Tally

Event Table Sales

An event table stores information about changes -

The event table is a database table that the user creates, usually in the same schema as the application table
that it stores events. The event table contains an identifier for the changed row as well as information about
the type of change made to an application table. One or more triggers must be created to populate an event
table. When a predefined action occurs, a trigger is a database construct that can run a SQL script.
If the system has a high-throughput application table, a single row may be changed multiple times in the
event table between retrieving events. Only the details of the most recent change are picked up by the flow
in this case. Include more details in the event table if a record of intermediate changes is required. Make sure
your event table has enough data for events generated by DELETE operations. Because the row in the
application table is no longer there, the event table must contain all of the information needed to process the
event successfully.

Functional Event
Managemen Description Information requirements
System
t &Control
Marketing & To reach Global brand How to market services to prospective
various market management and clients?
Communications
advertising
To improve Internal Communication How to increase employee engagement?
efficiency
To manage Cost Efficiency How to make operations more cost
Finance total cost effective?
To avoid stock Risk Management How to anticipate new requirements
outs and balance risk?

To fulfill Employee Whom to recruit?

Human Resource manpower recruitment &
Selection
To enhance Human capital and How to develop leadership capabilities?
productivity talent strategies

Information Protecting Information How to develop centralized processes

Information availability and controls to protect information?
Security
Information Technological How to deploy cutting edge technology
structure Deployment across the company?

Event cycle for sales-

Systems Thinking
Sr.No. Key approaches used in MIS Practical applicability of NTPC
renewable energy
1. The System method aided in the During the inception of NTPC REL the
conception of organisations throughout system approach had contributed enormously and
their early stages. helped in the establishment of the organization as
per the suggestion and the relevant data required
from the field men and material resources of the
firm are organized to realize the firm's overall
objectives as efficiently
2. Improvement in the organization The NTPC design structure was created
Structure through System Approach using a system approach, which aided in the
creation of a design that is best suited for working
in power generating areas. The organization's
superior structure was conceptualized using a
system approach and dialogue with stakeholders.
3. Various changes in The system approach of discussion,
organisations as a result of the system openness, and stakeholder interviews has resulted in
approach, such as increased product/policy closer relationships with stakeholders such as the
sales, increased revenue production, and rural and semi- urban, and this has had a significant
corporate expansion. impact on the increase in customers for the
organisation and the development of more revenue.
4. There is shared understanding of the The system approach has contributed to
problems with the System approach in the organisational shared understanding, and shared
Company understanding with stakeholders has put the
organisation on the correct track for the benefit of
both the company and its stakeholders. NTPC
earned revenue for itself and stakeholders through a
shared understanding.
5. Better control through the People's accurate and timely input moves
Cybernetics in the organization the organisation toward greater and more precise
control and resource use.
6. Accurate and precise decisions The rural masses employed by the
through the Technique of the Cybernetics organisation are the cybernetics’ primary agents,
whose data is used as feedback to make correct and
exact decisions for the organisation on a regular
basis.
7. Improvement in system deficiency Employees in the organization are the prime
through cybernetics- Presence of MIS had agents for the cybernetics., whose information is
made the company more efficient and taken as feedback for proper and accurate decision
quicker responsive in the policies making making
and proper orientation for stakeholders
A systems approach is a comprehensive examination of a company's operations in order to organise the
company's human and material resources to achieve the company's overall goals as efficiently as possible.
Because of the increasing complexity of businesses and the increasing potential of automatic computers, this
approach is becoming increasingly important. The systems approach also implies that every company
manager/stakeholder be far more precise in their decision-making and information flow. A company must
have an overall system of corporate objectives in order for this to work.
CAUSE EFF
ECT

Research and Clients Forward

Planning Development
competitors
Startup acquisition instead of
inhouse technology
Development
Capability development
Changing Business
Frequent Strategy
strategy Review
tatents
Understanding the
variable client needs Being ahead of
Helping clients to Pre analysis of market
prioritize and delivering Unable to cope up
conditions and industry
dynamic insights with fast pace of
differentiators
technological
transformations
of existing workforce
Strategy of clients Review hiring
Retaining employees to attract new
for long term

