LEARNING PACKETS IN SCIENCE 4

First Quarter - Week 4

Topic: Identifying Variables

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

A. differentiate the kinds of variables;
B. identify the variables that may affect the result of an experiment; and
C. construct an experimental design.

Watch a TV advertisement where a comparison of two products is shown. Then

answer the following questions.
Guide Questions:
a. What is the goal of the advertisement?
b. How were the two brands compared?
c. How did they arrive at the conclusion that Brand X is the better product?

Word hunt

What do you consider when buying a pair of shoes? Find your answers in the
word box. Then, write them in the given space below.

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The factors that you consider before buying the shoes are what we call
variables. In this lesson, you will learn the different kinds of variables and how
to identify variables in scientific experiments.

Variable is any item, factor, or condition that can be controlled or

changed. There are three types of variables in scientific experiments. These
are the tested, controlled, and responding variables. If you can still remember
in the past lesson, the tested and responding variables were already
discussed in formulating problems.

Type of Variable Definition

Tested What is being tested in the experiment
Controlled What stays the same in the experiment
Responding What responds to the changes you make in the
experiment

For example, you want to know what color of bird feeders your local birds
prefer.

Problem: What color of bird feeder will the birds visit the most?

If you want to determine whether the color of the feeder has an effect, your
hypothesis should be: “If I put up red, blue, and green bird feeders, the birds
will visit the green feeder the most.” You might speculate that the green
feeder, being the most “camouflaged” or “natural” might be visited the most.

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 An experimental
design showing the
variables will serve
as a guide before
conducting an
experiment.

Since you want to know what color of bird feeders your local birds prefer, the
location of the feeders, the kind of feeds, and the amount of feeds placed are
the controlled variables.

The color of the bird feeder (red, blue, and green) is the tested variable because
it is the one you are manipulating or changing in the experiment.

You will know which color of bird feeders the birds will be visiting the most by
measuring the amount of feeds left. It is the responding variable. The fewer the
feeds, the more birds visited the feeder. It responded when you change the
colors of the bird feeder.
Always remember that the responding variable should be observable or
measurable.

TESTED VARIABLE is also called INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

while RESPONDING VARIABLE is also called DEPENDENT VARIABLE.

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Let’s Try!

Harry wanted to find out what soil works best for growing roses. He planted
them outside of his yard in different potting soil such as clay, sand, and loam.
After one week, he measured the height of his plant.

Problem: ________________________________________________________________

Hypothesis: If _____________________________ then __________________________.

Variables: Write TV if the variable is tested variable, CV if controlled variable,

and RV if responding variable.

1. Height of the plant ________ 4. Amount of water ________

2. Location ________ 5. Type of Soil ________
3. Amount of soil ________ 6. Kind of Plant ________

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Controlled Variables

Tested Variable

Responding Variable

Generalization

Ask and Learn

You will be given a chance to ask questions or
clarifications about the topic.

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1. Formative Assessment

A. Identify the given variables in the statements. Write TV if the variable is

tested variable, CV if controlled variable, and RV if responding variable.

1. Different flower bushes were grown in a greenhouse for one month. The
number of flowers on each bush was counted at the end of the
experiment.

________a. number of flowers

________b. kind of flower bushes
________c. location of the flowers
________d. period of exposure to greenhouse

2. Fishes in aquarium A were fed thrice a day. While fishes in aquarium B

were fed twice a day only. The growth of fishes in terms of weight was
compared.

________a. weight of the fishes

________b. type of fish
________c. number of times feeding the fishes
________d. type of aquarium

3. Sarah would like to know which detergent works better in removing the
coffee stain on a cotton shirt. She used detergent X and detergent Y.
After 1 hour, the shirts were compared.

_______a. time of soaking the shirt in the water with detergent

_______b. brand of detergent
_______c. amount of stain left
_______d. kind of stain
_______e. kind of shirt

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B. Identify the tested, controlled, and responding variables in the given
situation.

You watered three sunflower plants with salt water. Each plant received a
different concentration of salt solutions. The fourth sunflower plant
received fresh water. After a three-week period, the height was
measured.

Tested: _________________________________________________________
Controlled: _____________________________________________________
Responding: ____________________________________________________

2. Synthesis - 3-2-1 Chart

Be ready to share to the class the:

3 things you have 1 thing you want to

learned in the 2 things you want learn more about
lesson to clarify

1. Open our Science Team and look for the video channel. Watch the video
titled “Variables” for further explanation of the topic.
2. For our next meeting, prepare a ruler, 1 short bond paper, and 15 pieces
of paper clips

REFERENCES:
Tide Philippines. (2018, November 24). Introducing New Tide PERFECT CLEAN! [Video
file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZqpFgvo9UM

123RF (n.d.) Vector Shoes. Retrieved from https://www.123rf.com/photo_127258725_stock-

vector-shoes-isometric-fashion-foot-shoe-boots-sandals-slippers-clothes-vector-collection-
isolated-illustra.html

Slide player (n.d.) The Nature of Science and Technology. Retrieved

from https://slideplayer.com/slide/9437120/

Mad About Science! (n.d.) Identifying Variables. Retrieved

fromhttps://madaboutscience.weebly.com/identifying-variables.html

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 LEARNING PACKETS IN SCIENCE 4
First Quarter - Week 5
Topic: Measuring

A. identify the different measuring devices used in experiments;

B. explain how measurement is used in scientific work;
C. measure length, width, and height using a ruler;
D. read the measurement of mass; and
E. explain the importance of accuracy in measuring objects.

