IoT – based Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivation Monitoring
System
Mark Joren C. Guinto Vince Renssie D. Cortez
1st author's E-mail address 2nd E-mail
John Robert Gatchalian Roland Rezfer Aron M.
Email Manlutac
Email
ABSTRACT
Mushroom cultivation provides sustainable source of nutritious
food by encouraging growth of mushroom from organic waste.
However, the need of frequent visits in the farm to water, and
maintain the optimal relative humidity and temperature levels
can be time consuming and affects the quality, and quantity of
the harvest. With the current prevalence of Internet of Things,
the control of electrical components without the need of physical
interaction is utilized in many fields. This ‘IoT – based Pleurotus
ostreatus Cultivation Monitoring System’ serves as an automatic
monitoring system for oyster mushroom fruiting. This system
will monitor and maintain the necessary environmental factors
specifically, temperature and humidity, at the preferred level of
the user, display the time, current humidity and temperature
levels through an LCD, water the mushroom fruiting bags based
on the set schedule, and provide android application for the user
to set watering schedules, set the preferred humidity and
temperature levels, view humidity and temperature logs, and be
notified of the system’s activity. Developmental Quantitative
research and Iterative Waterfall System Development Life Cycle
was used as the methodologies of this study. System Testing was
conducted to ensure that the system works according to
specification. Data gathered from the developed prototype was
compared against conventional mushroom cultivation method.
Obtained results showed that the system is comparable to
conventional mushroom cultivation in terms of environment
control, and harvest yield. The system can maintain at least 60%
humidity inside the farm. The temperature can be maintained at
under 30°C when the ambient temperature is under 35°C. The
results of the system evaluation showed that the system is
acceptable for its functionality, reliability, efficiency, usability,
maintainability, and portability according to Mushroom farmers,
and computer system experts who served as respondents. The
system can help mushroom farmers save time by automatically
monitoring and watering the mushroom fruiting bags inside the
growing house.
Keywords
Oyster mushroom; mushroom cultivation; monitoring system;
Internet of Things
1. INTRODUCTION
Mushroom cultivation is economically viable as it fits as a
sustainable farm; a sufficient supply of low-cost substrates made
from agricultural waste, a high production per surface area, and
spent substrate produced can be used as solid conditioner are
some of its advantages. Mushrooms are easy to grow and are a
good source of proteins, B vitamins, and minerals (Oei, 2005).
According to Kumar A., Patidar S., Nongthomban J. (2021),
Among the different types of mushrooms, oyster mushroom is
Trix P. Manalang
3rd E-mail
Ruby Rosa Puno
Email
also one of the most cultivated species. As a result of its
medicinal benefits and its ability to grow at a wide range of
growing conditions and with a variety of agro-based residues,
oyster mushroom production has risen around the world. White
oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, are the ones
recommended for beginner cultivators in Pampanga (Bie
Marangle, 2022). Temperature and humidity levels in an
environment play a major part in the growth of white oyster
mushrooms. Maintaining these factors at the optimal level helps
in the growth of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies (Cabalen
Mushroom Farmers, 2022). The Internet of Things (IoT) is a
cloud platform for storing sensor data and logging in order to
monitor, analyze, and operate devices connected to a Node
microcontroller via various Android applications on a mobile
phone. (Muangprathub J., et al.,2019). The use of conventional
way of farm cultivation has been overcome with the use of
automation to maximize farm productivity, (Bounnady et al.,
2019) developed a smart cultivation system that monitors soil
moisture, temperature, humidity. It also integrates IoT cloud that
combines and grants connections with the user. Another research
proposed (Haryanto et al., 2018) a smart aquaponics system that
controls and monitors required parameters in a farm. This paper
also integrates control systems via a web that runs in real-time.
(Ortner & Ågre, 2019) proposed a small scale, soil-less
automated hydroponic growing system that can grow crops
faster and take less space. The system maintains the essential
environmental variables of the farm and integrates automated
system. Based on the mentioned studies, agricultural monitoring
systems are commonly used to control the environmental
variables essential for crop growth. An interview with local
mushroom farmers in Pampanga, Philippines was conducted
wherein challenges in mushroom cultivation were mentioned
(Cabalen Mushroom Farmers, 2022). One of the problems is that
misting is time consuming because oyster mushrooms require 3-
5 times of watering throughout the day and most farmers only
have a small workforce to work with the farm. Another problem
is that temperature and humidity levels are often not maintained
at the optimal level because this requires frequent monitoring
and control of temperature and humidity levels. According to the
mushroom farmers, this affects the quality and quantity of
harvested mushrooms and all of them agree that maintaining the
temperature and humidity level of a fruiting house at the optimal
level will improve the fruiting performance of the mushrooms.
To improve overall efficiency, productivity, and lessen human
error in mushroom cultivation, the researchers propose an idea to
create an automatic monitoring system entitled “IoT – based
Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivation Monitoring System” consisting