Business Strategy Workforce

Information System in company

In the event of a system failure or a deviation from steady state, the information system must be used. As a
result, when a surprise event occurs and the organization's steady state is disrupted, the system assists in
decision making. We need a context in which to use the data that is consistent with the mission and vision of
the organisation. MCS should be brought in at this point to integrate the information system with the
organisation. With Accenture as a focus, decision-making is delegated to the strategic apex and leaders in
order to reduce the impact of surprise events (proactive) and the organization's departure from its steady
state. MCS strategies, as well as the system's function systems, provide assistance with decision-making.
 Strategic layer
Senior Managers /Board of
directors-Decision about future

Middle managers-Management
Tactical layer related decisions

Operational layer
Operation layer-
Production of energy
through various sources

Sales & Marketing Production Human Resource Finance and accounting

System Area Nature of system Purpose of system Focus area Case facts -
Examples
Belief system Shared beliefs To provide excellent To deliver high Playing a
and purpose. service with core performance in central role in
values “ICOMIT” the businesses’ the growth of
(Integrity, Customer of clients every business
focus, Organizational by delivering a
pride, Mutual respect superior
&trust ,Innovation & customer
Learning, Total Quality experience
and safety
)
Boundary system Formalization in To keep innovating and Focus on Standardization
the organization bringing new domains services of service
and focus on of service providing performance by providing
developing satisfying the arrangements
Technology. clients with and policies to
innovative have minimum
solutions and impact of
delivering high external risks
performance and shocks
Diagnostic Real time control To maintain operations Utility interface NTPC has it’s
system mechanism to by creating effective and feedback to own internal
avoid errors and feedback mechanism, the clients. feedback
glitches in service both internal and Continuous structure to
 delivery external communication communicate
among the with clients and
employees, improve based
within system to on that.
have records.
Interactive Focus in Software development Accurate data Review
control system performance procedures and collection and meetings after
software methodology with validation by every iteration
designing and proper checks and supervisor for which generate
research with balances final approval the performance
specific role reports, quality
controls gate reports and
future course of
action.

Financial Information System

A financial information system is a method of gathering and interpreting data that is usually computerised.
A well-run financial information system is critical to a company's success, as managers rely on the data it
generates to make decisions about how to run the company. This system can be used in a variety of ways,
including:
 Ascertain that there are sufficient funds on hand to meet obligations as they become due.
 Make appropriate and reasonably liquid investments with any leftover funds.
 Determine the most profitable and least profitable customers, products, product lines, and
subsidiaries.
 Determine where the bottlenecks are in the company.
 Determine the maximum amount of money that can be distributed in the form of dividends to
investors without jeopardizing the company's financial stability.
 Calculate the maximum debt load that the company can bear.
Marketing Information System
Marketing Function of NTPC Renewables-
The company NTPC limited has a mindset to increase their company's production capacity and generation
capacity ahead of the anticipated increase in product demand. They strategies the way of doing business in a
way so that they could increase the company's market share from 19% to 25% and more which will help the
company in maintaining its position as the market leader. It has made all types of diversification and
integration to leverage its position in the power sector. Some of the strategies NTPC has adopted are:
1. Contributing to sustainable development by adopting CSR activities
2. To lead the organization in the market in areas of resettlement and in protecting the environment which
includes ash utilization, peripheral development and energy conservation practices.
3. To lead in developing the Indian power sector by putting efforts in assisting customers in reforms,
disseminating best practices in the operation and management of power plants etc.
4. They have adopted cost-effective ways in order to enhance power.
5. NTPC has set their strategies by offering the cheapest and minimum average tariff for power in
India.
6. They are also trying to implement a new strategy of facing hurdles that is constituted by evolving
energy landscape marked by regulatory change and government increasing focus on
renewable source of power
Marketing Information System in NTPC-
 Internal Records System
It includes information
on the order payment
cycle and sales
informatior Systems.
 Marketing
Intelligence
System
A set of procedures and
sources used
 Marketing
Research System
 It includes systematic design, collection analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to specific
marketing situation.
 Recurrent Information
This is the data that an MIS supplies periodically about the market share of a specific product and customer's
awareness of company's brands.
The data may be supplied on weekly, monthly or yearly basis.
 Monitoring Information
This is the data obtained from the regular scanning of certain sources. Marketin managers may need data
related to competition or the industry.
It is essential so that marketing managers can be alert and identify potential problems
 Requested Information
This information is developed in response to some specific request by the marketing manager. Secondary
data or primary data through survey research are collected in response to the specific request.
The MIS supplies the requested information

The MIS information inputs of

NTPC come from different
sources, viz., both within and
outside firms. Some of the
commonly used
internal sources of information are:

Sales Analysis- The marketing information system retrieves sales information and put them in usable and
disaggregated form.
Cost Analysis-The cost analysis is possible with an effective accounting system.