Prepare your ruler, 1 short bond paper, and 15 pcs of paper clips before the
class starts.

HISTORY TRIVIA

Have you ever tried measuring something using your body parts? Did you know
that during the ancient times, people just use their body parts or anything they
can see in their environment to measure things.

Body parts used for measuring

It is called arbitrary measurement. Arbitrary measurement or non-standard

measurement is based on random choice or individual preference.

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Examples:

Measuring the length of a

Measuring the length of a Measuring how tall the
rope using her arms
table using bowls tree is using jars

Get your ruler, short bond paper, and paper clips. Measure the length of the
bond paper using the paper clips and ruler.
Guide Questions:
1. How long is the bond paper in paper clips? In the ruler?
2. Which is easier to use to measure the bond paper? using paper clips
or a ruler?
3. Which will give you a more accurate measurement? using paper
clips or a ruler? Why?

What are the disadvantages of using arbitrary measurements?

Sometimes, it will lead to confusion since there are different sizes
of body parts or objects. For example, for you, the length of a
bond paper took 10 paper clips, but for your classmates, it is15
paper clips. Another example is a piece of wood which measures
four handspans for an adult but six handspans for a child.

To avoid confusion, they made it standardized. During the development of

measurements, as time goes on, many things were invented and developed
to help measure objects around us.

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 1. Length is the size of a straight line,
distance, or straight edge on an object.
We measure the length with a ruler.
Each ruler is divided into units.

• In measuring the length, remember that:

10 millimeters (mm) = 1 centimeter (cm)
100 cm = 1 meter (m)

2. Mass measures the amount of matter in an object. The mass of solid

objects is usually measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

• In measuring the mass, remember that the mass of a body

remains constant but its weight is affected by the pull of gravity.
1000 milligram (mg) = 1 gram (g)
1000 g = 1 kilogram (kg)

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Let’s Try!
a. Measure the length of the following using a ruler:

b. Read the mass of the following:

1. 2.

Generalization

Ask and Learn

a. You will be given a chance to ask for questions or clarifications
about the topic.
b. What is the importance of accuracy in measurement?

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1. Formative Assessment

A. Open the link that will be shared by your teacher in the chat
to join the quiz game.

B. Measure the length of the following objects using a ruler. Take note of
the unit of measure used.

1. leaf

________cm

2. paper clip

________mm

3. pencil

________cm

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C. Measure the mass of the following objects. Take note of the unit of
measure used.

2. Synthesis
News Update!
Watch a video clip about the confiscation of defective scales in a market.
a. Have you experienced the same concern as the mother in the
news regarding inaccurate weighing scales in the market?
b. How can you apply what you have learned today in dealing with
situations like this?

1. Open our Science Team and look for the video channel. Watch the video
titled “Measuring” for further explanation of the topic.
2. Be ready for Short Test #3 next meeting.
3. Review your learning packet week 5 and open your MS Teams ‘General
Channel’ for a copy of the PPT presentation.

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4. Performance Task #2 - Measuring Bookshelf Design

You are asked to organize your bookshelf. Using your pen and coloring
materials, draw the materials listed below inside the bookshelf found on the
next page of the learning packet. Make sure to follow the measurements
given. A sample work is posted in the assignment tab “PETA #2 Bookshelf
Design”

MEASUREMENT (per
Qty. MATERIALS item)
3 Science Book L= 4cm, T= 1cm

3 English Book L= 5cm, T= 1cm

5 Storage box L= 3.3cm, W= 3cm

2 Encyclopedia L= 4.8cm, T= 2cm
1 Dictionary L= 4cm, T= 1.5cm
1 Digital clock L= 3cm, W= 1cm
1 picture frame L= 3.5cm, W= 2cm
1 Calendar L= 1.8cm, W=4cm
1 Globe L= 1.2 cm, W= 3.6 cm

Rubrics
CRITERIA WEIGHT 4 3 2 1
Creativity and The bookshelf The bookshelf The bookshelf The bookshelf
Neatness 25% shows shows shows lacks creativity and is
exceptional creativity, creativity with distractingly messy.
creativity, detailed design, minimal design but
design, and and neatness a little messy.
neatness.
Completeness 30% All materials are All materials The materials are The materials are
complete and are complete, complete but some incomplete and
labels are clearly but have no labels. some have no
written. labels are not labels.
clearly written.