of various sensors and devices to enhance the monitoring of
fruiting in mushrooms accessible through a mobile application.
The main objective of the study is to develop a system to
monitor and control the fruiting process of white oyster
mushroom cultivation. The proposed system has the following
objectives to address: To monitor and maintain the necessary
environmental factors, specifically, temperature and humidity, at
the optimal level, To create a system that automatically switches
various electrical devices on and off with the use of relay
switches when needed, To create a system that displays the time,
current humidity and temperature levels through an LCD in real
time, and To develop a mobile application which will be able to
view the temperature and humidity levels as well as schedule the
system when to mist the mushrooms. To create a notification
system that will inform the user regarding the events of the
monitoring system. The system focuses on automating the
necessary tasks during the fruiting phase of white oyster
mushrooms. The system will turn on and off the electrical
devices depending on schedule, and current temperature and
humidity levels. The system will have a central database that
stores temperature and humidity readings saved at fixed time
intervals. A database management application will be used to
communicate with the server. The system will check if enough
water is stored in the water reservoir. The system will inform the
user through a notification system about the events inside the
farm. The system will only handle Pleurotus ostreatus, locally
known as white oyster mushroom. The system will only handle
the fruiting stage of mushroom cultivation. The system will only
handle a misting system, ventilation system, and a humidifier.
The system can be monitored and operated through an Android
smartphone.
Atmeg
a328P
ESP826
6 Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines. A total of 300 6in x 12in pp
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 shows the concepts that are essential in the study. The
knowledge requirements of the system are Programming,
Circuits and Electronics Networking. The hardware
requirements of the designed project consist of Atmega328P
with ESP8266 wifi module, Temperature and Humidity Sensor,
Relay, Humidifier, Mister, Water Sensor, Ventilation Fan and
LCD. The software requirements for the system are PHP, C++,
SQL and Java. In processing, the requirements of the system by
means of planning, hardware and software development, testing,
evaluating, the design project entitled “IoT – based Pleurotus
ostreatus Cultivation Monitoring System”.
2. METHODOLOGY
Developmental research (Type 1) design will be employed in the
study. Developmental research is “the systematic study of
designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs,
processes, and products that must meet criteria of internal
consistency and effectiveness” (Seels & Richey, 1994). In this
study, the system, IoT – based Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivation
Monitoring System, will be designed, implemented, tested and
evaluated. Quantitative research would be used to make
connections and gain a summary of the variables (Bhandari,
2020). The system made use of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). SDLC refers to the framework that is used to
structure, plan, and control the process of developing a system
(CMS, 2005). The concept of SDLC was applied to the
development phase of the system involved in this study.
Figure 2: Iterative Waterfall Method
Iterative Waterfall Method was used in the development of this
system. It is a development process which follows a sequential
flow of phases, and feedback paths are provided from every
phase to previous phases (GeekforGeeks, 2021). The following
are the phases of development: Analysis, Design, Testing,
Implementation and Maintenance. An interview and observation
of members of the Cabalen Mushroom Farmers agriculture
cooperative was conducted for the proponents to be informed
and have better understanding on how mushroom cultivation is
properly done in Pampanga, Philippines.
2.1 SOURCE OF FRUITING BAGS
Oyster mushroom fruiting bags were obtained from Bie
Marangle, Mary Grace Heights, Dela Paz Sur, City of San
bags were filled with 800 g of substrate and a pvc ring was
placed in the open end of the bag. The bag was plugged with a
cotton ball and sterilized by steam. Fruiting bags were
inoculated with 40 g of starter culture of Pleurotus ostreatus and
incubated at room temperature.
2.2 MUSHROOM HOUSE LAYOUT
The mushroom house has a surface area of 6 square meters and
height of 3 meters. It consists of wooden skeleton framing and
an entrance made from fabric, metal sheets with insulation foam
for roofing, sand for flooring, fabric is also used for the walls to
help in maintaining temperature and humidity, and a fan for air
ventilation. Inside the mushroom house, there are two pairs of
bamboo racks with the height of 2.1 meters, which will support pump, and a 35W 220V exhaust fan was used as the ventilation
the nylon ropes where the fruiting bags are hanged. Mist fan, these 3 are all connected to the relay module controlled by
sprinklers are installed in between the bamboo racks; the water the microcontroller. Lastly, water sensor brick was used as the
reservoir for the sprinklers was placed inside the mushroom water level sensor.
house. The house is designed to handle up to 500 fruiting bags at
a time. The control box is located inside the mushroom house; it
has a digital display for the temperature and humidity levels,
next schedule, and current time. With information from the local
interview and the internet, the proponents designed a system for
watering the mushroom fruiting bags at set schedules,
maintaining the humidity and temperature levels inside the
growing house, record the humidity and temperature levels at
fixed intervals, and control the system through an android app.

