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Hooke's Law Experiment

Experiment Findings · December 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30449.63845

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 Hooke's Law Experiment
Written By:
Romeo Huseyin Emre Eseceli – 31467083 – rhee1u19@soton.ac.uk

Theoretical Knowledge of Hooke's Law;

According to Hooke's Law, a spring should be as long as x from its normal length.
In order to stretch, we need a force defined as F = kx. K is the spring constant and is different
for each spring. Therefore, in order to prove Hooke's Law, you must show that the force
applied to the spring (F) is proportional to the amount of stretch (x) and this ratio is at a
constant value (k).
In our experiment, the force that allows the spring to stretch by attaching weight (m) to the
spring.
We are creating. Therefore, the force that tries to stretch the spring is the force (Fg) applied by
gravity to the weight:.
Figure (1) Fg = mg
As shown in Figure 1; the force of gravity (Fs) applied to the weight of the spring is upward.
Our spring can stretch until these two forces are equal.
Figure (2) Fs-Fg = 0
Or
Figure (3) kx0 = mg
This point where the forces are equal to each other is called the equilibrium point (x0). The
mass spring system can remain in the equilibrium position unless extra force is applied. Using
equation 2, we can calculate the constant k when m, g and x0 are known or can measure, and
this is a method you can use in this experiment.

Picture-1
Took from www.sdu.edu.tr
 Graph showing Hooke’s Law, sited from
(http://image.slidesharecdn.com/lesson13hookeslaw-130220093742-phpapp01/95/lesson-13-
hookes-law-9-638.jpg?cb=1361353239)

From the graph above, we can observe that a spring obeys Hooke’s Law and the extension of
the spring varies after it exceeds its elastic limit.

In this experiment, the first two results, y1 and y2 represents the behaviour of two different
elastic materials. The results for z shows an elastic material which has gone past its elastic
region (in the plastic region). x is the force applied (in Newtons) and lines y1, y2 and z show
the deformation of the springs (in mm).

AIM
The aim of this experiment is to investigate the relationship between force applied on the
spring and deformation of the spring of different materials.
HYPOTHESIS
The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the
spring does not exceed it’s elastic limit, as proposed by Hooke’s Law.

VARIABLE
Manipulated variable : Type of springs

Responding variable : Deformation of the springs

Constant variable : Force applied to the springs

APPARATUS
Three springs of different material, 8 1N slotted weight, meter ruler, retort stand, 1N weight
holder.

Experiement
COLLECTION OF DATA
x (N) Deformation of y1 (mm) Deformation of y2 (mm)
1.00 3.00 2.26
2.00 4.50 4.32
3.00 6.00 6.38
4.00 7.50 8.44
5.00 9.00 10.50
6.00 10.50 12.56
7.00 13.00 14.62
8.00 14.00 16.68
9.00 15.00 18.74
Table of x (force applied to springs y1 and y2) and deformation of springs y1 and y2.
 x (mm) Deformation of z (mm)
1.00 2.38
2.00 9.38
3.00 28.38
4.00 65.38
5.00 126.38
6.00 217.38
7.00 344.38
8.00 513.38
9.00 730.38
Table of x(force applied to spring z) and deformation of spring z.

OBSERVATION
In the experiment, y1, y2 and z are stretched by force x to a certain length. y1 which has an
original length of 1.38 mm is being stretched to a length of 15.00 mm whereas y2 which has
an original length of 0.20 mm is stretched to a length of 18.74 mm. Besides that, z, which
represents a material, is being s––tretched from an original length of 1.38 mm to 730.38 mm.

Deformation of Y againts X graph

Equation of y1 is y = ax + b

Equation of y2 is y = (a+0.5)x + c

16
15
14 14
13
12

10.5
10
9 9
8 8
7.5
7
6 6 6
5
4.5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1
0
y1 y2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

From y1 = ax + b, a = 1.56 and b = 1.38

 Therefore, equation of y1 is y1 = 1.56 + 1.38

It is also given that c = 0.20

Therefore, equation of y2 is y = 2.06x + 0.20

GRAPH OF DEFORMATION OF x AGAINST z

Equation of the curve is z = x^3 + b, and b is 1.38. Therefore, equation of the curve is z = x^3
+ 1.38.

Deformation of Z againts X graph

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY

The graphs and values for the formulas are obtained using Microsoft Excel 2018.
The graphs do not exactly represent the extension of the springs. In order to determine the
amount of extension of the springs, we must perform the extraction from the original length of
the spring.
According to Hooke's Law, y1 and y2 springs can return to their original length after the force
is released. The spring z underwent plastic deformation and did not return to its original
length when the force was released. Furthermore, y1 has a k value less than y2, so y1 is less
rigid than y2.
 Errors in graphics may be due to accuracy of the device. The absolute uncertainty of the meter
ruler used is +/- 1N and the absolute uncertainty of the Newtonian equilibrium is +/- 0.01N.
Also, readings may be subject to random errors. The readings may not be correct due to a
parallax error. Therefore, the optimal line is drawn to obtain a linear line for y1 and y2.
As a result, y1 and y2 obeys Hooke’s Law. However, extension of z has exceeded its elastic
limit because the extension of spring z is not directly proportional to the force applied.
Therefore, spring z does not obey Hooke’s Law.

REFERENCES

1. Tahmaz, C. (2010). Hooke's Law Experiement. [online] sdu.edu.tr. Available at:

http://fef.sdu.edu.tr/assets/uploads/sites/287/files/deney_3_hooke_yasasi-
18112017.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2019].

2. WO YEM, B. Hooke's Law Experiement In-text: (Wo Yem, 2016) Your Bibliography:
Wo Yem, B. (2016). Hooke's Law Experiement. wordpress.com.

3. En.wikipedia.org (2019). Hooke's law. [online] Available at:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke%27s_law [Accessed 15 Nov. 2019].

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