CARPENTRY AND JOINE

RY

ASI, JEMMRIE P.
ARC 1201
WOODWORKING
• Wood is one of the oldest mankind's construction materi
al that was anciently used by human beings in developing
various items as well as providing shelter for them.
• Woodworking is one of the earliest art and profession to
be learned by human being. Woodworking is the activity
or skill of making items from woods and includes cabinet
making, wood carving, joinery, carpentry and wood turni
ng.
• Therefore, carpentry and joinery associates with the art o
f woodworking that includes the production of tools, item
s or structures with wood being the major raw material.
CARPENTRY
CARPENTRY
• What is Carpentry?

- It is skilled trade in which the primary work perform

ed is the cutting, shaping and installation of buildings
, timber bridges, ships, concrete formworks, etc.
- It is the activity or occupation of making or repaiein
g things in woods.
DEVELOPMENT IN CARPENTRY
• By the 16th century, saw mills were created which e
stablished the timber industry. In the 18th centry, t
he industrial revolution brought steam engines and
cut nails. Carpenters no longer had to rely on the sl
ow, tedious process of handmade nails.
• Today carpentry consist of much more than framing
houses. Although this is a large part of the industry,
carpenters can now also be responsible for cabinet
making and other finer trades. However, carpentry
can be classified according to the work performed.
• ROUGH CARPENTRY
• It is referred to as framing. Carpenters build wooden str
uctures that includes tunnel, bridges and sewer support
s, temporary frames, shelters, scaffolds, concrete forms
and billboard signs.
• STRUCTURAL CARPENTRY
• It is the most common type of carpentry and carpenters
are very skilled in quickly erectingthe structural compon
ents of building such as beams, post and rafters.
• FINISH CARPENTRY
• It is the last step in carpentry process. It involves installa
tion of finish woods and trim made of plastic or molded
polyurethane.
JOINERY
JOINERY