Figure 3: Block Diagram

Figure 3 shows the relationship between the modules involved in

the system. The ATMega-328P serves as the controller of the
system. The controller will read the time of watering from the
cloud server. If so, the controller will turn on the misting system.
The HDC1080 sensor reads the temperature and humidity levels
of the surrounding atmosphere. The sensor readings are displayed
on the LCD and sent to the user through a notification. The
controller checks if the temperature and humidity levels are within
the range specified by the user. If above, the humidifier and
ventilation fan will be turned on. The controller will also send the
readings to the cloud server. The mobile application will serve as
the platform to set the time for watering as well as the viewing of
recorded data.
Figure 5: Monitoring System Flowchart
Figure 5 shows how the system monitors and notifies the user
with its actions. The parameter values saved by the user via the
mobile device will be loaded first. After that, the system will
check the water level and spray water into the mushrooms on a
regular basis. In the case that the stored water in the reservoir is
low, the user will be notified. The humidity will then be tested
and calibrated until it falls within the desired range. The
temperature will be adjusted in the same way. The readings from
the sensors will be displayed on an LCD in real time. After each
cycle, the system will notify the user of the values of the
environment variables via application notification. These values
will be stored in the database.

Figure 4: Schematic Diagram

Figure 4 shows the connection of the hardware modules
involved in the system. The ATMega328P microcontroller was
interfaced with an ESP8266 module to connect with the cloud
server. The LCD and HDC1080 were connected through I2C
protocol. An ultrasonic 10-head mist maker with a 6W 12V fan
was used as the humidifier, a 12V motor was used as the water
Figure 6: Mobile Application Flowchart
Figure 6 shows how the user can interact with the system using
the mobile application. The user can modify different threshold
values for different parameters such as temperature and
humidity. Environmental parameters and monitoring logs can be
viewed from the mobile application. PHP, a general-purpose
scripting language, was used to develop the server-side database
management application. The mobile application was developed
in Android Studio IDE. Lastly, MySQL is used for the database. Table 1: ISO 25010 Characteristics and Sub
Testing was done to ensure that the system works in accordance
to the design specification. Functional testing ensures that the
system works as intended and has no undesirable results in
situations outside the design parameters (Inflectra, 2022). First,
individual components were tested. Next, the tasks performed by
the components together were tested. Lastly, the system was
tested as a whole for bugs and errors. The user expected -characteristics
functionalities as well as the edge conditions of the system were
tested. Additionally, the following were tested to ensure that the
system meets user requirements and operates in its fullest:
system functionality in terms of temperature and humidity
reading of the sensor module, database response time,
communication between the software and hardware module, and
environment monitoring and control. Approximation Error is
used to measure how close the system reading is from the actual
value. The formula used for the approximation error is (Glen,
2016):

