Specification For Pressure Vessels-2

THIS DO CUMENT CONTAINS CTCI CORPORATION CONFIDENTIAL I NFORMATION OF A PROPRIETARY NATURE.
THIS INFORMATIO N MUST NOT BE CO PIE D OR DI SCLOSED IN
CTCI PROJECT NO. 14E1787A

WHOLE O R IN PART TO OUT SIDE PARTIES NO R USED FO R OTHER THAN THE PURPO SE FOR WHICH PROVIDED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF MANAG EMENT.
USI Corporation
USI CBC Project
SPECIFICATION
FOR
PRESSURE VESSEL
1 PYCC - PH Lin 7/10 14

1 L.C.W. - PH Lin 9/24 13
0 Y.K.T - PH Lin 5/20 13
REV. BY CHK. APPR. DATE
USI Corporation
USI Corporation
1 For Design Hou H.C.Lin H.C.Lin 7/8 4 CERTIFIED

1 For Design Hou H.C.Lin H.C.Lin 9/20 PROJ.
84.10
0 For Approval Hou H.C.Lin H.C.Lin 5/13 MGR. Julia Chen DATE 7/9 14
A For Comment Hou H.C.Lin W.T.Y 4/15 CLIENT DATE
GN-504
PAGE USI
REV. DESCRIPTION BY CHK. APPR. DATE
1 of 32 CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
CTCI CONFIDENTIAL
THIS DO CUMENT CONTAINS CTCI CORPORATION CONFIDENTIAL I NFORMATION OF A PROPRIETARY NATURE. THIS INFORMATIO N MUST NOT BE CO PIED OR DI SCL OSED IN
CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 GENERAL..........................................................................................3
WHOLE O R IN PART TO OUT SIDE PARTIES NO R USED FO R OTHER THAN THE PURPO SE FOR WHICH PROVIDED WITHOUT PERMI SSION OF MANAG EMENT.
2.0 MATERIAL.........................................................................................4
3.0 DESIGN .............................................................................................8
4.0 FABRICATION.................................................................................21
5.0 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES .......................................................28
6.0 PAINTING, INSULATION AND FIREPROOFING ............................28
7.0 FABRICATOR'S SHOP DRAWINGS ..............................................29
8.0 NAMEPLATE AND MARKING ........................................................30
9.0 SHIPMENT .....................................................................................31

84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
PAGE DATE:2013/09/20
2 of 32 REV. : 1
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Scope and Regulation
1.1.1 This specification, together with CTCI's vessel standards or data sheets,
covers the minimum requirements for the materials, design, fabrication,
shop drawings, testing & inspection of fusion welding unfired pressure

vessels.
1.1.2 Any conflict between the requirements of this specification, data sheets
and vessel drawings shall be called to CTCI's attention for resolution
before proceeding with fabrication.
1.1.3 The vessel Vendor shall guarantee the strength of the vessels, and also
guarantee the vessels against defective material, poor workmanship of
failure from normal usage. The guarantee shall be for a period mentioned
in requisition. Within that period, the Vendor at his expense shall repair or
provide replacement of any defects or correct any deficiencies.
1.1.4 Vessel Vendor shall provide a complete vessel including all

appurtenances and components shown on vessel drawings or data
sheets and/or required by applicable specification(s). Exceptions to
above shall only be those items specifically excluded in applicable
Purchaser's documents.
1.2 Code and Standard
The vessels and their components shall conform to the latest editions of
Standards and Codes listed below, and these Codes and Standards shall form a
part of this specification:
1.2.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Section II - Material Specification
Section V - Non-Destructive Examination
Section VIII, Div. 1 - Unfired Pressure Vessels
Section IX - Welding and Brazing Qualification
But pressure vessel that is parts of steam generating equipment shall

be designed in accordance with Section I of the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code.
1.2.2 ASTM Specifications
1.2.3 ASME B16.5 - Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings for size 24
inch or smaller and Pressure classes 1500 or less.
For size 12 inch or smaller and pressure class 2500.
1.2.4 ASME B16.47 Series B- Larger Flange steel flanges, NPS26 through
84.10
NPS 60
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
3 of 32 REV. : 1
1.2.5 AWS Specifications for welding electrode and filler.
1.2.6 "CNS Safety Inspection Regulation for Dangerous Machinery and

Equipment" - For pressure vessels to be fabricated in Taiwan R.O.C.
1.2.7 CTCI's Vessel Standard Drawings.

1.3 Code Requirements
1.3.1 Pressure vessels shall be supplied all materials, designed,

fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with the ASME Code,
Sect. VIII, Div.1.
1.3.2 The pressure vessels supplied all materials, designed, fabricated,

inspected and tested in Taiwan shall be in accordance with the
ASME Code which has been approved by the government and this
specification, including getting the government certificates of
pressure vessels.
1.3.3 For pressure vessels not fabricated in Taiwan, Manufacturers shall

hold certificates of authorization of the ASME Code stamp and
vessels shall also be stamped with the Code symbols.
1.3.4 When vessels are categorized to the CNS high pressure gas
equipment, the following shall be followed:
A. The tightness leak test shall be performed after the hydrostatic

test.
B. The tightness leak test pressure is above the design pressure

and shall be held at least 10 minutes.
C. The cleaning dry air or nitrogen gas shall be used during the
tightness test.
D. The metal temperature during tightness leak shall be at least

17 above the Minimum Design Metal Temperature(MDMT) of
the vessel to minimize the risk of brittle fracture.
E. The acceptance of tightness leak test is to inspect all welding

seams and connections by using soap bubble, and no leakage
is allowed. If a leakage occurs, Manufacturers shall perform
this test again after patching up the leakage.
F. An ASME accredited authorized inspector (AI) shall execute

the inspection work during the tightness test to ensure the
quality and then sign on the tightness test certificate, if vessels
are not fabricated in Taiwan.
2.0 MATERIAL
2.1 General
84.10
2.1.1 For specific materials for construction required, refer to vessel drawings
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
4 of 32 REV. : 1
or data sheets. Material substitutions shall not be made without prior
written approval from Purchaser.
2.1.2 Vessel materials shall conform to requirements of the Code. Materials

for pressure parts shall be produced by the electric furnace, basic
oxygen or open-hearth processes, unless otherwise specified on
Purchaser's data sheet or vessel drawing.
2.1.3 Proposals to use material having a specified maximum tensile strength

greater than 6329 kg/cm2 (90,000 psi) at room temperature shall be
submitted to Purchaser for written approval.
2.1.4 The use of C-1/2 Mo plate or forging is to be avoided in vessel fabrication.

Approval by Purchaser and CTCI is required for each every usage.
2.1.5 When normalized and tempered materials are specified, the tempering
shall be performed prior to any welding unless specifically otherwise
authorized in writing by Purchaser. The minimum tempering
temperature shall be 28 (50 ) higher than the nominal temperature
required for post weld heat treatment.
2.1.6 Mill test reports shall meet the Code requirements. In addition, for
components that will be subjected to PWHT, the mill test reports shall
be based on specimens that have received a simulated PWHT
(supplementary Requirement S3 of A-20) for the following:
A. Carbon steel parts that are post weld heat treated in excess of
663 (1225 ).
B. Carbon steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths equal to or

greater than 4923 kg/cm2 (70,000 psi).
C. All materials other than carbon steel, except C-1/2 Mo through

9Cr-1 Mo that are furnished in the annealed only condition.
2.1.7 If simulated PWHT of mechanical test coupons are required by

Paragraph 2.1.6, material to be procured shall be capable of
withstanding at least one PWHT to follow the final PWHT. This is to
allow for repairs that may be necessary after the final PWHT. In
ordering materials for vessels subjected to PWHT, it shall be noted that
the total heat treatment for some parts might be controlled not by their
own thickness, but rather by those of thicker components elsewhere in
the vessel.
2.2 Plate Material
2.2.1 Steel plates exceeding 25 mm in thickness that are used for vessel
pressure parts shall be ultrasonically inspected per ASTM A-435, latest
edition. The ultrasonic inspection shall certify that the plate is sound and
that no defects such as pipes, ruptures, or laminations exist along
edges to be welded or in area that will be cut out for installation of
nozzles and other connections.
2.2.2 Quenched and tempered plate shall not be used for any pressure-
containing part without prior approval by purchaser and CTCI.
84.10
2.2.3 When carbon steel (CS) is specified on vessel drawing(s), the following
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
5 of 32 REV. : 1
grades of carbon steel shall be used:
A. For pressure plate of thickness less than 19-mm use A285-C,

