2018137151

LANSANG, RHAFAELLA RICCI L.

SP100
WOOD
JOINERIES
 BRIDLE JOINT
1
BUTT JOINT

THE 2

4
3 MITER JOINT
DOVETAIL JOINT

TRADITIONAL 5
6
DADO JOINT
GROOVE JOINT

WOOD 7
8
9
TONGUE AND GROOVE JOINT
MORTISE AND TENON JOINT
BIRDSMOUTH JOINT

JOINERIES 10
11
12
HALVED JOINT
SPLICE JOINT
SCARF JOINT
BRIDLE JOINT
WHAT IS BRIDLE JOINT?
Bridle joint is similar to mortise and tenon joint. It
only differs in its size. In this joint, the length of the
tenon is equal to the depth of the timber that is
being inserted into. This join allows two pieces to
lockk tightly. It is also marginally stronger than a
regular mortise and tenon. it is very popular in
workbench constructions. HOW TO MAKE IT?
WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? Start by marking the position of the joint on the tenon member
In traditional timber framing, it is used to join the with a try square and a sharp pencil. Use the mortise member and
tops of principal rafters. There are two variations of the try square to mark the wood’s exact width on the tenon
this joint; corner bridle is commonly used to house a member. Mark the depth of the slot on the mortise member.
rail in uprights while Tee-bridle joins the end of one Using a fine-point saw, cut down on the waste side of the marked
member to the middle of another. lines then cut the matching tenon.
BUTT JOINT
WHAT IS BUTT JOINT?
Butt joint is known to be the easiest yet weakest
joint used in wood work. It is the most basic joint to
construct because it is only made with two pieces
butted together at the ends. It is held together with
glue, nails, screws or dowels.
HOW TO MAKE IT?
Start by measuring out the lengths you want your timber to be and
WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? then using a try square mark a straight line across the timber
The joints can be fixed by simply gluing but more where you are going to cut it. Secure your first piece of timber in
often is reinforced or strengthened before doing so. a vice or to the side of a bench with clamps but keep the top flush
Butt Joints can be used to widen boards, make with the rest of the bench. Apply some glue to the top of the
frames and create carcasses. secured timber and then place your next piece of timber directly
over your first piece making sure to line up the edges. Lastly
clamp up the joint or hammer in some nails or add some screws.
MITER JOINT
WHAT IS MITER JOINT?
It is almost as easy to construct as a butt joint.
though it is similar to a butt joint, miter joint is
stronger and much more appealing because the
ends are cut at a 45 degree angle, therefore, it
creats a better surface area for adhesive to be
applied.
HOW TO MAKE IT?
The first thing you do is draw 45° lines where you want your mitre
joints to be. either cut along the lines with a hand saw or drop saw
WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? with accurate cut of 45 degrees. After the joints have been cut
This joint is commonly used for picture frames since
the end grain is hidden. It is also used to attach or check them to see if they are accurate and then join the joint
cover the edges of wood panelling. together with an adhesive and leave it to dry.
DOVETAIL JOINT
WHAT IS DOVETAIL JOINT?
The dovetail joint is one of the hardest woodwork
joint to construct. As its name suggests this join is
consists of pins that look like dovetails which
interlock into slots. This pin and slot combination
gives the joint great strength and aesthetics but it
requires good precision and accuracy during the
construction of the joint or it may become loose and
HOW TO MAKE IT?
it can be unattractive. Mark ark a line at the end of the first piece of timber that is as wide as the
WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? thickness of your second piece of timber. The next step is marking out the
dovetails using dovetail gauge. Run across each line with a marking knife to
These joints are most commonly found on the front make the cut straight and neat. Use the dovetails as a template on your
of drawers or on boxes such as a wooden tool box second piece of timber. Once the lines have been marked you must mark
because of its great strength and very attractive look lines on the faces of the timber which will be as long as the thickness of the
if the joint has been well constructed. timber. Now you can bond the joint together with glue but always check to
see if it is still square.
DADO JOINT
WHAT IS DADO JOINT?
Dado Joints are some of the strongest woodworking
connections we can make, and they are also some of
the easiest. They consist of a three-sided channel in
one workpiece that runs across the grain of the
wood into which another workpiece fits. They offer
incredible sheer resistance because this workpiece is
captured on three sides.

WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? HOW TO MAKE IT?

Dado Joints used often in case good projects like
cabinets and bookcases where the shelves fit into
the sides of the cabinet or bookcase and don't need
to move. May also be used as drawer dividers,
partitions, and a host of other applications.
Mark the width using the actual piece also mark the depth. Make a "knife
wall" with a chisel then saw down the knife wall lines. Work your way across
the waste then pare them out. Then, use a router for final cleanup Lastly, fit
and glue.
GROOVE JOINT
WHAT IS GRROVE JOINT?
A groove is a slot or trench cut into a member which
runs parallel to the grain. A groove is thus
differentiated from a dado, which runs across the
grain.

WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION?

