Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University

Name: Abdul Basit Riaz Hussain

Semester: 2nd A
Department: Business Administration (BBA)
Assignment: 1

Contents
Pakistan Resolution:....................................................................................................................................2
My Best Friend:...........................................................................................................................................3
Importance of Education in our Society:.....................................................................................................5
Ottoman Empire:.........................................................................................................................................8
The Ottoman State To 1481: The Age Of Expansion:...................................................................................8
Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state (1300–1402):.........................................................................8
Turgut Alps:.................................................................................................................................................9
Burial Place:.................................................................................................................................................9
Legacy:.........................................................................................................................................................9
Shapes:......................................................................................................................................................10
 Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University

Pakistan Resolution:
From March 22 to March 24, 1940, the All India Muslim League held its annual session
at Minto Park, Lahore. This session proved to be historical.

On the first day of the session, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah narrated the events of the
last few months. In an extempore speech he presented his own solution of the Muslim
problem. He said that the problem of India was not of an inter-communal nature, but
manifestly an international one and must be treated as such. To him the differences between
Hindus and the Muslims were so great and so sharp that their union under one central
government was full of serious risks. They belonged to two separate and distinct nations and
therefore the only chance open was to allow them to have separate states.

In the words of Quaid-i-Azam: “Hindus and the Muslims belong to two different religions,
philosophies, social customs and literature. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine and, indeed,
they belong to two different civilizations that are based mainly on conflicting ideas and
conceptions. Their concepts on life and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and
Muslims derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics,
different heroes and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other, and
likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations under a single
state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent
and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such a state”.
He further said, “Mussalmans are a nation according to any definition of nation. We wish our
people to develop to the fullest spiritual, cultural, economic, social and political life in a way
that we think best and in consonance with our own ideals and according to the genius of our
people”.

On the basis of the above mentioned ideas of the Quaid, A. K. Fazl-ul-Haq, the then Chief
Minister of Bengal, moved the historical resolution which has since come to be known as
Lahore Resolution or Pakistan Resolution.
The Resolution declared: “No constitutional plan would be workable or acceptable to the
Muslims unless geographical contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so
constituted with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary. That the areas in which
the Muslims are numerically in majority as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India
should be grouped to constitute independent states in which the constituent units shall be
autonomous and sovereign”.

It further reads, “That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specifically
provided in the constitution for minorities in the units and in the regions for the protection of
their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights of the minorities,
with their consultation. Arrangements thus should be made for the security of Muslims where
they were in a minority”.
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The Resolution repudiated the concept of United India and recommended the creation
of an independent Muslim state consisting of Punjab, N.W.F.P., Sindh and Baluchistan in the
northwest, and Bengal and Assam in the northeast.
The Resolution was seconded by Maulana Zafar Ali Khan from Punjab,
Sardar Aurangzeb from the N. W. F. P., Sir Abdullah Haroon from Sindh, and Qazi Esa from
Baluchistan, along with many others.

The Resolution was passed on March 24. It laid down only the principles, with the details left to
be worked out at a future date. It was made a part of the All India Muslim League’s constitution
in 1941. It was on the basis of this resolution that in 1946 the Muslim League decided to go for
one state for the Muslims, instead of two.
Having passed the Pakistan Resolution, the Muslims of India changed their ultimate goal.
Instead of seeking alliance with the Hindu community, they set out on a path whose destination
was a separate homeland for the Muslims of India.

My Best Friend:
Friendship is one of the greatest blessings that not everyone is lucky enough to have. We meet
a lot of people in the journey of life but there are only a few who leave a mark on us. My best
friend is one such person who has been able to make a positive impact on my life. We have
been a part of each other’s lives for the longest time and our friendship is still developing. Most
importantly, I feel extremely fortunate to have someone as a best friend in my life. In this essay
on my best friend, I will tell you about how we became friends and about her best qualities.

Our friendship started when my best friend came in as a new admission to our class. Both of us
were hesitant to talk to each other at first, but gradually we developed a bond. I remember the
first time my best friend tried to talk to me; I rolled my eyes because I thought there was no use
and we wouldn’t hit it off. However, to my surprise, we became best friends by the end of the
session year.