A516-55, A516-60, A516-65 or A516-70.
B. For pressure plate of thickness equal to or greater than 19 mm

use A516-55, 60, 65 or 70.
C. For bolted internals and for external plate or external structural

shapes welded to pressure parts use A36, A283, A285, or
A516.However, A36 or A283materialshall not be used, when
vessel design temperature exceeds 343 (650 ).
D. For internal plates welded to pressure parts use A 285-C or

A516.
2.2.4 When carbon steel silicon killed (CS Si Killed) is specified on vessel
drawing(s), the following grades of carbon steel shall be used:
A. For pressure plate use A516-55, 60, 65, or 70.
B. For bolted internals and/or for external plate or external structural

shapes welded to pressure part use A36, A283, A285 or
A516.However, A36 or A283 material shall not be used, when
vessel design temperature exceeds 243 (650 ).
C. For internal plates welded to pressure parts use A516.
2.2.5 Unless otherwise specified elsewhere or unless otherwise required by

the ASME material specification under consideration, all plate shall be
supplied in the "as-rolled" condition. All Monel parts, however, shall be
supplied in the annealed condition.
2.2.6 Skirts attached to the vessels which design temperatures are lower than
-28.9 (-20 ) or higher than 343 (650 ) shall have, as a minimum,
the upper 900mm of skirt made of the same material as the vessel part
to which they are attached. All external attachments, such as pipe
support, platform, ladder clips, etc. Attached to such vessels shall be
the same material as the vessel part to which they are attached.
2.2.7 Vertical vessels are made of alloy steel shall have the upper end 450
mm min. length of the skirt the same material as used for the vessel.
2.3 Forging Materials
2.3.1 When carbon steel or carbon steel silicon killed is specified on vessel
drawings, A105, A266 and A765 shall be used.
2.3.2 A182, A350, A336 or A965 of a grade correspond to vessel material for
alloy steel vessel.
2.3.3 The use of A-181 grade and A350 grade LF1 materials shall require
approval of purchaser.
2.4 Pipe
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
6 of 32 REV. : 1
2.4.1 For carbon steel pressure piping, the following grades shall be used:
A. When carbon steel is specified, use seamless A53-B or A106-B.

However, close coiled or cold bent piping shall be seamless
A53-A or A106-A.
B. When carbon steel silicon killed is specified, use A106-B.

However, close coiled or cold bent piping shall be A106-A.
2.4.2 For carbon steel non-pressure piping use A53 or A106.
2.4.3 For alloy steel vessel, material of a grade corresponding to vessel

material, such as A312, A333 or A335 shall be used.
2.5 Bolts & Nuts
2.5.1 All pressure bolting shall conform to the requirements of the Code.
Pressure bolts shall be:
Design Temperature Material
450 (842 ) 593 (1100 ) A-193-B16

-28.9 (-20 ) 450 (842 ) A-193-B7
-84 (-120 ) -29 (-20 ) A-320L7
-198 (-325 ) -84 (-120 ) A-320B8
Nuts shall be:
Design Temperature Material
Above 565 (1050 ) A-194-3
427 (800 ) 565 (1050 ) A-194-4
-28.9 (-20 ) 427 (800 ) A-194-2H
2.5.2 Vessel internals made of carbon steel that are joined by bolting shall
use A-193, Grade B-6 bolts and A-194, Grade 6 (AISI 410) nuts. Bolting
materials for joining higher alloys shall match the material they join.
2.6 Gaskets
2.6.1 Material for gasket shall be as specified on vessel drawings or data

sheets.
2.6.2 Asbestos material shall not be used including filler material.
2.6.3 Spiral wound gaskets, when specified, shall be Flexitallic CG, or equal,
and shall be fabricated of either 304 or 316 stainless steel spiral winding
and non-asbestos fill material, and shall have a solid metal carbon steel
outer ring.
2.6.4 When double metal-jacketed non-asbestos filled gaskets are required,

material for metal jackets shall be as specified on vessel drawing or
84.10
data sheets.
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
7 of 32 REV. : 1
2.6.5 When ring type joint gaskets are specified, material shall be softer than
material of mating flanges to avoid deformation of flange grooves.
2.7 Clad and Lined Material
2.7.1 Material for backing plate and cladding or lining shall be as specified on
the vessel drawings or data sheets.
2.7.2 Alloy strip lining and integrally clad material shall be as following:
Lining or Cladding Mat'l Applicable ASTM Standards
Alloy Strip Integrally Clad Type

Monel (70 Ni 30 Cu) B127 A265 Annealed
Ferritic Stainless Steel A240 A263 410S (0.8% C
(13Cr) Max.) 405 With
No.1 Finish
Austenitic Stainless Steel A240 A264 304 or 304L
(18 Cr 8 Ni) 316 or 316L
321 or 347
Inconel (75 Ni 15 Cr 7 Fe) B168 A265 Annealed
Incoloy (35 Ni 23 Cr 40 B409 A265 Annealed

Fe)
2.7.3 All integrally clad plate shall satisfy the requirements of the code
paragraph UCL-11 for shear or bond strength.
2.7.4 Clad plate with austenitic stainless cladding in corrosive service shall
use stabilized grades of stainless steels.
2.8 The same plate material specification shall be used for reinforcing pads as for
the vessel parts to which they are attached. For clad plate construction,
reinforcement pads shall be of the same material as the backing plate material.
3.0 DESIGN
3.1 Design Pressure
3.1.1 Vessel design pressure, internal or external, shall be as specified of

Purchaser's data sheet or vessel drawings.
3.1.2 Vessels normally subject to internal pressure but connected to the

suction of a compressor or other evacuating equipment shall be
designed for full vacuum if not protected by vacuum relief devices.
3.1.3 Design external pressure in inner shell of jacked vessels shall be the set
pressure of jacket relief valve. For vessels operating under internal
vacuum an additional 1.06 kg/cm2 shall be added.
84.10
3.1.4 Vessel without pressure relieving devices shall be provided with an

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
8 of 32 REV. : 1
outlet that can not be completely blocked off. The minimum outlet
opening shall be sized so that the maximum pressure that can be

developed in vessel is not greater than the design pressure.
3.1.5 Except as specified in Paragraph 3.1.7, the design pressure shall be

considered to be acting at the top of the vessel and the design
temperature shall be assumed applicable to the entire vessel. The
vessel components at lower elevations shall be designed for the design

pressure plus the hydrostatic head of the maximum level of operating
liquid, plus any additive pressure drop at the elevation under
consideration.
3.1.6 When the vessel is divided into pressure and/or temperature zones, the
design pressure shown on the vessel drawing for each zone shall
include the effect of liquid head (if present) and any additive pressure
drop.
3.1.7 The common component(s) of multi-chamber or compartment vessels

shall be designed for the most severe combination of pressure and
temperature conditions. Due consideration shall be given to vacuum
acting adjacent to a pressurized chamber. Design solely on the basis of
simultaneous loading in adjacent compartments is prohibited.
3.1.8 The hydrostatic test pressure at the top of each section of a vessel shall
be per paragraph UG-99(c) of Code.
3.1.9 A future hydrostatic test pressure on a fully corroded vessel in its

operating position shall be per Paragraph UG-99 (b) of Code, and be
considered as a loading condition.
3.2 Design Temperature
3.2.1 Vessel design temperature shall be as specified on CTCI's data sheet or

vessel standard drawings.
3.2.2 When different metal temperature can definitely be predicted to occur

for different zones of a vessel during operation, these different
temperatures may be taken into account in the design of the zones
affected.
3.3 Corrosion Allowance
3.3.1 The corrosion allowance shall be specified on vessel drawings or data

sheets.
3.3.2 For parts whose corrosion allowances are not defined on vessel
drawing(s) or elsewhere, the following rules shall apply:
A. For bolted removable parts, corrosion allowance shall be equal

to one-half of the corrosion allowance of adjacent shell,
assuming shell and parts in question are of same material, and
shall be added to each face of part in contact with the vessel
fluid.
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
9 of 32 REV. : 1
B. For non-removable attachments and welds in contact with the
process fluid, the full corrosion allowance of adjacent shell,