Grooves are used for a range of purposes in cabinet
making and other woodworking fields. Typically,
grooves are used to house the panels in frame and
panel construction and the bottoms of drawers. For
more structural construction, grooves are created
along the sides and/or ends of panels, such as in
tongue and groove construction. Applications
include roofing, siding and flooring.
HOW TO MAKE IT?
First get the two pieces of timber you will be joining together and line them
up accurately on a bench and then use a pencil to mark some lines on the
timber where you are going to make the joints. After you have marked the
position of the cuts secure the timber to a bench or in a vice so that it is
steady when you cut into the wood.
TONGUE AND GROOVE JOINT
WHAT IS TONGUE AND
GROOVEJOINT?
After you have marked the position of the cuts
secure the timber to a bench or in a vice so that it is
steady when you cut into the wood.

WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? HOW TO MAKE IT?

This groove and tongue feature creates a reasonably
strong and aesthetically pleasing joint that can be
used in areas such as floorboards, lining boards,
wood panelling and table tops.
This joint is really only used for timber boards so the first thing you
must do is measure and cut up some timber boards to your required
length. After the groove has been cut you now use another router bit to
cut the tongue.Check to see if the joint fits tightly and if it does you can
now glue and clamp the boards together which will interlock from your
tongue and groove joints.
MORTISE AND TENON JOINT
WHAT IS MORTISE AND
TENON JOINT?
The mortise and tenon joint is another one of the
strongest and most appealing woodwork joints able
to be made because of its flush fitting design.Like
the dovetail joint this woodwork joint can be difficult
to properly construct but it is incredibly strong and
aesthetically pleasing if constructed well.
HOW TO MAKE IT?
WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? The first thing you must do is mark out the mortise or tenons and you can
This woodwork joint consist of a tongue that is start with the tenons. Put the piece of timber in a vice on a slight angle to
secured into a slot and it is used in areas such as create a neater and straighter cut and then carefully cut along the lines.
table legs. For structural areas like these the joint The next step is marking out the mortise and the first things you need to
must be tight fitting to ensure maximum strength do is decide where you want to position the joint.After you have
but also to achieve a neat flush look. completed the mortise and tenon check to see if they interlock neatly.
BIRDSMOUTH JOINT
WHAT IS BIRDSMOUTH JOINT?
It is an indentation cut into the rafter which consists
of a "seat cut" (the face of which rests on the top
plate) and a "heel cut" or "plumb cut" (the face of
which lies parallel to the supporting wall), forming a
shape resembling a bird's mouth. The joint is
generally fastened with nails by toenailing the rafter
from the side into the top plate below.

WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? HOW TO MAKE IT?

Also known as a bird’s mouth joint or sometimes a
bird’s beak notch, this type of cut is typically used to
securely connect a rafter to the top of a supporting
wall with the help of a wall plate.
There would be three separate cuts – the ridge or plumb cut where the
rafter meets the ridge board, the birdsmouth where it meets the wall
plate and the tail cut or overhang. The pitch of roof must be calculated
first. Then, use the roof pitch to cut the ridge then use it as a point of
reference to form the birdsmouth. Lastly, make a tail cut.
HALVED JOINT
WHAT IS HALVED JOINT?
Halving Joints are a type of Lap Joint in which the
pieces of timber, which meet or cross each other,
are halved in thickness so that when assembled,
their faces are flush. Halving Joints are relatively
quick and easy to make and offer a reasonable
degree of strength when glued (or glued and
screwed).
HOW TO MAKE IT?
First you need two pieces of timber and on the first piece you mark two
lines which are going to be spaced out as far as the thickness of your
WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? second piece of timber. Once all lines are marked out you will notice that
They are used in low-cost frame-type constructions, the timber should interlock once the joint has been cut. Cut along all of
especially those which are later skinned with Ply, the lines with either a tenon saw or a table saw although a circular saw
Hardboard, MDF or similar. can be used. Once you have made your cuts you now remove the excess
timber with a hammer and chisel which should leave you with a tight and
flush interlocking joint.
SPLICE JOINT
WHAT IS SPLICE JOINT?
A splice joint is a method of joining two members
end to end in woodworking. The splice joint is used
when the material being joined is not available in the
length required. It is an alternative to other joints
such as the butt joint and the scarf joint. Splice
joints are stronger than unenforced butt joints and
have the potential to be stronger than a scarf joint.
WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? HOW TO MAKE IT?
Splices are therefore most often used when You can take the easy way and butt two pieces together, or you could
structural elements are required in longer lengths make a splice joint. Simply slide them together and drive one fixing
than the available material. The most common form through the face to secure the pieces together to create a nice, flush
of the splice joint is the half lap splice, which is joint.
common in building construction, where it is used to
join shorter lengths of timber into longer beams.
SCARF JOINT
WHAT IS SCARF JOINT?
There are two categories of scarf, the plain scarf
and interlocking scarf. Plain scarf is simply two
timbers with flat planes and meet at an angle while
interlocking could vary the degrees of tensile and
strength.

WHAT IS IT'S FUNCTION? HOW TO MAKE IT?

This joint is an alterative joint for those materials First you need two pieces of timber with 45 degree angle. Once all lines
that isn't available for the length requirements. It is are marked out, cut along the lines. The pieces could either be fastened
yielded and the glue line could barely seen. and interlocked mechanically with hooks, keys, nails or glue.