We learned so many things about each other and found out that our taste in music was so
similar. Since then, there was no stopping us. We spent all our time together and our friendship
became the talk of the class. We used to help each other out in studies and visited each other’s
home as well.

On our summer break, we even went to summer camp together and made a lot of memories.
Moreover, we even invented our own handshake which only both of us knew. Through this
bond, I learned that family doesn’t end with blood because my best friend was no less than my
family.
 Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University

I feel one of the main reasons why I formed such a bond with my best friend was because of the
qualities she possesses. Her courage always inspired me to raise my voice against injustice as
she always stood up to her bullies. She is also one of the smartest minds in class who doesn’t
only excel academically but also in life. I have never seen a dancer as good as my best friend,
the accolades she has won are proof of her talent.

Above all, I feel the quality that appeals to me the most is her compassion. Whether it’s
towards humans or animals, she always keeps the same approach. For instance, there was an
injured stray dog that was wailing in pain, my best friend did not only get him treated but she
also adopted him.

Similarly, she saw a poor old woman on the streets one day and she only had money for her
lunch. My best friend did not hesitate once before giving all of it to the poor lady. That incident
made me respect her even more and inspired me to help the underprivileged more often.

In short, the bond I share with my best friend is one of my most prized possessions. Both of us
inspire each other to become better humans. We push each other to do our best and we are
always there in need. A best friend is indeed a precious gem and I am fortunate to have found
that gem of my life.
 Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University

Importance of Education in our Society:

Education is an important aspect that plays a huge role in the modern, industrialized world. People
need a good education to be able to survive in this competitive world. Modern society is based on
people who have high living standards and knowledge which allows them to implement better solutions
to their problems.

Features of Education
Education empowers everyone. Some of the areas where education helps are:
1.Removing Poverty
Education helps in removing poverty as if a person is educated, he can get a good job and fulfill all the
basic needs & requirement of his family.

2. Safety and Security against Crime

If a person is well-educated, he will not be fooled by anyone easily. An educated person is less prone to
involve in domestic violence & other social evils. They enjoy healthy relationships in life. This means
people are less susceptible to being cheated or becoming a victim of violence.

3. Prevention of Wars and Terrorism

To lead a safe & secure life, one needs to understand the value of education in our daily life. One needs
to take an active part in various educational activities. These types of productive activities provide
knowledge to live a better life.

4. Commerce and Trade

A good education doesn’t simply mean going to school or college & getting a degree. Trade & commerce
of the country will also be flourished easily if its citizens are well-educated. Education helps to become
self-dependent and build great confidence among them to accomplish difficult tasks. On getting an
education, their standard of life gets improved.

5.  Law and Order

Education enables the process of the Nation’s Fast Development. If you have a good education, you can
serve your country well. It develops a good political ideology.

6. Women Empowerment
Education also helps in empowering women. Certain old customs like Not Remarrying Widows, Sati
Pratha, Child Marriage, Dowry System etc. can be demolished with the power of education. Women, if
educated, can raise voice against the injustice done to her. This will bring a lot of development in society
as well as in the nation. In short, Right to Freedom of speech & expression can be used in the right way if
all women will become educated.
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7. Upliftment of economically weaker sections of society
Education is the most important ingredient to change the world. Due to lack of education, many
illiterate people suffer the hardships of discrimination, untouchability & injustices prevailing in the
society but with the advancement of a good education. If all the people will be educated; this ultimately
leads to the upliftment of economically weaker sections of society.

8.Communications
The relation between education & communication is apparent. Good education helps to communicate
better with other people. It also improves our communication skills such as speech, body language etc. A
person who is educated feels confident within him to confront or give a speech in front of a large public
or can held a meeting or seminar.

Writing emails, letters, typing messages, reading magazines & newspapers or even using a Smartphone
can never be possible without getting a basic education.

Role of Education in Society

Education is the social institution through which society provides its members with important
knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms values.

One of the most important benefits of education is that it improves personal lives and helps the society
to run smoothly. By providing education, poverty can be removed and every person can provide their
contribution to developing the country.

Education Helps in Creation of a better society.