The classification and analysis of the cost of production, cost of distribution and selling may provide
adequate information for the management purposes.
Financial Records- The financial records & publications may provide adequate opportunities for the
management of sales marketing activities.
Anticipation of Customer Demand Every marketer needs up-to-date knowledge about consumer needs and
wants.
Systematic Approach-Expanding markets and a competitive marketing environment require adequate market
intelligence
Significance of Analyzing Competitor Marketers cannot survive without having information regarding the
nature, character an size of competition to be met.
Development of Technology-Marketer must have the latest information regarding technological
development.
Understanding the Consumer-

Information system can establish a proper two-way flow (information and understanding between marketers
and consumers.
Marketing Planning-Marketing plans and programmes are based upon information supplied by economic
forecasts.

Human Resource Information System

HRIS functions in NTPC-

There are different kinds of HRIS systems and software. Because an HRIS encompasses all the
functionalities for HR, all separate functionalities are part of the system. These functionalities include-
 Applicant Tracking System (ATS). This software handles all the company’s recruiting needs. It tracks
candidate information and resumes, enables recruiters to match job openings to suitable candidates from
the company’s application pool, and helps in guiding the hiring process.
 Payroll. Payroll automates the pay process of employees. Contractual data and information on new hires
is often entered into this system – sometimes combined with time & attendance data – and at the end of
the month, payments orders are created.
 Benefits administration. Another functionality of the HRIS is benefits management. Employee
benefits are an important aspect of compensation and are also managed in this system.

 Time & Attendance. This module gathers time and attendance data from employees. These are especially
relevant for shift workers where employees clock in and out. Back in the day, employees often wrote
down their working hours on a piece of paper.
 Training. Learning and development is a key element when it comes to employee management. This
module allows HR to track qualification, certification, and skills of the employees, as well as an outline
of available courses for company employees
 Performance management. Performance management is a key part of managing people. Performance
ratings are generated once or multiple times a year by the direct manager or peers of the employee.
 Succession planning. Creating a talent pipeline and having replacements available for key roles in the
organization is another key component of an HRIS.
 Employee self-service. Employee self-service has already been mentioned. Organizations are focusing
increasingly on having employees and their direct supervisors manage their own data. Requests like
holidays can be asked for by the employee him/herself. After approval, these are then immediately saved
into the system (and registered to track for payroll and benefits purposes).
 Reporting & Analytics. A much rarer module in HRIS systems is reporting and analytics. Modern
systems enable the creation of automated HR reports on various topics like employee turnover, absence,
performance, and more. Analytics involves the analysis of these insights for better-informed decision
making. We’ll explain more about this in the section below.
HRIS in NTPC-
People before PLF (Plant Load Factor)' is the guiding philosophy behind the entire gamut of HR policies at
NTPC. We are strongly committed to the development and growth of all our employees as individuals and
not just as employees. We currently employ 18936+ people at NTPC (including JVs and Subsidiaries).
Productivity in terms of Man: MW ratio has improved from 0.51 in 2016-17 to 0.3 during 2020-21.

Vision
To enable our people to be a family of committed world class professionals, making NTPC a learning
organization.

Competence building, Commitment building, Culture building and Systems building are the four building
blocks on which our HR systems are based.