assuming shell and non removable attachment are of same
material, shall be added to each surface in contact with the
vessel fluid.
3.3.3 For compartment type, the specified corrosion allowance shall be added
to each side of the internal head or partition.
3.3.4 The corrosion allowance of integrally clad or of weld overlaid

components shall be the same as the cladding or weld overlay
thickness, which shall be as noted on vessel drawings or data sheets.
3.3.5 The thickness of cladding shall be no less than 3 mm, and not be
included in design calculation for strength.
3.3.6 The corrosion allowance of skirt shall be no less than 1mm.
3.4 Basic Allowable Stress
3.4.1 The basic allowable stresses for pressure Parts shall be the values
established by the Code.
3.4.2 Anchor bolting shall be designed with a basic allowable tensile stress as
per AISC 0.33 time ultimate tensile strength.
3.4.3 The maximum stress in the supports and support skirts of vessels
resulting from design loads shall not exceed the stress limits given in
Code Paragraph UG-23.
3.4.4 Stress of load combination involving hydrostatic test loading, the

following requirements shall be met:
A. Tensile membrane stresses shall not exceed 90% of the

minimum specified yield strength of the material at 37.8 (100
) times the applicable joint efficiency of the material.
B. Longitudinal compressive membrane stresses shall not exceed

the allowable stress calculated at 100 specified in Paragraph
UG-23 (b) of the Code.
C. Requirements of Paragraph 3.7.4 of this specification shall be

carefully noted and followed.
3.5 Loading Conditions
3.5.1 Design pressures and temperatures should be shown in Contractor's

drawings or data sheets with the following considerations:
A. Design pressures do not include the liquid head unless

otherwise indicated. (Design pressure applies at top of vessel i.e.
liquid head shall be added for the design.)
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
10 of 32 REV. : 1
B.
trays, packed beds or vessel components where so specified.
C. Multi-compartment vessels shall have their common

component(s) designed for the maximum pressure/temperature
condition. This will normally be with either the vessel in
shutdown condition or the other in operating
3.5.2 Full wind and earthquake loads shall be assumed not to occur
simultaneously.
3.5.3 The vessel strengths shall be verified considering test, road, and ocean
transport, erection and operation conditions.
3.5.4 Contractor design shall allow for pressure and stiffness thrusts from
expansion joints, if any, thrusts or friction loads from piping, and any
differential expansion between vessel components or between the
vessel and supports.
3.5.5 Deflection and wind induced vibration
A. The maximum deflection of a column due to wind loading shall

not exceed L/200, where L is the length of column including the
skirt length.
B. Wind-induced Vibration
(a) Vertical vessels shall be checked for wind-induced vibration

when:
H > 30 m with H/D ratio > 15
or when
W
25
HD2
where
H: is the height of vessels with the support skirt in feet
D: is the diameter of vessels in feet(For multi-diameter

vessels the diameter shall equal the weighted diameter of
the top one third)
W: is the weight of the vessel in pounds in operating

conditions
(b) The use of spoilers (vortex breakers), or guying in order to

stabilize the vessels is prohibited.
Design changes required are available for examples: changes
in thickness, diameter, flaring the skirt, in order to maintain
stresses and amplitude within allowable limits
(c) The fatigue life of those vessels susceptible to wind induced

vibration shall be a minimum of one million cycles (106
cycles), unless otherwise specified.
The fatigue curve in the ASME Code, Sect. VIII, Div.2 shall be
used for the materials at specified temperature.
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
11 of 32 REV. : 1
3.6 Other calculations
3.6.1 Wall thickness of horizontal vessels shall have sufficient strengths to

withstand circumferential buckling, local bending moment and shear
stress. Stresses due to saddle supports on horizontal vessels shall be
checked in accordance with L. P. Zick method or equivalent.
3.6.2 Complete detailed calculations shall be provided for lug type supports,
when used. The calculations shall include the effects on the vessel shell
local to the attachment.
3.6.3 Local stresses due to external loads on nozzles or brackets shall be

calculated in accordance with the method given in Welding Research
Council (WRC) bulletin 107/297 or other approved methods, such as
FEA method, when required.
The resulting stresses shall be evaluated using the criteria of the ASME
Code, Sect. VIII, Div.2. The minimum nozzle force and moment show in
Appendix-2 of this specification.
3.6.4 Thermal design shall be in accordance with process data sheets or

project specifications and the ASME Code requirements.
3.6.5 In case cyclic services are occurred, the life cycle shall be a minimum of
106 cycles, unless otherwise specified.
3.6.6 Cyclic services are required fatigue analysis per paragraph 5.5 of part 5,
the ASME Code, Sect. VIII, Div.2. There is applied to Div.1 and Div.2 of
the ASME Code, Sect. VIII.
3.7 Heads, Conical Transition and Shells
3.7.1 All heads shall conform with Code regulations and to additional
requirements listed below:
A. All heads shall preferably be of one-piece construction. If

weldment is required, the welding joint shall be 100%
radiography.
B. All heads shall, as a general rule, be 2:1 ellipsoidal heads.

Ellipsoidal heads shall have, as a minimum thickness, the
thickness of the adjacent cylindrical shell.
C. Hemispherical heads may be used when required by the design

condition.
D. Torispherical and toriconical heads shall meet the following

requirements:
(a) When used as the bottom head of a skirt supported vessel,

the inside radius of the toroidal section shall be no less than
16.5% of the inside diameter of the adjoining cylindrical
shell.
(b) Torispherical and toriconical heads with radius of toroidal

84.10
section less than 16.5%, but more than 6.5% of the

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
12 of 32 REV. : 1
diameter of the adjoining cylindrical shell may only be used
as top heads of vertical vessels or as end heads of

horizontal vessels designed for internal pressures of less
than 7 kg/cm2 (100 psig).
(c) Apex angle of the conical portion of toriconical heads shall

not exceed 60 degrees.
E. Conical heads shall conform to Code regulation. A toroidal

transition shall be used, when one of following conditions is met:
(a) Design pressure greater than 7 kg/cm2, or design

temperature in excess of 230 .
(b) Material thickness of 25 mm or greater.
(c) Equipment containing hydrocarbons or other hazardous

materials.
3.7.2 Conical transitions shall conform with Code requirements and to

additional requirements listed below:
A. Apex angle of conical transitions shall not exceed 60 degrees.
B. The need for toroidal transition sections and/or stiffeners at the

ends of conical transitions shall be as required per the Code,
unless more restrictive requirements are shown on vessel
drawings.
C. Inside radius for all reverse knuckles of conical transition

sections where reverse knuckles are used shall be no less than
10% of the outside diameter of the adjoining cylindrical section.
3.7.3 Unless otherwise required by the Code, straight flanges of heads shall
not exceed 50 mm in length.
3.7.4 If the diameter to thickness ratio of an ellipsoidal, torispherical, or
toriconical head or of a torus in a conical transition exceeds 70 for
stainless steel and 200 for carbon steel, a check shall be made by
vessel Vendor to insure that wrinkling during hydro-test will not occur.
An acceptable analysis method is that in the paper "Design of Thin-
Walled Torispherical and Toriconical Pressure-Vessel Heads" by
R.T.Shield and D.C. Drucker. Corroded head thickness shall be used in
calculations. Hydro-test pressure shall not exceed 90% of the lower
bound of limit pressure.
3.7.5 Unless otherwise required, Heads and transitions shall be spun or
pressed from blanks of sufficient thickness to obtain the minimum
required thickness specified on vessel drawing(s).
3.7.6 The minimum thickness of vessel shells and heads, when new, shall be
the larger of the following:
Vessel ID (mm)
a. + 2.5 (mm) + Corrosion Allowance
1000
84.10
b. 5 mm + Corrosion Allowance
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
13 of 32 REV. : 1
c. 10 mm + Clad Thickness (For clad vessels only)
d. Paragraph UG-16 (b) of code
3.7.7 Vessel heads upon which agitators are mounted shall be designed with
adequate thickness and stiffness to prevent overstressing and/or
excessive deflections resulting from static and dynamic loads imparted
by the agitators.
3.8 Vessel Support
3.8.1 Vessel shall be designed to be self-supporting. The type and location of

vessel supports shall be as specified on vessel drawings. The supports
shall be continuously welded to the vessel.
3.8.2 Requirements of non-mandatory Appendix G of Code, "Suggested