• Joinery is the method by which two or more parts o

f wood are connected and a joiner as an artisan wh
o builds things by joining pieces of woods particular
ly lighter and ornamental work than that done by c
arpenters.
• It can involve simple gluing, nailing, or screwing of t
wo pieces of wood l, but it can be a complicated as
using very intricate joints.
JOINERY
• The primary role of joinery is to hold woods togeth
er strongly and securely.
• Joinery is an important part of most woodworking a
nd it is found in furniture, cabinetry, windows and d
oors, flooring and much more. It is specialist area of
carpentry.
TYPES OF WOODWORKING JOINTS
1. Butt Joint
2. Biscuit Joint
3. Bridle Joint
4. Dado (Joinery)
5. Dovetail Wood Joint
6. Finger Joint
7. Lap Wood Joint
8. Mortise and Tenon Woodworking Joint
9. Pocket-hole Joinery
10. Rabbet Woodworking Joints
11. Tongue and Groove Woodworking Joints
Butt Joint
The Butt Joint is an easy wo
odworking joint. It joins two
pieces of wood by merely b
utting them together. The b
utt joint is the simplest joint
to make. It is also the weake
st wood joint unless you use
some form of reinforcemen
t. It depends upon glue alon
e to hold it together.
Biscuit Joint
A biscuit joint is nothing mor
e than a reinforced Butt joint.
The biscuit is an oval-shaped
piece. Typically, a biscuit is m
ade of dried and compressed
wood, such as beech. Most p
eople use a biscuit joiner to
make the mortises. Accuracy i
s not as important for the mo
rtises. You design the biscuit j
oint to allow flexibility in glu
e-up.
Bridle Joint
A bridle joint is a woodworking joint, s
imilar to a mortise and tenon. You cut
a tenon on the end of one piece and a
mortise into the other piece to accept
it. You cut the tenon and the mortise t
o the full width of the tenon piece. Th
is is the distinguishing feature of this j
oint. Therefore, there are only three g
luing surfaces.The corner bridle joint j
oins two pieces at their ends, forming
a corner. You use this joint to house a
rail in uprights, such as legs. It provide
s good strength in compression and is
moderately resistant to racking. You u
se corner bridles to join frame pieces
when the frame is shaped.
Dado (Joiner
y)
A dado is a slot cut into the surfa
ce of a piece of wood. When vie
wed in cross-section, a dado has
three sides. You cut a dado perpe
ndicular to the grain. It is differen
t from a groove, which you cut pa
rallel to the grain.A through dado
passes all the way through the su
rface and its ends are open. A sto
pped dado has one or both of th
e ends stop before the dado mee
ts the edge of the surface.You use
dadoes to attach shelves to a boo
kcase carcass.
 Dovetail Woo
d Joint
The dovetail joint, or simply dove
tail, is a strong woodworking join
t.It is great for tensile strength (r
esistance from pulling apart). Do
vetail joint is use to connect the s
ides of a drawer to the front. A se
ries of pins cut to extend from th
e end of one board interlock with
a series of tails cut into the end o
f another board. The pins and tail
s have a trapezoidal shape.Once
glued, the joint is permanent, an
d requires no mechanical fastene
rs. Some people use a dovetailed
dado, because of the tensile stre
ngth.
Finger Joint
A finger joint or box joint is
one of the popular woodwo
rking joints. It is use to join t
wo pieces of wood at right a
ngles to each other. It is mu
ch like a dovetail joint excep
t that the pins are square an
d not angled. The joint relie
s on glue to hold together. It
does not have the mechanic
al strength of a dovetail.
Lap Wood Join
t
A half lap joint is one of the fr
equently used woodworking j
oints. In a half lap joint, you r
emove material from each pi
ece so that the resulting joint
is the thickness of the thickes
t piece. Most frequently in ha
lf lap joints, the pieces are of
the same thickness. You remo
ve half the thickness of each.
This joint is good for making
workshop storage items.
Mortise and T
enon Woodwork
ing Joint
One of the strongest woodworking joi
nts is the mortise and tenon joint. This
joint is simple and strong. Woodworker
s have used it for many years. Normall
y you use it to join two pieces of wood
at 90-degrees. You insert one end of a
piece into a hole in the other piece.You
call the end of the first piece a tenon. Y
ou call the hole in the second piece a
mortise. Normally, you use glue to mak
e this joint. You may pin or wedge it to
lock in place.A quality mortise and ten
on joint gives perfect registration of th
e two pieces. This is important when b
uilding heirloom pieces.
A mortise is a cavity cut into a piece of
wood to receive a tenon. A tenon is a p
rojection on the end of a piece of woo
d to insert into a mortise.
Pocket-hole J
oinery
One of the more popular woodw
orking joints is the Pocket-Hole Jo
int. It is nothing more than a Butt
joint with Pocket Hole Screws. Th
e pocket holes require two drillin
g operations. The first is to count
erbore the pocket hole itself, whi
ch takes the screw head containe
d by the piece.The second step is
to drill a pilot hole whose centerli
ne is the same as the pocket hole
.The pilot hole allows the screw t
o pass through one piece and int
o the adjoining piece.
Rabbet Woodwo
rking Joints
A rabbet is a recess cut into t
he edge of a piece of wood.
When viewed in cross-section
, a rabbet is two-sided and op
en to the end of the surface.
An example of the use of a ra
bbet is in the back edge of a c
abinet. The rabbet allows the
back to fit flush with the side
s. Another example is the ins
ertion of a glass pane by usin
g a rabbet around the edge o
f the frame.
Tongue and Gr
oove Woodwork
ing Joints
One of the more popular woo
dworking joints is the edge-t
o-edge joint, called tongue an
d groove. One piece has a slo
t (groove) cut all along one e
dge. The other piece has a to
ngue cut on the mating edge.
As a result, two or more piec
es fit together closely. It is us
e to make wide tabletops out
of solid wood. Some other us
es are in wood flooring, parq
uetry, paneling, etc.