To determine the comparability of the designed system with the

conventional mushroom cultivation method. Identical 300
fruiting bags were hanged at Bie Marangle Farm at the same
time the system was implemented. A data logger was installed to
save temperature and humidity readings inside their farm. After
The system will be presented to mushroom farmers as well as
opening the bags, primordia eventually started to form. Under
computer system experts to evaluate the system. System
the right conditions, primordia will form at the start of the
acceptability will be based on the results of the evaluation of the
reproductive phase, which will eventually develop into fruiting
ISO 25010 shown in Table 1. Five-point Likert Scale was used
bodies (Oei, 2005). The time it takes for the fruiting bags to
as the measurement tool as shown in Table 2.
form primordia will be recorded. Mature fruiting bodies were
harvested and weighed to determine how comparable both Table 2: Five-point Likert Scale (McLeod, 2019)
settings were in terms of fruiting performance. The yield for the
first month of fruiting will be measured. The ability of both
settings to control and maintain the humidity and temperature
level at the preferred level of the farmer was also compared. A
completely random day from the available data logs will be
selected to be used. The average daily workload done by farmers
was also compared to the daily workload of the farmer when
using this system. System evaluation is the assessment of the
performance of the system against defined technical qualities.
The system is evaluated based on the product quality
characteristics specified in the ISO 25010 model, which are 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
functional suitability, reliability, performance efficiency, and As a start of the development of the system, the proponents built
usability. Functional suitability refers to the degree the system is a 2.5m x 2.6m x 3.6m growing house, as shown in Figure 7,
able to provide the functions that meet the needs when used which will house the mushroom fruiting bags. The control box is
under specified conditions. Reliability refers to the system's installed near the entrance of the farm to minimize the farmer’s
ability to perform defined operations under specified conditions need to enter deep into the farm.
during a given time period. Performance efficiency indicates the
quantity of resources used in relation to the performance
delivered under the given conditions. Usability refers to the
degree a user can utilize the system to achieve the given needs
with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. Maintainability
refers to how a system can be improved, corrected, and adapted
to an environment. Portability refers to the degree a system can
be transferred to another environment or replace an existing
system. (Britton, 2021)
(a) (b)

Figure 7: Growing House; (a) outside, and (b) inside view

The system’s hardware is implemented as shown in Figure 8, readings are close to the actual values of both relative humidity
which illustrates the electrical and electronic components of the and temperature levels.
system. ATMega-328P serves as the controller of the system,
connected to it is the ESP8266-01 which lets the system connect
and communicate with the cloud server. The HDC1080 and
water sensor, connected to the microcontroller handles the Table 3: HDC1080 Sensor Reading Accuracy
monitoring of humidity, temperature and water level. The relay
module, connected to the microcontroller, switches the 12V
water pump, ventilation fan and humidifier, which handles the

The response time of the system’s web server was tested. The
response time of various API operations was recorded at random
times. The data shown in Table 4 illustrates the average response
time for each of the API operations. The system takes 92.91ms
on average to successfully read and write into the database and
789.6ms to push a notification into the android application.
According to Nielsen (1993), a response time of less than 1
second is acceptable and users will unlikely feel any
interruptions during this delay.
water misting, temperature control, and humidity control,
respectively. Lastly, the system is powered through an AC to DC
Table 4: API Response Time
power supply.