Recruitment
We believe in the philosophy of 'Grow your own timber'. Our 'Executive Trainee' program was introduced in
1977 with the objective of raising a cadre of homegrown professionals. ETs are hired based on GATE score
(Engineers) or nation-wide open competitive examinations (for functions like HR/Finance, etc). Recently we
have introduced psychometric tests to map the culture fit of the candidate with the organization. For non-
executive positions, induction is done at the level of Diploma Trainee (DT) & Artisan Trainee (AT). For
short-term requirements of particular skill, fixed tenure recruitments have been introduced in NTPC.
Career Advancement & Opportunities
A well-established talent management system comprising of Performance Management System, Leadership
Development System, Career Development Scheme and Succession Planning Scheme is in place to ensure
that we fulfill our promise of meaningful growth and relevant challenges for our employees.
The career development of individuals is linked to diverse job exposure, location exposure, learning input
through planned interventions, clearance of online e-learning functional & cross-functional modules and
administration of assessment tools.

Rewards & Recognitions

We recognize the importance of Rewards and Recognition to employees in building the performance culture
of the organization. To this end, we have created a culture of rewards and appreciation through celebration
of various achievements and recognizing the contributions behind each success.

Learning & Development

Training needs identified during performance discussion and filling of Individual Development Plans form
the basis of training calendar..

Innovate, Create, Compete

NTPC has introduced numerous initiatives that seek to enhance the creativity, innovation and spirit of
healthy competition among its employees. These platforms give individuals the opportunity to enhance their
personal growth, and at the same time, contribute to the organization.

Knowledge Management in NTPC

An IT enabled Knowledge Management System helps in capturing, assimilating and retrieving unstructured
and structured knowledge in NTPC.

Quality of Work-Life
NTPC is committed to provide the best available work life for its employees. Far removed from the buzz of
cities, our townships are the epitome of serenity, natural beauty and close community living.
A range of welfare and recreation facilities including schools, hospitals, shopping centres, recreation centres,
club, gym, pool etc. are provided at the townships to enhance the quality of life & the well-being of
employees and their families.

Employee Welfare
An entire gamut of benefits, from paid Childcare leave to Post-retirement Medical benefits to Family
Economic Rehabilitation are extended to employees to meet any exigency that may arise in a person’s life.
Providing Urban Facilities at Projects/Stations(PUPs) of NTPC has been another unique initiative to create
better working & living conditions for employees & their families, to meet the changing needs & aspirations
of young employees. From feedback of employees the concept of Club Cinema through for screening of
latest movies , wi-fi facilities in hostels, recreation centers, guest houses and offices , facility for e book in
the libraries of recreation centers have been started in the power stations.

Seeking Feedback
Regular feedback is taken from employees by conducting organizational climate surveys and employee
satisfaction surveys. The purpose is to seek employee feedback on various systems. Through surveys,
employee contribute towards improvement of various systems within organization by giving their valuable
feedback.
The Trust Index score based on feedback from our employees by the well known Great Places to Work
survey is 84 % where organizational pride is well above the national average at 91%.

Shared Services
NTPC introduced HR Unified Services wherein certain HR functions of all units of a region have been
centralized. An Unified HR Services portal facilitates the process where employees can login into the portal
and raise their service requests.
A Shared HR Services Group from a common location in the region delivers these services resulting in
reduction of manpower engaged in these activities and greater economies of scale due to centralization of
activities. Application status can be tracked at employee’s end resulting in greater accountability. Also, with
no requirement of sending hard copies to HR the functioning supports the paperless initiative of the
company.

Supply Chain Information System

Supply Chain and Information Systems (SC&IS) is a boundary-spanning field of supply chain networks,
which organizations use to acquire, produce, and deliver goods and services all over the world.

 Core flow functions, which include buy, make, deliver, and return
 The role of information systems as the critical enabler for integrating supply chains
 The cross-functional planning perspectives that span core functions, customer relationships, post-
sales support, and new product design and launches
Supply Chain Management Information Systems (SCM IS) play an increasingly critical role in the ability of
firms to reduce costs and increase the responsiveness of their supply chain.