Accuracy 45% The measurement Most of the The measurements All measurements
of all materials are materials have of some materials are incorrect.
correct and correct and are incorrect.
accurate. accurate
measurements.

TOTAL 25 points

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 MY BOOKSHELF DESIGN

Name: _______________________ Section: 4- _______________

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REFERENCES:

TutWay. (2019, June 28). What is Mass? [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivAD44nh0D0&ab_channel=TutWay

Teaching Without Frills (2015, November 2) Introduction to Nonstandard

Measurement for Kids: Using Paper Clips to Measure [Video File]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8o7n-
A0SC0&ab_channel=TeachingWithoutFrills

Iprep junior (2018, December 5) Introduction to Nonstandard Measurement for

Kids: Using Paper Clips to Measure [Video File]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0p2RD0VnR0&ab_channel=iprepjunior

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 LEARNING PACKETS IN SCIENCE 4
First Quarter - Week 6
Topic: Laboratory Tools

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

A. identify the different laboratory tools used in experiments;
B. describe the uses of some common laboratory tools;
and
C. explain the importance of using laboratory tools properly and carefully.

Do the following tasks:

1. Get a glass of water. Measure the amount of water in a glass by dipping
a stick.
2. Get your body temperature by putting your hands on your forehead.
3. Measure the mass of your learning packet by carrying it.

Guide Questions:
1. Were you able to get the exact measurements? Why? Why not?
2. What do you need to get the exact measurement of an object?

The fourth step in the scientific method is experimentation. An

experiment is a scientific test that can be used to support or disprove a
hypothesis.

Watch the video clip about experimentation design. What are the things
needed to prepare for conducting an experiment?

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In the previous lesson, you learned how to measure the length and mass of an
object. In this learning packet, we will discuss the devices and equipment used
in conducting experiments.

Science laboratory equipment allows you to interact directly with the

data that you are gathering. With the help of these equipment, you will be able
to perform different experiments.

Laboratory Instruments and Their Uses

Common Laboratory Tools
Name Description and/or Use Picture
Graduated Cylinder It is used to measure the
volume of liquids.

Erlenmeyer Flask It is used to mix two or more

liquids and add the reagents
in order to know the amount
of concentration.

Florence Flask It can be used as a

container to hold solutions of
chemicals.

Tripod It is used to hold the wire

gauze and then put the
equipment on.

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Wire gauze It is used to support the
glass container while it is
being heated.

Funnel It is used to transfer the

liquids to narrow headed
flasks.

Dropper It is used to add drops of

mixture in a solution.

Crucible tongs It is used to pick up,

remove and handle hot
containers.

Crucible with cover It is used to heat the

solutions to a very high
temperature.

Mortar and Pestle It is used to crush large,

solid particles into powder.

Things to remember and follow when performing laboratory experiments:

1. Gather the materials needed. Handle the laboratory tools with care.
2. Follow and perform the procedure properly.
3. Observe safety measures. Never taste or put chemicals into your mouth.
4. Record the observations accurately. Use pencil for drawing/labeling
of the set ups.
5. Gather and interpret the data intelligently.
6. Clean your own working area after the experiment.

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 Generalization
Ask and Learn
You will be given a chance to ask questions or clarification about the
topic.

1. Formative Assessment

A. Label the laboratory instruments shown below.

__________ __________ __________ __________ ____________

B. Identify the laboratory instrument that is being described in each

statement. Write your answer on the blank.

_____________1. It is used to transfer small amounts of liquid without spilling.

_____________2. It is used to support the glass container while it is being heated.
_____________3. It is used to heat the solutions to a very high temperature.
_____________4. It is used to grind chemicals into powder.
_____________5. It is used to measure the volume of liquids.

2. Synthesis
Watch a video about the proper use of laboratory tools.
• What do you think will happen if laboratory equipment will not be
used properly?
• What will be the consequences?

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 1. Be ready for an activity on identifying laboratory tools, their functions,
and proper usage on our next meeting (2nd meeting).
2. Be ready for Long test #2. Review LP Week 4-6 lessons.
3. Review your learning packet for week 6 and open your MS Teams
‘General Channel’ for a copy of the PPT presentation.

REFERENCES:

Laboratory equipment and their uses - Tishk International University. (n.d.).

Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://lecture-notes.tiu.edu.iq/wp-
content/uploads/2021/01/Lab-2-Equipments-Lab-tools-1.pdf

Study.com. (2013, December 31). Experimental design [Video file]. Retrieved

from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q8acfBx5to

Have Fun Teaching. (2015, March 6). The Scientific Method [Video file]. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIFz_-KzURY

Lab tools and equipment - know your glassware and become an expert
chemist! | chemistry. (2019, July 18). YouTube. Retrieved September 3, 2022,
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chODOKSPJS4

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