Good Practice Regarding Piping Reactions and Design of Supports and
Attachments" shall be regarded as mandatory.
3.8.3 The number and size of anchor bolts required shall be as shown on
vessel drawings. Anchor bolts and nuts will be supplied by others.
Anchor bolts of vertical vessels shall straddle north-south centerline.
3.8.4 Minimum requirements for skirt-supported vessels are as follows:
A. For vessels with design temperatures in excess of 370 (700 )

skirt thickness shall be no less than 13mm, unless a thinner skirt
thickness is shown on vessel drawings.
B. Minimum detail requirements for vessel bass support chairs

Vessel Standards XE11-STC-0001(STC-01.01).
Actual base support chairs used shall be such that bearing
stresses on concrete under any of the load combinations
specified shall not exceed 52.7 kg/cm2 (750 psi).
C. Skirt access openings and vent openings shall be provided and

Vessel Standards
XE11-STC-0001(STC-01.01).
D. Details of openings in skirt to allow passage of piping shall be

Vessel XE11-STC-
0001(STC-01.01).
E. Details of skirt to vessel welds shall be per applicable

Vessel Standards XE11-STC-0001(STC-
01.01). All skirt seams shall be made with full penetration butt
welds. If base rings are fabricated from segments, these shall
be joined with full penetration butt welds.
3.8.5 Detail for lug type supports shall be as shown on vessel drawings. The
minimum thickness of plate shall be 12 mm for base plate and 10 mm
gusset plate.
84.10
3.8.6 Leg supports shall not be used for vessels meeting any one of the
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
14 of 32 REV. : 1
following conditions:
A. Maximum operating temperature exceeding 230 (450 ).
B. Vessel in cyclic or pulsating service.
C. Vessel diameter larger than 1650 mm.

D. Tangent to tangent length of vessel in excess of 6.0 m.
E. Bottom tangent line of vessel located more than 2.1 m above

base plate of legs.
F. Vessels that support agitators.
The minimum requirements for leg supported vessels shall be per

3.8.7 The minimum requirements of saddles of saddle-supported drums shall

3.9 Nozzles and Connections
3.9.1 Number, size and location of vessel nozzles and manholes shall be as
shown on vessel drawings or data sheets. Nozzles shall be located so
the outside edge of the nozzle neck or reinforcing pad does not extend
into the knuckle portion of heads. The size of openings in hemispherical,
ellipsoidal, or torispherical heads shall not exceed one-half the inside
diameter of the adjacent cylindrical shell, unless otherwise approved in
writing by Purchaser. Openings in heads larger than one-half the
diameter of the adjacent cylindrical shell shall be made with a cone. The
need for toroidal transition sections at the ends of the cone shall be as
specified on vessel drawings and meet the requirement of Paragraph
3.7.2.
3.9.2 All nozzle connections shall be flanged except as permitted in

paragraph 3.9.3 below. Normally, slip-on, lap joint flanges shall not be
used unless otherwise specified.
3.9.3 The minimum size of flanged connection shall be 1-1/2 inch, except in
certain class 1 inch size long welding neck type flanged nozzle may be
used. For alloy lined nozzles the minimum size shall be 2 inched.
Connections 1 inch and smaller may be made with 6000# forged steel
couplings and shall be limited to vessel for which design pressure and
temperature is less than 42 kg/cm2g and 232 , respectively.
3.9.4 Nozzles of nominal diameter 1-1/4 inches, 2-1/2 inches, 3-1/2 inches
and 5 inches shall not be used.
3.9.5 Nozzle and manhole necks shall be made from forging, from seamless
pipe or from rolled plate using full penetration welds. Nozzles neck 18
inch or over shall be rolled plate.
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
15 of 32 REV. : 1
3.9.6 Nozzle neck shall be suitable for the applicable loading, however, the
minimum neck thickness, for all nozzles, manholes and inspection

openings shall not be less than the smaller of:
A. Thickness required for pressure of shell or head to which the

nozzle is attached, calculated with a joint efficiency of 100%,
plus the specified corrosion allowance.
B. Vessel STD XE11-STC-001(STC-

02.02).
3.9.7 Flanged not within the scope listed in Paragraph 1.2.3, 1.2.4 shall
design in accordance with the rules of Appendix 2, Section VIII, Div. 1 of
ASME.
3.9.8 Class 400 flanges shall not be used.
3.9.9 Unless otherwise noted, nozzle projection from the outside of the shell
Vessel
Standards XE11-STC-0001(STC-02.01).
3.9.10 Unless a specific type of flange is specified on vessel drawings or data

sheets, the following rules shall dictate the selection of flange type:
A. Self-reinforcing and long welding neck flanges are acceptable

for all services and sizes.
B. Welding neck flanges are acceptable for nozzles over 2 inches

nominal diameter in all service. Welding neck flanges shall have
the same I.D. as the attached nozzle neck.
C. The use of slip on flanges shall be limited as follows:
(a) Nozzle must be over 2 inches nominal diameter.
(b) ASME Standard forged flanges for design pressure and

temperatures not exceeding the pressure-temperature ratings
for Class 300 flanges as specified in ASME Standard B16.5.
(c) Maximum operating temperature of vessel must not exceed

370 (700 ).
(d) Vessel must be in non-cyclic, non-erosive service.
(e) Nozzle must be in service in which lifting attachment,

radioactive source holder, agitator, re-boiler or pump is not
mounted on the flange.
(f) The vessel corrosion allowance does not exceed 3 mm (1/8

inch).
D. The use of lap joint flanges shall be limited as follows:
(a) Nozzle must be over 2 inches nominal diameter, but not

exceeding 30 inches.
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
16 of 32 REV. : 1
(b) Rating of flange must not exceed ASME B16.5 Class 300.
(c) Vessel must not be in vacuum service.
(d) Maximum operating temperature of vessel must not exceed

230 (450 ).
(e) Vessel must be in non-cyclic, non-erosive service, non-

corrosive service.
(f) Nozzle must be in service in which lifting attachment,

radioactive source holder, agitator, reboiler, or pump is not
mounted on the flange.
3.9.11 Nominal diameter of manholes for vessels shall be 20 and 24 inches for
vessels without and with removable internals, respectively. Each
manhole or blinded nozzle shall be provided with a blind flange,
pressure bolting, and a gasket of the type and material specified on the
vessel drawings. Gaskets furnished with the vessel shall not be used for
testing. Vessel 1020 mm or less in diameter shall have hand holes for
inspection purposes and full opening closures for equipment removal
when required. Number and size of handholes shall be per paragraph
UG-46 of Code.
3.9.12 Davits or hinges and internal rungs shall be supplied for all manholes, unless
otherwise noted on vessel drawings. Internal rungs are not required,
however, for manholes located at trays. Details shall meet requirements of
Vessel Standards XE11-STC-0001(STC-05.01), "Manhole Davit Details",
of (STC-05.02), "Manhole Hinges", and of (STC-04.01) "Internal Rungs".
Manhole cover hinges and hinge bolts shall be in place before the vessel is
tested. The hinge bolts shall fit so that they can be turned freely by hand.
Covers shall be swung open to insure that no binding occurs.
3.9.13 For openings through 24 inches nominal diameter in vessels with 3 mm