Figure 8: Design Project Specification

The system is made up of various software such as the database,

microcontroller, API, and the android application. Figure 9
shows the way these software are connected and implemented in
the system. An HTTP server is developed to handle the
communication between the cloud database, android app, and
ESP8266-01. The database as well as the API were deployed
using Amazon EC2. The control unit inside the farm utilizes
ATMega328P and ESP8266-01, which are programmed using
Arduino. Lastly, to let the user communicate with the system, an
android app is developed.

The connection and communication between the various

Figure 9: Software Implementation
System testing was conducted to ensure that the developed
system satisfies the specified objectives. The hardware and
software components were tested individually, and interfaced
together for operational conditions.
The readings received from the HDC1080 sensor were tested to
determine the accuracy of the sensor. The system successfully
reads the relative humidity and temperature levels of the
growing house with a 3.87% and 1.29% average discrepancy,
respectively, as shown in Table 3. This signifies that the sensor
hardware and software modules of the system were tested. The
proponents tested the connection of the android application to
the cloud server. Figure 10 shows the different functionalities
the android app offers to the user specifically: (a)Farm
Configuration, (b)(d)(e)(f) Schedule view, create, update, and
delete, and (c) daily log view. The android application is able to
successfully connect to the cloud server, and read and write data
to the MySQL database. In addition to the main interface, Figure
11 shows that the android application also has a notification
system that can inform the user about the status and events done
by the control unit, this includes: (a) display of current humidity
and temperature levels, (b) when the control box decides to
reboot due to some interruptions, (c) when the system
successfully booted and connected to the internet, (d) when the
water level of the reservoir is low, (e) when the water level is
back to normal, (f) when a watering schedule is started, and (g)
when this watering schedule is finished.
 The control unit’s ability to deliver its defined functionalities
was also tested. Figure 12 shows some of the functionalities
provided by the system. It depicts that the control unit is able to
connect to the internet on boot (a) (b), responds when a new
watering schedule is created through the android app (c) (d),
accomplishes the scheduled watering on time
(e) (f), and try to maintain the humidity and temperature levels
with the use of the installed mist maker and ventilation fan (g)
(h) (i). Additionally, Figure 11 shows that the control unit is able
to trigger notifications into the android app to inform the user.
This signifies that the control unit is able to communicate data
with the cloud server.
Figure 12: Control Unit; Display: (a)(b) Farm boot, (c) without
and (d) (e) with watering schedule, and (f) during watering; (g)
(h) Humidifier (On); and (i) Ventilation fan (On)

(a) (b) (c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Figure 13: Relative Humidity and Temperature Logs

Figure 11: Android Notification: (a) Current Humidity and

Temperature display, (b) Farm Rebooting, (c) Farm Boot, (d)
Water Low warning, (e) Water refilled, (f) Scheduled Watering
start, and (g) Scheduled Watering finished
Figure 13 illustrates the system’s sensor readings saved in the
database. It shows that the system’s control unit is able to
successfully save sensor readings into the database at five-
minute intervals throughout the day.
The ability of the system to maintain humidity and temperature
levels inside the farm was also tested. For the testing, the system
was set to maintain the humidity level to 65% - 80%, and the
temperature level to 28°C – 30°C. Figure 14 shows the
comparison of the humidity levels inside the farm during a
normal day and during active humidity control. It shows that the
humidifier installed can successfully maintain the farm’s
humidity level to 60%-70% during peak heat hours, which is
when relative humidity decreases (Laurenzi, 2019).

On the other hand, Figure 15 shows the comparison of the

temperature levels inside the farm during active control and the
ambient temperature. The inside of the farm is cooler by an
average of 4°C than the ambient temperature. This means that
the system can maintain the temperature inside the farm under
30°C as long as the ambient temperature does not exceed 35°C.