Fig- Task Analysis in SCM in NTPC

Fig- Information system in SCM in NTPC

Fig- The Process of SCIS in NTPC

SCIN in NTPC-
In pursuit of providing reliable power and related solutions in economical, efficient, environmentally
friendly and innovative manner, we at NTPC are committed towards augmenting the supply chain
sustainability and reducing negative externalities of business operations. We seek to institute triple bottom
line approach in our upstream supply chain and encourage our supply chain partners to follow best
environment, social and governance (ESG) practices in their business operations. As a responsible corporate
citizen, we incessantly endeavour towards creating synergistic and symbiotic value across our value chain to
enhance our social, environmental and economic performance.
At NTPC are committed towards:
1) Ensuring highest level of compliance to all applicable statutory and legal requirements across the supply
chain and procurement practices;
2) Strengthening and maintaining robust health and safety management system in own and supplier managed
operations;
3) Embedding transparent, ethical and fair procurement practices and providing equitable opportunity to our
vendors;
4) Engaging positively with our suppliers to promote cost effective, resource efficient and environmentally
and socially responsible business operations;
5) Fostering partnerships and collaborations with value chain partners to enhance quality and efficiency;
6) Nurturing and reinforcing a conducive work environment; adopting highest standards of human rights and
labour practices;
7) Promoting diversity, inclusiveness and equality in workplace across supply chain; NTPC is committed
towards providing necessary governance support and allocating required resources for organization wide
implementation of Supply Chain Sustainability Policy. A periodic review and necessary upgradation of the
policy shall be done to enhance the suitability and applicability.

Quality control information system in NTPC

Nowadays the quality control (quality assurance) department can spend incredibly large amounts of time just
collecting the test data they need in order to do their job. Collating and analyzing the data is similarly very
demanding in terms of how much human time can be expended. Simplification and automation of the tasks
of data collection, collation and analysis is possible with a quality control information system.
A quality control information system is capable of-

(a) identifying the product quality problems

(b) determining the causes of these product quality problems

(c) helping to eliminate the causes

(d) monitoring the altered process.

These system functions enable the quality control department to progress from a ‘fix-the-product’ mode to a
‘fix-the-process’ mode and thereby concentrate on making the product right in the first place, by achieving
better control of the manufacturing process.

Quality control information systems can be linked to higher level production control computers to form a
computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) network. Free movement of data around a CIM network offers
enormous flexibility and efficiency in the overall manufacturing process, together with considerable savings
in manpower.

Fig- QCIS
QCIS in NTPC-
NTPC has led from the front on this issue. In November 1995, NTPC brought out a comprehensive
document entitled ‘NTPC Environment Policy and Environment Management System’. Amongst the
guiding principles adopted in the document are the company's pro-active approach to environment, optimum
utilisation of equipment, adoption of latest technologies and continual environment improvement. The
policy envisages new technology initiatives and efficient utilisation of resources, thereby minimising waste,
maximising ash utilisation and ensuring a green belt all around the plant for maintaining ecological balance.
We do not rest on our laurels and our work in this crucial and challenging issue is an ongoing one where we
are constantly striving to reduce our impact further. We aim to be a global leader in environmental standards
and practices.
NTPC has actively gone for adoption of the best international practices on environment, occupational health
and safety areas.  Providing its employees with a safe working area is the primary concern of the
management. NTPC recognises and accepts responsibility for establishing and maintaining safe & healthy
working areas for all concerned.
 FY 21
OPEX FY22
to sales FY23 FY24
Ratio

0 125

156.54 %
 Context Diagram of Organization (with Core process):
Core: Generated Power Units
1. Power
Evacuation
Customer: 2. Production
Suppliers:
Generation & quantity and
Contractual PV Module
Transmission per unit Price
Payments Manufacturer
Companies s

Warranty and
Payments as per PPA O & M Services
Generated
Power Units
Technical
Solutions

Compliance Monitor &

Reports Set Supply
Green Bonds
Issue Equity Shares &

Requirement
Investment Capital

Regulator:
Employees CEC and SERC

Capital Markets
and parent
Company (NTPC)
 Context Diagram with functional system:

Current
Identify
Power Trading Production Units
vendors, Procurement
system Check System
(Through NTPC) Guarantee
Parameters

Supply Turbines, PV
Projected Power Modules and Utilities
Requirements
Power
Generation
Provide Technical
Manpower
Operations
Control &
Performance Scheduled
Dashboard Maintenanc
e
Capital Investment &

Depreciation
Income and
Return on Capital

Human Operation &

Resources Maintenance
System System

Finance and
Accounts
System
Functional System Identification:
We will consider the Power Generation as the Core process of NTPC Renewables and design the
functional system around it.
1. Power Trading System:
The Company conducts bidding on India Energy Exchange and Power exchange of India
to supply power through Term contract or real time transaction of contracted units. Since
the price discovery is dynamic in nature and the output has to be adjusted as per demand
and Load requirements while factoring operations costs of plant, the Trading system is the
most dynamic in nature.