An educated person is more likely to develop better moral and ethical values as compared to an
uneducated person. Lack of education creates problems like superstition, domestic violence, poor
health, and poor living standards. Education brings equal opportunity for both men and women and
educated people will be able to create a better society. Without a good education, a better society can’t
be formed.

Education act as Back Bone of a Society.

Education is an integral part of human society. Its importance in life can’t be ignored as lack of education
gives birth to numerous social problems like poor health, internal conflict, poor living standards and
many more. It helps people to find a better solution to their problems. Education lets people realize
the true value of contribution and help become the backbone of the society.
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Education encourages Innovation and Creativity.
Education means innovation. Innovation and creativity can only occur when people are skilled
enough to know how to operate with different technologies. Educated people always find a solution to
their problems with the help of better techniques.

Education Can Create Better Human Beings.

Education is the most powerful weapon which we can use to change the perspective of the world. An
educated person knows how to deal with different types of problems. Through the right education, a
person can develop good moral values. It helps us to become a good human being.

Education Gives Ability to Read & Write.

“A man without education is like a building without foundation.”
Education helps a person to be able to read and write. Most of the information is communicated by
writing. A man who has this ability to read is called a literate.

He can read books, newspapers, signs, and symbols. It also helps to read signboards in the street, at
shops, bus, train and air stations. It also helps them in their day to day activities like banking, shopping,
money transaction and many more.

Without primary education, one has to depend on others for all the above basic needs.

Understanding the Responsibilities

As a social being, it is our responsibility to give something back to the society and make it a better place
for the next generation. An uneducated man can’t be fully aware of his responsibilities. An educated
person is aware of his personal as well as social responsibilities. Proper education teaches a person to
think beyond his personal interests and also provides him the ability to give something back to the
society.

Make This World A Better Place To Live In

Without educated people, this world can’t become a better place. That is why proper education is
needed to turn this world into a better place. Hence, we can conclude that for the evolution of a
country, there is a need for education.
 Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University

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Ottoman Empire:
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be
one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Ottoman
period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only in 1922, when it was replaced by
the Turkish Republic and various successor states in southeastern Europe and the Middle
East. At its height the empire encompassed most of southeastern Europe to the gates
of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine;
portions of the Middle East now occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as
far west as Algeria; and large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic
appellation derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who
founded both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman State To 1481: The Age Of Expansion:

The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern Anatolian
principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The political, economic, and
social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were amalgamated with those inherited
from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of Central Asia and were reestablished in new
forms that were to characterize the area into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state (1300–1402):

In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors for the
faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who fought against the
shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the founder of the dynasty,
were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia along with a mass of
Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads,

migrating from Central Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq

dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after
the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th
century. The ghazis fought against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded
Anatolia following the establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and
Mesopotamia in the last half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and
its replacement by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of
eastern Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.
 Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University

Turgut Alps:
Turgut Alp was one of the warriors of Ertuğrul Gazi (father of Osman I) and the Ottoman
Empire.[2] Later, he became a military commander of the Ottoman Empire after its
establishment.[3] He was also a close friend of Ertuğrul Gazi and his son Osman Gazi. He even
served Orhan Gazi, son of Osman Gazi during his lifetime.[3]

During the early Ottoman Conquests in the reign of Osman I, Turgut Alp was sent
to Angelacoma (present-day İnegöl) in 1299 and he conquered the area.This area consisting
some villages, was given to him by Osman I and his territory was called Turgut-ili (Land of
Turgut).[6][7] During the Siege of Bursa, Turgut Alp with Mihal Gazi participated in the
conquest of Atranos Castle (Orhaneli) in 1325 which played a key role for the conquest
of Bursa.[1] He was also with Orhan Gazi during the conquest of Bursa (1326).

Burial Place:
His tomb is located in the cemetery of Turgutalp (Genci) village, İnegöl, Turkey. The grave
outside the Ertugrul Ghazi's mausoleum is an honorary grave, not the real burial place.

Legacy:
In 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), a city was founded and named
"Turgutalp" after him in the then-Ottoman Empire by Muslim people who had lived in what is
now known as Bulgaria. The settlement was named as Turgutalp upon the suggestion of the
sultan.
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Shapes:

Use for Upward Direction

Use for Downward Direction

Use for text

Use for making curve graph

Use for demand supply graph