Figure 14: Humidity Control Test
Figure 15: Temperature Control Test
To determine the efficiency of the system in comparison to what
is widely used monitoring method among the Cabalen
Mushroom Farmers (2022), the system monitoring data is
compared to the monitoring data gathered from Bie Marangle
Farm. The data shown in Figure 16 shows a 4% average increase
in humidity levels for this system’s monitoring system.
Furthermore, with 60.6% humidity level being the lowest
reading, the system is able to maintain the minimum 60%
humidity level preferred by the farmers of Bie Marangle, while
the Bie Marangle’s humidity level falls to 54% on peak heat
hours. On the other hand, Figure 17 shows that this system has
an average of 4% higher in temperature level than Bie Marangle.
Identical environmental conditions can be observed in both
settings. This means that the system’s ability to maintain the
humidity and temperature levels to the preferred range of the
farmers is comparable to the current method widely used by
Cabalen Mushroom Farmers.
Figure 16: Humidity Monitoring Comparison
Figure 17: Temperature Monitoring Comparison
New and identical mushroom fruiting bags were hung in the
system as well as Bie Marangle to get a comparison of the
ability of both settings to encourage fruiting on the mushrooms.
The number of days it takes for primordia to form and the yields
for the first 30 days of fruiting were recorded. Figure 18 shows
an example of mushroom fruiting and harvest.
Figure 18: Mushroom Fruiting and Harvesting
It took eight (8) and ten (10) days for the system and Bie
Marangle to form primordia in the fruiting bags, respectively.
Primordia forms into a mushroom fruit in two (2) to five (5)
days after forming (Oei, 2005). Figure 19 shows the 30-day
yield from both setups. Typically, it takes about one (1) week for
new primordia to form depending on the local climate conditions
and environment control inside the growing rooms (Oei, 2005).
The system yielded 20kgs, and Bie Marangle yielded 12.3kgs of
oyster mushrooms on their first month of fruiting. This
corresponds to an average of 667g per day on this system and
410g per day on Bie Marangle, which means that this system
yielded 39% more mushrooms. The proponents observed that the
frequency with which farmers harvest the mushrooms is more
frequent in this automated system than in Bie Marangle. Out of
the 30 fruiting days observed, the system was harvested for 25
days and Bie Marangle for 20 days in total. Furthermore, the
number of contaminated fruiting bags during this period was
recorded. Green moulds and mushroom flies are the most
common contaminants for mushrooms which can spoil or
degrade the quality of mushroom fruits and mycelium (Oei,
2005). According to Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries
Standards (BFAS, 2019) and Cabalen Mushroom Farmers
(2022), maintaining a degree of personal cleanliness of workers
and prohibition of ill workers can mitigate the risk of
contamination of the fruiting bags. There are two (2) in this
automated system while there are six (6) in Bie Marangle. This
signifies that the farmer’s less frequent visits in this system
minimize the introduction of foreign substances such as insect
eggs and green moulds which can spoil the crops.