2. Human Resources System:

Depending on the installed power generation capacity and the company strategy the
hiring of employees is done.

3. Operations and Maintenance System:

The whole technical and non technical manpower needed for various Operations of core
and auxiliary system is provided by O&ES. This function can even be outsourced to
external agencies depending on the contractual terms.

4. Procurement System:
The required equipments and machines like PV modules, wind turbines and various
materials for continuous plant operations like water is done through procurement
system.

5. Finance and Account system:

The income earned through products, reconciliation of bills through state distribution
companies is done. Appropriate depreciation and capital investment planning allocation
is also done here. Since NTPC Renewables is new company it has to do significant
capital investments in land, machinery and plant construction before actual income
starts.

Forms of MIS

• Expert system

• Decision support system

• Enterprise system

Expert system:

Experts are the human entities that have in-depth domain knowledge about a specific
field. Experts are consulted for decision-making in business organizations for their
expertise. However, the availability of Human experts is limited, and expensive to
reach out for regular decision making. Nevertheless, the MIS systems have our back
covered in this situation. MIS through one of its forms called Expert systems can
make experts readily available to the organization every time. NTPCREL uses expert
 (1) Knowledge base (2) Working storage

(3) Interface engine

Director (Sales) Possible scenarios are built
using available data

Analysis of the data from

Rules for fixing price
Government guidelines
Cost parameters
Terms - Power exchange of India
working storage is (4) User interface
performed by the domain
expert

Expert system provides the

user with power price for the
day

The domain expert provides The user can also find the
specific procedure for solutions by trying out
solution different combinations
systems for daily price setting and price discovery in the power markets as well. A
depiction of the same along with its components (Figure1).

(Figure1)

Decision support system: Transmission management

Power transmission management helps in monitoring, optimization, and control of power

distribution to the buyers. It determines the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the power
distribution that are directly linked to the efficiency aspect such as Transmission Lines
Unavailability, Substation Transformers Unavailability, outage and interruption indexes and
energy not supplied, etc. The transmission management system would require both real-time and
historic data for facilitating the decision making so both the OLAP and OLTP are used. The
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) will be used for the historical one and the Online
transaction processing (OLTP) will be used for the real-time data. Expert systems also need
support to work in a dynamic & asymmetric information environment. Possibly DSS can help
expert systems in facilitating the decision-making process under such circumstances. Moreover,
since the daily power price and the power distribution are directly related collaboration of both
expert systems and decision support systems can be envisaged in NTPCREL.

Enterprise systems
Integration of business units is the key benefit of an enterprise management system and this
becomes more appropriate for an organization like NTPCREL a subsidiary of NTPC, which has
several subsidiaries like it. Integration from NTPC would instil in cost management, resource
allocation like NTPCREL can provide renewable energy electricity to other sources in demand,

timely information, standard operating procedures, and process logic. There are many more
benefits that ES would bring due to the synergistic effect of these benefits at the later stages of the
organizational
lifecycle. However,
standardization of
certain internal
processes is essential
before the
implementation of ES
to avoid mismatch.
 ESS
The ESS aids the company’s senior management in directing business strategies. The
37 executive directors of the company and 7 in subsidiary/joint venture companies
make up the strategic level of the organisation. With the help of the ESS, they address
nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight (like new tax laws or
competitor strategies) because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at a solution.
ESS use advanced graphics software to present graphs and data from various sources.
Usually, the information is delivered to senior executives through a portal, which uses a
Web interface to present integrated personalized business content from a variety of
sources. 
TPS
Major TPS systems in the operational level of the organization are sales/marketing
systems, maufacturing/production systems, finance/accounting systems and HR systems.
Of particular importance is the production TPS system where scheduling, purchasing,
shipping or receiving and operations are recorded and major application systems for the
same are machine control systems, purchase order systems and quality control systems.
Balance MIS