(1/8 inch) or less corrosion allowance, manhole and blind covers shall
be in accordance with AMSE B16.5. For corrosion allowance over 3 mm
(1/8 inch) and sizes larger than 24 inches, manhole and blind nozzle
covers shall be designed per Code using plate or forging.
3.9.14 Manholes, handholes, vapor outlets, nozzles for pressure relief devices,
vents and drains shall be flush with the inside of the vessel and the
inside edge of the nozzle shall be rounded to a minimum of 3 mm radius
except for pipe less than 6 mm thick which shall be rounded to a radius
equal to one-half the wall thickness.
3.9.15 For vessels equipped with close fitting internal parts such as trays,
baffles, etc., all nozzles that may obstruct the entrance into the vessel,
and/or the assembly and the removal of such parts shall be flush with
the inside of the vessel and the inside edge ground to a smooth
curvature same as Paragraph 3.9.14.
3.9.16 On vertical skirt supported vessels, all nozzle flanges on the bottom
head shall be brought outside the skirt. Where flanges are used inside
the vessel skirt, a minimum clearance of 36 inches between the face of
84.10
the flange and the base of the skirt shall be maintained to provide
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
17 of 32 REV. : 1
maintenance clearance.
3.9.17 Nozzles and blind flanges in clad and/or weld-overlaid vessels shall be
subject to the following requirements:
A. For Monel or nickel clad or weld overlay vessels operating

below 204 (400 ) and not subject to post weld heat
treatment, nozzles and blind flanges shall be of one of the

following types:
(a) Solid Monel or nickel, respectively.
(b) Fabricated from clad plate or weld overlaid plate of the same
material as the base material. The cladding or weld overlay
material shall be the same as that in the vessel.
B. For other clad or weld overlay vessels, nozzles and blind

flanges shall be of one of the types listed below, unless
otherwise noted on Paragraphs 3.9.17.C and 3.9.17.D of this
specification.
(a) Fabricated from clad plate.
(b) Same material as base material of vessel and overlay with

weld metal of same composition of cladding or of weld overlay
of vessel.
(c) Nozzle of same material as base material of vessel with a

sleeve liner, the construction of liner shall get the approval of
Purchaser.
C. Weld overlay shall not be used on base metals less than 13 mm

thick unless vessel Vendor has proven ability to successfully
overlay thinner base metals. The overlay shall be deposited in at
least two passes.
D. Sleeve liners shall not be used in nozzles larger than 6 inches

nominal diameter or in any nozzle in vessels in hydrogen
service with a hydrogen partial pressure in excess of 7
kg/cm2.When sleeve liners are used in vacuum service, the
sleeve thickness shall be adequate to satisfy the requirements
of Code Paragraph UG-28.
3.9.18 Blind flanges for solid stainless steel vessels shall be stainless steel
forging or plate in nominal pipe size 3 inches and smaller and may be
stainless steel weld overlay or clad on carbon steel in nominal pipe
sizes 4 inches and larger. Weld overlay or cladding thickness after
machining shall be a minimum of 3 mm plus vessel corrosion allowance.
3.10 Reinforcement at Connections
3.10.1 Reinforcing pads or self-reinforcing connections of not less than Code

requirements shall be provided for all other openings in heads, shells,
84.10
cones or skirts. Reinforcing shall be calculated to satisfy the most

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
18 of 32 REV. : 1
restrictive of the following conditions:
A. Fully corroded vessel in operating position subject to maximum

allowable working pressure and to design temperature.
B. Fully corroded vessel in operating position subject to test pressure and

temperature conditions specified in Paragraph 3.1.9 of this specification.
C. Replacement of the indicated percentage of cross sectional metal

area removed from corroded pressure parts or skirt by the opening:
(a) 100% replacement for openings in cylindrical or conical shells

or skirts when the size of the opening exceeds the limits of
Paragraph UG-36 (b) or the Code.
(b) 75% replacement for other openings.
D. If it is determined that a reinforcing pad is required in order to

satisfy the requirements of paragraph 3.10.1, then the pad shall
be sized to provide 100% of the total reinforcement area
required.
3.10.2 Reinforcing pad thickness, in mm., shall not exceed 1.5 X t, where "t" is
the nominal thickness, in mm., of part containing opening being
reinforced.
3.10.3 Integral reinforcement of nozzle openings shall be provided under the

following conditions:
a. For vessels, in cyclic or thermal shock service -such as coke drums,

reformer reactors, etc.
b. For vessels with wall thickness excess 50 mm.
c. For vessel opening 36 inches and larger if design temperature is

427 (800 ).
3.10.4 Integral reinforcement required in Paragraph 3.10.3 may be provided by

insert plates of adequate thickness. The plates shall be circular except
that rectangular plates are permitted provided they extend to but do not
cross adjoining girth welds.
3.10.5 Normally split reinforcement pad shall not be used unless approved by
Purchaser or Owner. Where a split reinforcement pad is supplied, the
weld joining the pad halves shall be full penetration and oriented in the
circumferential direction of the shell. When a split pad is used on a fully
radiography vessel or on a seamless head, the weld joining the pad
halves shall be 100% radiography per Paragraph UW-51 of the Code.
3.10.6 Each reinforcing pad or segment, if more than one piece is used, shall
be provided with one 1/4 inch NPT telltale hole and the hole packed with
grease prior to shipment.
3.10.7 A 75-mm minimum corner radius is required for all reinforcing pads and
84.10
insert plates except at longitudinal and circumferential vessel seams.

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
19 of 32 REV. : 1
3.11 Gaskets and Flange Facings
3.11.1 Type of gaskets to be used shall be as specified on vessel drawings.
3.11.2 If "Non-asbestos" gaskets are specified on vessel drawings, gaskets

shall be 1/16 inch thick and with dimensions per ASME B16.21, Table 1
of latest revision. Flanges for non-asbestos gaskets shall be raised
faces with "stock" face finish. A smoother finish is not acceptable.
3.11.3 If "spiral wound" gaskets are specified on vessel drawings, gasket

dimensions shall be per API 601, Table 2 of latest revision. Flanges for
spiral wound gaskets shall be raised faces with "stock" finish, unless a
smoother finish is specified on vessel drawings. Note, however, that
flange surface finish smoother than 80 AARH is not acceptable.
3.11.4 If double metal-jacketed asbestos filled gasket is specified on vessel

drawings, they shall have dimensions per ASME B16.5 Appendix E,
Figures 5 or 7. All flanges for such gaskets shall be raised faces with a
smooth surface finish in accordance with MSS SP-6 of 125 RA or
smoother.
3.11.5 If ring type joint, "RTJ", gaskets are specified on vessel drawing(s), they
shall be of oval cross-section and shall have dimensions per ASME
B16.20, latest revision. Flange grooves shall be as required for gasket
dimensions. Bottom of groove shall be flat. Finish of flange groove shall
be very smooth, 63 RA or smoother.
3.11.6 All gasket seat surfaces shall be plane and true. If necessary, fabricated
flanges shall be machined after welding, heat treatment or other
fabrication steps resulted in warp or other distortion.
3.11.7 One set of new gaskets shall be supplied for each blanked nozzle,
manhole and handhole. One set of new gaskets shall be supplied for
internal gasket connections. All gaskets shall be packed in containers
suitable for field storage and fully identified with contents.
3.12 Bolting
3.12.1 Threads for studs and nuts shall be U.N.C. up to and including one-inch
diameter. Above one-inch diameter, eight (8) thread series shall be
furnished. Nuts shall conform to the dimensions of Heavy Hex nuts per
ASME Standard B18.2.2.
3.12.2 Bolting for external access manholes shall be no less than 3/4-inch
diameter. Nozzle/ girth flange bolt holes shall straddle on natural
horizontal and vertical centerline for horizontal vessel, and vertical or
north-south centerline for vertical vessel except otherwise specified.
3.12.3 Flanges for internal pressure piping and for manholes, handholes and
blanked connections shall be provided with one set of studs and nuts.
3.12.4 All bolts or studs are to be of one-piece construction without welding.