Figure 19: 30-day yield of mushroom fruiting bags
The everyday workload when using conventional cultivation
method is compared when using the system. Figure 20 and 21
show the daily workload of using the conventional method and
this system, respectively. It illustrates that the frequency at
which the farmer needs to be present in the growing house when
using the conventional method is significantly greater than when
using the system. It means that farmers can save time by using
this system.
Figure 20: Farmer’s Workload using Conventional Mushroom
Cultivation
Figure 21: Farmer’s Workload using this system
The proponents conducted a system evaluation of the developed
system for its functionality, reliability, efficiency, usability,
maintainability, and portability. Survey instruments were
administered among 25 respondents; sixteen (15) mushroom
cultivators, and ten (10) computer system professionals.
Table 5: System Acceptability Evaluation Summary
Table 5 shows the acceptability of the system from the results of
the evaluation survey. An average of 4.29 for functional
suitability means that the system is able to provide the correct
and appropriate needs of its users. The functionality of the
system was evaluated as “Good” by the respondents.
The evaluation of reliability as “Good” with a score of 4.31
signifies that the system is working and providing consistent
output under operational conditions, and is able to recover data
in case of interruption or error.
The performance efficiency is evaluated as “Good” with an
average score of 4.46, which is the highest among the six
criteria. This signifies that the system is able to deliver the
needed output of the user in a timely manner. The system has a
user-friendly interface which is easily understood, learned, and
operated, and it prevents users from making errors from inputs
based on the evaluation of the usability criteria which earned an
average score of 4.41 equivalent to “Good” description. The
maintainability was evaluated as “Good” by respondents with an
average score of 4.28. This means that respondents agree that the
system can be easily repaired, and modified to meet user needs.
Portability is considered as “Good” based on the 4.32 average
score given by the respondents. This means that the system is
comparable to existing systems of the same purpose.
Overall, the system is evaluated as “Good” with an average
score of 4.35. This signifies that the system is acceptable from
the perspective of mushroom farmers and computer system
professionals.
4. CONCLUSION
The developed system “IoT – based Pleurotus ostreatus
Cultivation Monitoring System” has successfully been
implemented. The system can water the mushroom fruiting bags
by automatically switching the water pumps depending on the
set schedule in sync with real time. The system can execute
necessary functions to monitor and control the humidity and
temperature levels inside the growing house; the humidity level
can be maintained at least 60%. On the other hand, the
temperature can be maintained to 30°C and below when the
ambient temperature is 35°C or below. Current humidity and
temperature levels inside the growing house can be monitored by
the user through the control unit display, and android
application. The android application can be utilized by the user
to set watering schedules, and view the historical data of the
humidity and temperature levels inside the growing house. The
developed system is comparable to manual mushroom
cultivation method in terms of the control of environment,
watering, and output yield which helps the farmers to save time
without degrading the quality of farming, Mushroom cultivators,
and electronic and computer systems experts evaluated the
system as acceptable for its functionality, reliability, efficiency,
usability, maintainability, and portability.
5. RECOMMENDATION
For future researchers who wishes to upgrade and strengthen the
development of the system, the following are recommended for
consideration: better wall and roof insulation to minimize the
effect of sun’s heat to the internal temperature of the growing
house, better cooling and ventilation system for effective control
of temperature level, switch from electro-mechanical relay to
solid state relays for large farms to be able to upgrade to more
powerful pumps, humidifier and other components, application
of artificial intelligence and robotic arms for the automation of
harvesting, and better user-friendly application design like
showing historical data on the android application as line graphs
rather than list of logs for better viewing.
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The proponents would like to express their sincerest gratitude to
all the people who have been a great help throughout the
accomplishment of this study.
The proponents would like to thank their dear parents, relatives,
and friends who supported and encouraged us in different ways,
either morally, emotionally, financially, or informationally.
The proponents would also like to thank the Cabalen Mushroom
Farmers, specifically, Bie Marangle, Rhon’s Mushroom Farm,
and Aldwin Yusi, for imparting their knowledge about
mushroom farming as well as letting us explore and study their
respective farms.
To our thesis adviser, Engr. Ruby Rosa N. Puno, for her endless
support, guidance, and kind spirit throughout every process of
this study, the proponents offer their sincere gratitude.
To our CpE Practice and Design 2 instructor, Engr. Asil Kastle [10]. Stephanie , Glen. "Percent Error / Percent Difference:
S. Dela Cruz, for her never-ending patience, kindness, and for all Definition, Examples" Retrieved from
the considerations, without these, the study could not have seen https://www.statisticshowto.com/percent-error-
its goal, the proponents offer their sincere gratitude. difference/Haryanto, Ulum .M., Ibadillah.A.F.,
Alfita.R., Aji.K. and Rizkyandi.R. (2018) “Smart
The proponents would also like to acknowledge with much aquaponic system based Internet of Things (IoT).”IOP
appreciation the role of Mario I. Salamat II, Maybelle G. Santos, Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1211
and Kim Aron S. Timbol, who closely guided and supervised the (2019) 012047, doi:10.1088/1742- 6596/1211/1/01204
proponents on the right way of oyster mushroom cultivation [11]. Inflectra .2022. Software Testing Methodologies -
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