in Nitrates
Poor in Nitrtes, Phosphoric acid and humus
Crops : Wheat, Sugarcane, Oilseeds
Crops : Cotton, millets, Tobacco and
Sugarcane