(This includes swing bolts for quick actuating closures. When used,
84.10
hinge pins shall be solid and of the same material as the swing bolts.)
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
20 of 32 REV. : 1
3.13 Other Vessel Internal
3.13.1 Internal connections shall be flanged inside the vessel. Except for HF
service, internal bolting shall not be used. Raised face gasket flanges
shall be used for internal flanged connections holding pressure. Unless
otherwise noted on vessel drawing(s), plate flanges with full-face
gaskets shall be used for non-pressure internal flanged connections.
3.13.2 All internals that are not welded to the shell shall be designed and
fabricated to pass through the vessel manholes.
3.13.3 Internal piping and baffles shall be mounted and supported in a manner
that will not restrict thermal expansion.
3.13.4 All vessel internals and all portions of each vessel shall be self-draining
to insure complete elimination of liquid from the vessel when drained.
3.13.5 Internal gratings for carbon steel vessels shall be as follows.
A. For vessels with 3 mm corrosion allowance, carbon steel grating

with twice the load carrying capacity required for the actual
design conditions shall be provided.
B. For vessels with 6 mm corrosion allowance, carbon steel grating

with four times the load carrying capacity required for the actual
design conditions shall be provided.
C. For vessels with corrosion allowance in excess of 6 mm, special

consideration shall be given.
Alloy material may substitute for all gratings for vessels with
corrosion allowance exceeding 3 mm, provided prior written
approval from purchaser.
3.14 Structural Attachments
3.14.1 All actual number and location of external attachment shall be specified
on vessel drawings.
3.14.2 For austenitic stainless steel vessels, external attachments of carbon

steel shall not be welded directly to the vessels. External attachments
shall be either of stainless steel or of carbon steel welded to an
intermediate stainless steel pad.
3.14.3 Lifting lugs shall be provided where necessary for construction, plant
operation and maintenance.
3.14.4 For purposes of mechanical design, it shall be assumed that vessel

platforms will be provided for access to all vessel manholes not
accessible from grade and that rest platforms will be provided as
required so that straight ladder runs do not exceed 9 meters in length.
84.10
4.0 FABRICATION
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
21 of 32 REV. : 1
4.1 General
4.1.1 Repair of pressure parts by drilling and tapping is not allowed.
4.1.2 Flame cutting for bolt holes or slots is not allowed.
4.1.3 When 304/304L stainless steel formed head used in design temperature
lower than -48 solution annealing shall be performed after head

forming.
4.2 Preheat, Welding and PWHT
4.2.1 Welding
A. Welded joints of ASME Code Categories A and B, and when used,

butt type Category C, shall be butt welds having full penetration
and fusion. Butt welds with one plate edge offset (ASME Figure
UW-13.1 (k)), and permanent weld joint backing strips are not
permitted.
B. All ASME Code Category joints shall be full penetration welds.

Unless otherwise shown on the vessel drawings, the joint
geometry shall be as given in Code Figure UW-16-1 (c), (g), (h),
(o), (q-1), (q-2), (q-3), (q-4), or (r-2).
C. Saddles and/or stiffening bands on horizontal vessels shall be

continuously welded to the vessels.
D. Internal shell attachments such as deck support angles, lugs, clips,

and seats shall be designed for welding to the vessel shell or head by
continuous fillet welds. Stitch welding shall be used in hydrogen
service.
E. The following rules shall supplement Code regulations regarding

layout of pressure weld seams:
(a) Shell plates shall be preferably laid out so that there will be a
minimum of welded seams.
(b) Girth seams shall not be covered by tray supports, stiffening

rings.
(c) Longitudinal seams shall not be covered by downcomer bars,

baffles or other longitudinal attachments.
(d) All longitudinal and girth seams shall be so located that

internal visual inspection can be made with as much of the
vessel internals in place as possible.
(e) Longitudinal joints shall be offset between courses by not less

than five times the plate thickness or 6 inches, whichever is
greater.
(f) Manholes, nozzles, their reinforcement, and non-pressure

external and internal attachments shall not be located within
84.10
50 mm of any weld unless weld meets the radiographic

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
22 of 32 REV. : 1
requirements of Paragraph UW-51 (b) of the Code for a length
equal to three times the diameter of the opening with the

center of the hole at mid-length. Defects that are completely
removed in cutting the hole shall not be considered in judging
the acceptability of the weld.
F. For stainless steel use in design temperature lower than -48 , the
ferrite content of weld shall be within 2%to 10%
4.2.2 Welding processes
A. Welding processes shall be one of the following; GTAW (Gas

Tungsten Arc Welding), SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding),
GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding), FCAW (Flux Cored Arc
Welding), or SAW (Submerged Arc Welding). However, GMAW
and FCAW shall not be used for cryogenic pressure vessels
used in the design temperature of -46 and below.
B. ESW (Electro-Slag-Welding) is permitted only for weld overlay

alloy lining.
C. SAW shall be of multi-pass, and fully mechanized SAW systems.

It shall not be used for repair welds.
D. The dip-transfer or short-arc mode GMAW is permitted only for

root welds in combination processes. GMAW in the spray
transfer mode shall not be used for the root pass.
E. FCAW without gas shielding is not permitted. Gas-shielded

FCAW shall be used by Contractor with proven experience of
this process at the discretion of Contractor and shall be
permitted only for the following conditions:
(a) The material is carbon steel or austenitic stainless steel.
(b) Design temperature is in the range of 0 to 350
(c) Weld thickness is less than 25 mm
(d) The vessel will not be post-weld heat-treated
F. For alloy materials containing more than 5% Cr, backing gas is

required for root pass welding of single side welded groove
welds by GTAW, GMAW, and FCAW welding process.
G. For automatic or semi-automatic weld processes, filler wire shall

be same composition as the parent plate. Alloy addition via
flux(except to make up losses) is not allowed.
4.2.3 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT)
A. PWHT shall be performed as the Code requirement or for lethal

substance service.
84.10
B. Post weld heat treatment shall be considered in the design of

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
23 of 32 REV. : 1
vessel subjected to stress corrosion.
C. When PWHT is required for the service of the vessel, welding on

vessel shall not be permitted after PWHT has been performed.
4.3 Examination and Inspection

4.3.1 General
A. Radiography, magnetic particle examination, dye penetrate

examination, ultrasonic examination, and other non-destructive
examination requirements shall be as required by the Code and
as supplemented on vessel drawings and in job specifications.
In case of conflict among requirements of these documents, the
most stringent requirements shall prevail.
B. The responsibility for examination rests with the vessels Vendor.

However Purchaser shall at all times have access to the shop of
the Vendor for the purpose of inspecting and, if necessary,
rejecting such material and work that does not meet with applicable
requirements.
C. Vessel Vendor shall notify Purchaser when vessel fabrication is

started and when the vessel is completed and ready for final
inspection and tests.
4.3.2 Radiography
A. Radiographic examination of weld joints shall be performed

when required by the Code or when specified on vessel
drawings or on applicable job specifications. Spot radiography to
obtain a joint efficiency of 0.85 is the minimum requirement for
all vessels.
B. Spot examination shall be in accordance with the Code, except

for the following additions:
(a) Spot radiographic examinations of manual welded seams shall

be made at all junctions and repairs of burn through unless
otherwise substituted by the Purchaser's inspection.
(b) Spot radiographic examinations of automatic welded seams

shall be made at all stops, repairs of burn through, and all
junctions, unless the Purchaser's inspector substitutes other
locations.
(c) Those portions of main welds, longitudinal and girth, which will be
covered by double plates, e.g. pad under pipe or platform support
clips and reinforcing pads around openings shall be completely
radiographed.
(d) At least, one radiograph showing not less than 350 mm of weld
shall be taken of each longitudinal and girth welded seam.
84.10
(e) All weld intersections shall be radiographed.

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
24 of 32 REV. : 1
C. Full radiography whether specified on vessel drawing(s) or
required by the Code shall be in accordance with the Code, with

the following additions:
(a) All circumferential butt welds including those joining weld-neck

flange or butt weld fitting to nozzle necks which will provide an
interpretable film when radiography are included.
(b) All Category C and D weld which will not produce an

interpretable film when radiography either by reason of joint
geometry or of obstruction of radiation source shall be
examined by the magnetic particle method for magnetic
materials or by dye penetrate method for non-magnetic
materials. Examination is required of the root pass after back
chipping or gouging to sound material, and the finished
surfaces of the weld. For nozzles with reinforcing pads, the
surface of the weld attaching the pad to the shell shall also be
examined.
D. Vessels in hydrogen service with hydrogen partial pressure

equal to or greater than 7 kg/cm2, shall satisfy the requirements
of paragraph 4.3.2.C
E. Clad and weld overlaid vessels shall be radiographed in

accordance with paragraph UCL-35 of the Code. Radiographs
of these vessels shall be taken prior to overlay welding of the
pressure joints.
F. Additional radiography requirements in these and other

applicable specifications shall also apply.
G. Radiographic film shall be Eastman Kodak Industrial Film Type

AA, or equal. Radiographic evaluation of the films shall be in
accordance with the Code.
H. All radiographs taken during fabrication shall be available for

examination by authorized inspector. Purchaser reserves the
option to approve final radiographs prior to shipment.
4.3.3 Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrate Examination
A. Magnetic particle and liquid penetrate examination shall be

performed when required by the Code or when specified on
vessel drawings or on applicable job specifications.
B. Any required magnetic particle or dye penetrate examination

shall be performed in accordance with requirements of
Appendices VI and VIII, respectively, of the Code.
C. All stainless steelweld overlays shall be liquid dye penetrate

examined. If overlay is to be machined, machined surfaces shall
also be examined.
D. For vessels requiring post weld heat treatment, magnetic

particle or liquid penetrate examination of completed welds shall
84.10
be performed after the post-weld heat treatment.