In an effective MIS, the organization's architectures, information system, and information

technologies must align with each other. Balancing an organization's MIS is the result of
an integrated architectural approach. As a balanced MIS, it is imperative to have a strategic
approach to understanding the organization, its roadmap, and how it can plan to integrate
IT into the organization
Organizations architecture
Organizational architecture is a theory of how a firm, or a group of firms, uses human and
capital activities within a structure of task allocation and coordination to achieve desired
outcomes and performance both in the short run and in the long run.
NTPC follows a functional architecture, the break up is based on workforce
specialization. Using a bureaucratic organizational structure means dividing the company
into human resources, projects, operations departments, etc.
Information system architecture (ISA)
The business operations and rules, system organization, technological structure, and
product technologies required for a business or an information system are referred to as
information system architecture (ISA).
The architecture includes a full explanation of the computerized system's design, contents,
and a summary of the computerized system's present hardware, software, and networking
capabilities. The hardware and software utilized to give a solution to the customer are both
included in this design. It also contains information on long-term intentions, such as
upgrading and replacing aging hardware and software.
NTPC renewable energy uses

Information Technology Architecture

An information technology architecture is an exhaustive description of the many
information-processing assets, the rules governing them, and the data connected with them
required to fulfill business objectives. Classic MIS and essential organizations with
centralized decisions and controls are reflected in mainframe architectures. Client-
server architectures depict the behavior of organizations in which certain decisions are
made locally, but the majority of them are governed centrally. Organizations with business
verticals are all networked in a networked world. Distributed architectures allow for the
management of homogeneous organizations with high transaction volumes in a multi-
location context.
NTPC renewable energy follows a Distributed architecture as they deal with high
transaction volumes and supply their energy in different locations therefore, they store
their data in a multi-location context.
Implementation Of MIS
The execution of MIS is more critical and complex than its planning. The planned MIS is
said to be adequately implemented and has carefully digested the principles, planning
reasoning, and implementation suggestions. Henry Fayol offers the following components
to help managers make decisions: (a) planning, (b) organizing, (c) staffing, (d)
coordinating and directing, and (e) controlling.

It is evident that in the energy area, an Energy Management System (EMS) has some of
the features required in the management information systems of energy organizations.
In addition, the term MIS is not often used in the energy industry. EMSs are data gathering
and forecasting systems that can perform a variety of calculations and reporting activities.
Typically, an EMS system can exchange data from one system to another utilizing a
variety of protocols. Business intelligence (BI) solutions are now extensively used in the
context of MIS in the energy sector.
NTPC focused to reach primary information to achieve management performance using
simplified MIS variables given below:
1. Energy price in the power market is the most exceedingly affecting distinct factor that
defines the productivity and profitability of the case company’s energy business area
largely.
2. Power plant fuel procurement costs and timing of purchasing the fuel e.g., coal is
meaningful for the cost structure. Coal and other fuels like oil, and bio mass-market prices
 are constantly changing, and timing the purchases and optimizing the size of the fuel
reserve have great effects on cost structures.
3. The efficiency of the power market function determines the competitive position of the
power producer. The ability to estimate future consumption and deliver the right amount of
energy at the right time to the power market is an optimizing component that has a
significant impact on profit.
4. The costs of maintaining and modernizing the production unit are greater, which is also
dependent on the product's life cycle unit of production A typical power plant can service
for around 40 years.
5. The expense category includes a variety of general costs such as office, basic ICT
infrastructure, communications, education and learning, and so on.

NTPC has several existing internal systems which can be explained as follows:
Power plant automation systems use computer technology and software engineering to
assist in the operation of the power generation process, with automated operations that are
efficient and safe. As binary code, the functionality is coded to control the system. To
control the processes, the operator issues predefined commands.
Computerized Maintenance Management Information System (CMMIS): a hardware
solution and a software package that enables an organization to manage equipment and
facility maintenance.
Human Resource Information System (HRIS): A software or internet solution for
human resource management. It often contains tasks such as personnel data entry and
tracking, basic personnel data information, and links or possible integrated functions to
accounting system functions.
Finance and accounting system (FAS): keeps a record of the financial actions and
account transactions.
Energy Management System (EMS): EMS is a data gathering and forecasting system
that performs various calculations and reporting duties. It is used to monitor, control, and
optimize the power generating and/or transmission system's performance. The power
generating function is being optimized by EMS.

