first ppt

Video
CXR lateral
NORMAL CHEST X- RAY.(chest PA) Hilum

The lungs are radiolucent

(where you see the ribs)

This is your heart shadow

HIGHLY RADIOPAQUE (VERY
BRIGHT)

Soft tissue density (SLIGHTLY

Trachea, it is filled with air
therefore it is radiolucent.
RADIOPAQUE. Bones is also
radiopaque Sideview of the heart
Lateral view of the
Hilum, if you know the normal x-ray vertebrae
there is no densities at this area. Diaphragm, it is highly
radiopaque

SKULL PA
The orbit which is the cavity,
Frontal sinus slightly radiopaque even if it
appears as dark is a cavity
this one because
this your maxillary
sinuses This the teeth, are highly
radiopaque because it contains
and it is calcium. Therefore, there is
radiolucent lacking volume or body of the
teeth you could see there
especially in a dental radiograph
the dental carries
HUMERUS

SKULL
LATERAL

SUTURES
 HANDS
RADIUS AND ULNA

PHALANGES

5 METACARPALS

CARPAL

DISTAL RADIUS Distal ulna

 ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

(ang black ) is
SPLEEN- sometimes spleen will cast shadow
the gastric radiopaque.
shadow.

AREA OF THE LIVER

Therefore, the intrahepatic ducts and
The stomach is
IS HIGHLY
filled with gallbladder is not visualized or seen. It is only
RADIOPAQUE
THERFORE YOU
therefore it is visualized in x-ray with give contrast, like for
radiolucent.
WILL SEE example your PPC and ERCP. Of course the best
TRIANGULAR IN
SHAPE modality to study the biliary tree and the
RADIOPACITY
gallbladder Is ultrasound

YOUR VERTEBRAE AND PELViC BONE PLUS YOUR PROXIMAL
FEMUR ARE ALL HIGHLY RADIOPAQUE COZ THEY HAVE CALCIUM
Kidney - slightly radiopaque (faintly opacified)
Right kidney is more faint (remember at the
level of lower thoracic upper lumbar)
Small intestine- is not usually seen in a normal
abdominal x-ray, you see only an air-filled
colon.
(You should familiarize yourselves the normal
anatomy so you could identify any
abnormalities.)
For the bowels, you could only see the colon.
Colon/LI - radiolucent (air-filled)
You have to give a contrast material in order to
see the bowels, the first choice is the barium
sulfate,
Urinary bladder - not seen especially its empty,
if filled w/ urine, sometimes see radiopacity
protruding from pelvic region
Uterus - not visualized, only with CM in order to
seen it on x-rays.

PELVIS
TIBIAFIBULA

SACRUM AND THE

LAST PART IS
- BONE- highly radiopaque
YOUR COCYX, - SOFT TISSUES- like your muscles this is lightly
EACH PELVIC radiopaque
BONE ON EACH
SIDE HAS 3
PORTIONS THE
ILIUM, ISCHIUM
HEAD OF THE WHERE FEMUR IS
ATTACHED
FEMUR

ACETABULUM THIS IS YOUR

RAMI.
SUPERIOR RAMUS.

INFERIOR RAMUS
 Foot

- In the neck you could see radiolucent

trachea, but in plain x-ray esophagus is
not seen
For GIT there’s 2 introduce CM

- 1st choice - barium sulfate

7 tarsal - Air - doubled contrast study; very
helpful esp visualizing GIT

Hysterosalpingography
SPECIAL PROCEDURES:
- Uterus and fallopian tube - best studied
This is very important because there are some in ultrasound
structures need the special procedures with the - ultrasound
introduction of the contrast material in order to
visualize in radiographs.

Barium Enema- radiographic contrast study of -

This is your
the colon or large intestine -
endometrium, you
inject through the
-
urethra.

This is your very thin fallopian tube; very small caliber.

That is why in ultrasound we cannot see the normal
size of the fallopian tubes.

CM - usually iodinated compound; highly

radiopaque
- Barium sulfate is highly radiopaque.
CHOLANGIOGRAPHY
- Air will also help in visualization of the
colon This the
- If there’s ulcer, it’s described as filling t-tube cholangiogram,
negative
image
defects you’ll don’t have the
gallbladder anymore
Barium Swallow

The cystic duct will

lead to the
gallbladder

The common bile duct enter

the 2nd portion of the
duodenum through the
opening called ampulla of
vaters

- Also known as esophagography

CHOLANGIO- REFERS TO BILIARY TREE
 DIFFERENT PORTION OF THE BILIARY TREE kidneys (slightly radiopaque); more radiopaque
- Intrahepatic ducts in the right are the calyces
- Left intrahepatic ducts, they join together to form the Appearance of a
common hepatic duct it has two branches the cystic calyces, cup shape like

duct and common bile duct.

Myelography

Spinal cord - appear highly radiopaque Left ureter

CM - iodinated compound (injected in

subarachnoid space) Left pelvis

Arachnoid layer - part of meninges, surrounds Contrast filled

spinal cord, if you put fluid in the sub arachnoid urinary bladder

layer this will enclose your spinal cord, - The collection of calyces will form your
therefore giving you this highly radiopaque renal pelvis
shadow, Calyces and renal pelvis are not
visualized in plain x-ray, need CM
- very good IVP is when you see the
whole ureter.
Angiography
Appearance of
coated spinal cord

CEREBRALANGIOGRAM
- it is a picture of blood vessel of the brain

This a
negative Highly radiopaque contrast material
image. This
the blood CM: Iodinated compound
vessel of the
brain
Abdominal aortography

Main cerebral
Carotid artery
arteries and
branches

Since the brain is a vital organ which lead an

adequate supply of blood, oxygenated blood
then is well vascularized

IVP (Intravenous Pyelography)

Study of kidneys, ureters and UB

CM: Iodinated compound

Timing: After you injected the dye, supposed to

be at the 5th minute, you would be able to see
Duodenum Small intestinal pattern.
C-looped Coil spring appearance.

This is the
rugae. To do a opacification of the
UGIS, do not uppergut. As you can
fill up see it is an opacified
completly ang stomach which is
stomach bcoz barium filled
it cannot see
the folds

jejenum
Ilium