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
25 of 32 REV. : 1
E. The weld that attaches support skirts or support lugs to vessels
that are fully radiographed shall be magnetic particle or liquid

penetrate examined. Likewise, the attachment weld of all lifting
attachments shall be MT or PT examined.
F. Areas of ferritic alloy vessels to which temporary attachment,

such as lifting eyes, fit-up lugs, etc. have been attached shall be
ground smooth. Prior to hydro-test but after final post weld heat
treatment, if heat treatment is required, these areas as well as
any areas of base material showing evidence of arc strikes shall
be examined by magnetic particle or dye penetrate inspection.
Repairs of any cracks shall not be made until a repair welding
procedure has been approved by Purchaser.
G. Quenched and tempered plate shall require the following

additional inspection: Edges to be welded shall be shaped to the
final welding geometry and 100 percent magnetic particle
inspected for defects that might result in unsatisfactory welds or
doubtful radiographs of the finished weld. Non-magnetic
material shall be tested by the liquid penetrate.
4.3.4 Ultrasonic Examination
A. For vessels that are in Hydrogen service, the following

requirements shall be satisfied.
(a) For vessels that has a shell or head thickness equal to or

greater than 25 mm the base material shall be UT examined in
accordance with A-578 Level A, Supplementary Requirement
S1.
(b) For vessels that have integrally bonded cladding, the cladding
shall be UT examined for bond in accordance with A-578
supplementary Requirements S7.
B. All electroslag welds shall be ultrasonically examined in

accordance with Code Paragraph UW-53 after completion of
any normalizing heat treatment required of the electroslag weld.
4.3.5 Vessel Vendor shall furnish a record of sufficient hardness readings to

assure compliance with the above hardness limits. Whenever practical,
all hardness readings shall be taken on the inside of the vessel.
Hardness shall be measured at tie-in points for gas metal arc welds.
4.3.6 For alloy clad vessels, at least five chemical check analysis shall be
taken on the deposited alloy weld metal for each vessel. The location
where the samples are taken shall be in accordance with Fig. QW-462.5
of Section IX of the Code and at the discretion of the Purchaser's
Inspection.
4.4 Pressure Testing
4.4.1 All Code vessels shall be hydrostatically pressure tested in accordance

84.10
with provisions of the code, of this job specification and of the vessel
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
26 of 32 REV. : 1
drawings.
4.4.2 Vessel Vendor shall take all necessary precautions to avoid brittle
fracture of vessels during the hydrostatic test. For vessels 38 mm. and
thinner, the minimum vessel metal temperature during test specified on
vessel drawings or 21 , whichever is larger, shall be maintained.
Vessels thicker than 38 mm shall be hydrostatically tested at a metal

temperature of 38 , unless a different temperature is specified on
vessel drawings. Heating of vessel wall involving direct flame
impingement for raising water temperature shall not be allowed. Vessel
vendor shall note that he has primary responsibility to avoid brittle
fracture of vessels and that the hydro-test temperature discussed above
is minimum required value.
4.4.3 To prevent chloride stress cracking, vessels fabricated, lined, or welded

with austenitic stainless steels e.g., type 304, 316, 321, etc., shall be
tested with water that has a maximum chloride content not exceeding
50 PPM. In addition, maximum vessel metal temperature during test
shall not exceed 48 .Vessel shall be drained immediately after testing
until all standing water is removed and then dried by blowing air through
the vessel.
4.4.4 Test pressure shall be maintained for a minimum of one hour per 25
mm of thickness. A minimum of two test gages shall be provided for
testing of vessels.
4.4.5 Prior to final inspection and hydrostatic test, the inside and outside the
vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned and shall be free from all slag, scale,
dirt, grit, weld spatter, and pieces of metal, paint, oil, etc. All welds shall
be free of slag, oil, grease, paint and other foreign substance that might
prevent proper interpretation of the required test.
4.4.6 Welded attachments provided with telltale holes shall be pneumatically

tested with 4 kg/cm2g air. Alloy liners applied to the base plate by
welding shall be tested with a minimum pressure 1.4 kg/cm2g air. The
tests shall be prior to hydrostatic test. All welds to be tested shall be
covered with soapsuds during the test. Telltale holes shall not be
plugged during or after the hydrostatic test of the vessel.
4.4.7 No preliminary hydrostatic tests, regardless of pressure, shall be made

on any vessel prior to any required post weld heat treating operation.
4.4.8 Vessels with linings, which may be damaged by water, shall be tested
prior to installation of such linings.
4.4.9 If a shop tested vessel is damaged during shipment, the vessel shall be
retest to at least the shop test pressure after repairs, if Purchaser
judges that the natures of the repairs so warrant.
4.4.10 All hydrostatic tests shall be made in the presence of Purchaser's

inspector and with his approval. Vessels shall not have been previously
tested by the vessel Vendor.
4.4.11 Vessel Vendor's procedures for pressure testing of field fabricated

84.10
vessels shall be presented to Purchaser for approval prior to testing.

USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
27 of 32 REV. : 1
Such procedures shall describe location and type of pressure gages,
method that will be used by Vendor to heat water (if necessary) and
safety precautions that will be taken by Vendor during tests.
4.5 Written certifications of inspections and tests required by vessel drawings and/or
by applicable specifications shall be provided by vessel Vendor. These shall be
signed personally be the Vendor Representative, Purchaser's Representative

and the third authority party who conducted or witnessed the applicable tests.
5.0 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
5.1 Tolerances for Fabrication
Tolerances for all vertical and horizontal pressure vessel shall conform to Code
Vessel Standards XE11-STC-0001(STC-41.02).In
case of conflict between requirements of the Code and those of the subject
figures, the more stringent requirements shall govern.
5.2 Tolerances for Installation
5.2.1 Plumbness for vertical vessels
The maximum out-of-plumbness of the top of shell relative to the bottom

of support base shall not exceed 1/1000 of the total height.
5.2.2 Level for horizontal vessels
a. The maximum out-of-level of reference line of shell by the elevation

measurement shall not exceed 1/1000 of the total shell length.
b. Where sloping of vessel is specified, elevation difference for the

specified points of reference line shall be calculated. Actual
elevation difference shall not deviate from the calculated elevation
difference more than 1/1000 of the shell length between the
specified points.
6.0 PAINTING, INSULATION AND FIREPROOFING
6.1 Painting
6.1.1 Vessels shall be surface preparation and painted, as specified on vessel
drawings and job specification.
6.1.2 Zinc contamination of stainless steel and nickel alloy materials and to a
lesser extent of carbon steel components may result in embrittlement
and even in failure of the vessel. To preclude this, the following shall be
observed.
84.10
A. All stainless steel and nickel alloy vessels and any other vessels
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
28 of 32 REV. : 1
operating above 427 (800 ) shall not be painted with zinc
rich paints nor shall they come in contact with parts either
painted with zinc rich paints or hot dip galvanized.
B. For all other vessels, parts painted with zinc rich paints or hot
dip galvanized shall not be welded to the vessel, unless the zinc
in the area immediately adjacent to the zone to be welded is
COMPLETELY removed by sand blasting, grinding or taping

prior to galvanizing or painting.
6.1.3 Machined surfaces shall not be painted.
6.1.4 Painting shall be deferred until vessel has been inspected and accepted
by Purchaser's Inspector.
6.2 Insulation and Fireproofing
6.2.1 Vessels shall be insulated and fireproofing as specified on vessel

drawings and job specification.
6.2.2 Skirts shall be fireproofed on the outside only, for vessels smaller than
1200mm diameter.
6.2.3 Skirts shall be fireproofed on the inside and outside for vessels 1200
mm diameter and larger.
6.2.4 Fireproofing shall be 50 mm thick concrete.
6.2.5 External stiffeners on vessels requiring insulation shall be insulated.