Why Company has limited ERP

An ERP system offers a comprehensive solution for an organization's information
processing needs in essential activities such as manufacturing and logistics, finance and
accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources. It lets a corporation handle its
resources in the most efficient and effective manner possible. An ERP system enables
diverse areas of an organization to share data and expertise, cut expenses, and improve
business process management.
ERP implementation is a lengthy, time-consuming, and expensive process that can cost
millions of dollars depending on the size of the organization, the intricacy of its operations,
and its existing state of IT readiness. The investment is for the software as well as related
services such as consultancy, implementation, training, and system integration.
Top management should address unfavorable attitudes from prospective customers
proactively rather than reactively when installing an enterprise resource planning (ERP)
system. Thus, dealing with the complex social problem of workers' resistance to ERP
necessitates an integrated, process-oriented strategy.
Knowledge integration is a critical issue in ERP adoption. If the system is to be properly
utilized, knowledge integration must continue even after implementation. Knowledge
integration does not occur by chance because ERP implementation is more than just a
technological task influenced by users' perceived usefulness; it is a cross-functional
knowledge integration process structurally enabled by the creation and maintenance of
knowledge-based social relationships intra- and inter-organizationally. The socio-
technical, structural, and relational constructs inherent in the organization have a
significant influence on this process.
Inventory reduction, procurement lead time reduction, procurement cost reduction, and
other tangible benefits are envisaged from ERP adoption. Enhanced and standardized
business processes, better planning, control over accounts receivables and payables,
transparent real-time information, rapid response to customers and employees, visibility of
inventory across NTPC, locating of status of various activities such as project execution,
and so on are examples of intangible benefits. It also serves as a foundation for e-business
and allows for continuous management of company changes.
NTPC renewable energy- the largest power utility in India generating close to 28 GW of
power - is in the midst of an organization-wide ERP implementation.
NTPC management recognized that an integrated, adaptable, and standardized information
system architecture could be used to improve operational efficiency and strategic
effectiveness. With the assistance of expert advisors, the project "DISHA" (direction) was
conceptualized. Following this endeavor, project Lakshya (goal) for organization-wide
ERP deployment was launched.
VARIOUS PROCESS AT NTPC – RENEWABLE ENERGY

Pre – ERP Disparate Application Landscape & Key Issues

Why SAP?
SAP is the world's largest ERP software firm, with a track record of success. It allows for simple setup and
continuing adjustments. It has been successful. Long-term financial cost predictability by purchasing only
what is required Access via a variety of channels, including mobile, computer, and other platforms People,
information, and business processes are all fully integrated. Integrates existing IT investments without
sacrificing data security.

Solution Architecture provided by SAP:

Engineering and design and management of ongoing engineering changes - my SAP Product Lifecycle
Management (mySAP PLM), mySAP Supplier Relationship Manager (mySAP SRM)—eProcurement,
mySAP Supply Chain Management (mySAP SCM), mySAP Customer Relationship Manager (mySAP
CRM), Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM) ,Industry Solution for Utilities covering Energy Data
Management, Billing & Contract Management (mySAP Utilities). Also, few others: Platform and
Integration Components - SAP NetWeaver, Application platform for all SAP solutions - SAP Web
Application Server (SAPWAS), Information Integration- mySAP Business Intelligence (mySAP BI), Access
Integration - mySAP Enterprise Portals (mySAP EP), Process Integration -mySAP Xchange Infrastructure
(mySAP XI), Third Party Product-Powermaster from Siemens, Optibiz software technologies & RWE
npower.

Benefits Achieved & Risk associated:

Implementation of the Project It was decided to handle the bills. Employees now have access to a new
Centralized Payroll and Employee Self-Service system. It is possible to bill energy according to a tariff
based on availability. To address the business need of obtaining and handling data, fuel management
capability was added. Both external and internal vendors are successfully collaborated with. E-tendering and
reverse auctions are very common. Loans, claims, and travel the workflow cycle has been improved and the
processing has been automated.
The potential of a high initial cost was a major concern when it came to the implementation. It was difficult
to make the transition from the old legacy system to the new ERP system. The new system's chances of
collapsing were high. Initial ERP software modification to current corporate processes was also a significant
barrier.
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