Unless otherwise specifically approved by Purchaser, insulation
thickness used to cover the stiffeners shall be the same as that
specified for adjacent vessel shell.
6.2.6 Insulation and fireproofing supports for vertical vessels shall be per
Vessel Standards XE11-STC-0001(STC-06.01, 06.02 & 07.01).
6.2.7 Vessel attachments required for support of insulation and of fireproofing

shall be supplied and installed by Vessel Vendor.
6.2.8 Installation of insulation and fireproofing shall be by others, unless

otherwise noted on vessel drawings or on applicable specifications.
7.0 FABRICATOR'S SHOP DRAWINGS
7.1 All dimensions shall be in metric system.
7.2 Vendor's drawings shall be provided showing complete details of vessel

fabrication. For field erected vessels, Vendor's drawing shall show the method of
field assembly.
7.3 Vessel vendor's drawings shall show, as a minimum, the following information:
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
29 of 32 REV. : 1
7.3.1 Reference to applicable codes, specifications and drawings.
7.3.2 Operating and design pressures, kg/cm2.
7.3.3 Operating and design temperatures, .
7.3.4 Materials of construction, thickness and corrosion allowance.

7.3.5 Specific indication of non-destructive examinations required by

applicable codes and specifications.
7.3.6 Complete details and dimensions of the vessel, of its supports and of
external and internal attachments supplied by Vessel Vendor.
7.3.7 Definition of all welded joints
a. Weld seam locations.
b. Weld joint efficiencies and stress reduction factors used in the

vessel design.
c. Welding procedure number.
7.3.8 For flanges 24 inches nominal diameter and smaller, Vendor's drawings
shall show their size, rating, bore and finish of flange face. For flanges
larger than 24 inches, Vendor's drawings shall list manufacturer, part
no., catalog no., bore, finishing of flange face, bolt circle diameter and
number and size of bolts.
7.3.9 Location and facsimile of the actual nameplate that will be attached to
vessel.
7.3.10 Initial Code hydrostatic test pressure, kg/cm2, and future hydrostatic test
pressure in the operating position.
7.4 All Vendor's drawings sent to Purchaser for approval shall be completely
checked and signed. Purchaser reserves the right to back-charge the Vendor for
time spent correcting excessive errors and/or for violations of specification and of
vessel drawings.
7.5 Vendor shall assume full responsibility for accuracy of all his drawings. Approval
of Vendor's drawing by purchaser shall constitute a general review only and if no
way relieves the vessel Vendor of his responsibilities.
7.6 Vendor's drawings shall use the same identification numbers and letters used on
vessel drawings to designate vessel chambers, trays, nozzles, etc. Owner's
equipment identification number and service shall be noted on all vessels
drawing title blocks.
8.0 NAMEPLATE AND MARKING

84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
30 of 32 REV. : 1
8.1 Vessel nameplate shall be located on the cylindrical shell above the lowest
manhole for vertical vessels and in center of a head or above a manhole in head
for horizontal vessels. A bracket welded to the vessel shall be provided to
support the nameplate 50 mm off the outside of the shell of an uninsulated
vessel or 25 mm off the weatherproofing of an insulated vessel.
8.2 The following data shall be contained in the Fabricator's stainless steel
nameplate.
8.2.1 Equipment item number and name, Fabricator's serial number and year
built.
8.2.2 The name of the Fabricator.
8.2.3 Design data.
8.3 Prior to shipment, the following information shall be painted on all vessels in
letters 100 mm high in a conspicuous location:
Item No. (As applicable)
Owner Order No. (As applicable)
Owner's Job No. (As applicable)
8.4 All components requiring identification for proper assembly shall be marked in
white, with their tag number and their order number, which shall be shown on the
Fabricator's drawings.
8.5 When the vessel drawings indicate that no arc strikes are allowed after the final
post weld heat treatment, the following shall be painted on the vessel in a
conspicuous location:
"This vessel has received PWHT, NO Welding, Burning or Arc Strikes are
allowed."
9.0 SHIPMENT
9.1 The Fabricator shall be solely responsible to prevent damage during shipment.
9.2 Vessel Vendor shall be responsible to ascertain that existing shipping clearances
will permit shipping vessels to their final destination.
9.3 one-piece vessels shall be completely equipped with nozzles, manholes and all
internal and external attachments before shipment, unless otherwise noted on
vessel drawings.
9.4 Vendor shall be responsible to properly brace and/or support vessels and their
shop installed internals for shipment.
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
31 of 32 REV. : 1
9.5 All flange faces and other machined surfaces shall be coated with a rust
preventive and protected with wood or metal covers secured to the flanges.
9.6 Vessels shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried inside and outside and shall be
free of oil, grease, weld slag and spatter, rags, wood and other foreign matter.
84.10
USI
GN-504
CTCI XE31-ESC-0001
32 of 32 REV. : 1

Specification For Pressure Vessels-2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Specification For Pressure Vessels-2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

THIS DO CUMENT CONTAINS CTCI CORPORATION CONFIDENTIAL I NFORMATION OF A PROPRIETARY NATURE.

THIS INFORMATIO N MUST NOT BE CO PIE D OR DI SCLOSED IN

CTCI PROJECT NO. 14E1787A

1 PYCC - PH Lin 7/10 14

1 For Design Hou H.C.Lin H.C.Lin 7/8 4 CERTIFIED

3.0 DESIGN .............................................................................................8

5.0 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES .......................................................28

6.0 PAINTING, INSULATION AND FIREPROOFING ............................28

7.0 FABRICATOR'S SHOP DRAWINGS ..............................................29

8.0 NAMEPLATE AND MARKING ........................................................30

9.0 SHIPMENT .....................................................................................31

1.1 Scope and Regulation

shop drawings, testing & inspection of fusion welding unfired pressure

1.1.4 Vessel Vendor shall provide a complete vessel including all

1.2 Code and Standard

1.2.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

Section II - Material Specification

Section V - Non-Destructive Examination

Section VIII, Div. 1 - Unfired Pressure Vessels

Section IX - Welding and Brazing Qualification

But pressure vessel that is parts of steam generating equipment shall

1.2.2 ASTM Specifications

For size 12 inch or smaller and pressure class 2500.

1.2.6 "CNS Safety Inspection Regulation for Dangerous Machinery and

1.2.7 CTCI's Vessel Standard Drawings.

1.3 Code Requirements

1.3.1 Pressure vessels shall be supplied all materials, designed,

1.3.2 The pressure vessels supplied all materials, designed, fabricated,

1.3.3 For pressure vessels not fabricated in Taiwan, Manufacturers shall

A. The tightness leak test shall be performed after the hydrostatic

B. The tightness leak test pressure is above the design pressure

D. The metal temperature during tightness leak shall be at least

E. The acceptance of tightness leak test is to inspect all welding

F. An ASME accredited authorized inspector (AI) shall execute

written approval from Purchaser.

2.1.2 Vessel materials shall conform to requirements of the Code. Materials

2.1.3 Proposals to use material having a specified maximum tensile strength

2.1.4 The use of C-1/2 Mo plate or forging is to be avoided in vessel fabrication.

B. Carbon steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths equal to or

C. All materials other than carbon steel, except C-1/2 Mo through

2.1.7 If simulated PWHT of mechanical test coupons are required by

2.2 Plate Material

A. For pressure plate of thickness less than 19-mm use A285-C,

B. For pressure plate of thickness equal to or greater than 19 mm

C. For bolted internals and for external plate or external structural

D. For internal plates welded to pressure parts use A 285-C or

A. For pressure plate use A516-55, 60, 65, or 70.

B. For bolted internals and/or for external plate or external structural

C. For internal plates welded to pressure parts use A516.

2.2.5 Unless otherwise specified elsewhere or unless otherwise required by

2.3 Forging Materials

A. When carbon steel is specified, use seamless A53-B or A106-B.

B. When carbon steel silicon killed is specified, use A106-B.

However, close coiled or cold bent piping shall be A106-A.

2.4.2 For carbon steel non-pressure piping use A53 or A106.

2.4.3 For alloy steel vessel, material of a grade corresponding to vessel

2.5 Bolts & Nuts

Design Temperature Material

450 (842 ) 593 (1100 ) A-193-B16

2.6.1 Material for gasket shall be as specified on vessel drawings or data

2.6.2 Asbestos material shall not be used including filler material.

2.6.4 When double metal-jacketed non-asbestos filled gaskets are required,

material of mating flanges to avoid deformation of flange grooves.