PROJECT TITLE

Project Synopsis
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Course Name (Course Code)

Degree
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (CSE)

PROJECT GUIDE: SUBMITTED BY:

Project Guide Name BADAL RAJ (TCA1957010)

Month, YYYY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & COMPUTING SCIENCES

TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER UNIVERSITY, MORADABAD
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Table of Contents

1 Project Title.........................................................................................................................................3
2 Domain................................................................................................................................................3
3 Problem Statement.............................................................................................................................3
4 Project Description..............................................................................................................................3
4.1 Scope of the Work.......................................................................................................................3
4.2 Project Modules...........................................................................................................................3
5 Implementation Methodology............................................................................................................3
6 Technologies to be used......................................................................................................................4
6.1 Software Platform........................................................................................................................4
6.2 Hardware Platform......................................................................................................................4
6.3 Tools............................................................................................................................................4
7 Advantages of this Project...................................................................................................................4
8 Future Scope and further enhancement of the Project.......................................................................4
9 Team Details........................................................................................................................................4
10 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
11 References.......................................................................................................................................5

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1 Project Title

Face Recognition and location is an innovation that is utilized to recognize a human face in
advanced pictures. In 1960s face acknowledgment was proposed by Woodrow Wilson Bledsoe.
Face Recognition is the strategy where in the distinguish of a people. The Concept of Python
and OpenCV has an enormous number of capacities, it helps in perceiving the front facing face
of the individual and furthermore makes extensible markup language records for quite a long
time like the opening pieces of the body adjacent to this OpenCV utilizes a face finder
calculation called a Haarscascade classifier. OpenCV, We learned AUTOMATIC VISION
OBJECT TRACKING. Now we will use our PiCam to Recognize Faces in real-time, as you can see
below:
This Project was done with this Fantastic “Open Source Computer Vision(CV) Library” , then
OpenCV. We will Focusing on Raspberry Pi (so, Rasbian as OS) and Python, but I also tested the
code on my windows and it also works fine.

There are Three’s Phases: -

To create a Complete Project on Face Recognition, we must work on 3 Very Distinct Phases :-
 Face Detection and Data Gathering.
 Train the Recognizer.
 Face Recognition.

2 Domain

 Installing OpenCV Packages

I’m Using a Raspberry Pi V3 updated to the last version of Raspbian (Stretch), so the best way to
have OpenCV installed. You Should have an OpenCV Virtual Environment ready to return to run
our experiments on your Pi. Let’s go to our Virtual Environment and confirm that OpenCV is
correctly Installed. Python Virtual Environment is entirely independent and sequestered from
the default Python Version Included in the download of Raspbian Stretch. So, any Python-
Packages in the global site-packages directory will not be available to the cv virtual
environment. Similarly, any Python Packages installed in site-packages of cv will not be
available to the global install of Python.

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 import cv2
OpenCV is an open-source computer vision library available written in C and C++ which runs
under Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, iOS, and Android. Interfaces are available for Python, Java,
Ruby, Matlab, and other languages. A very simple program used just to show an image can be
written as follows:

import numpy as np
import cv2
img = cv2.imread(’lena-color.jpg’)
cv2.imshow(’image’,img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

 From PIL import Image

Python Imaging Library (PIL) is a library originally written by Fredrik Lundh. As PIL’s last release
dates to 2009 it is a little outdated. Its successor that also supports Python3 is called Pillow. To
load the image, we simply import the image module from the pillow and call the Image. open
(), passing the image filename. Instead of calling the Pillow module, we will call the PIL module
to make it backward compatible with an older module called Python Imaging Library (PIL). The
latest version of PIL is 1.1. The Most Likely Program (showing a picture) can be composed as
follows.
 from PIL import Image

To read an image with Python Pillow library, follow these steps.

1. Import Image from PIL library.

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2. Use Image. open () method and pass the path to image file as argument. Image.
open () returns an Image object. You can store this image object and apply
image operations on it.

3 Problem Statement

A general statement of face recognition problem can be formulated as follows: Given still or
video images of a scene, identify or verify one or more persons in the scene using a stored
database of faces. Facial Recognition is a category of biometric software that maps an
individual’s facial features and stores the data as a face print. They can be taken even without
the user’s knowledge and further can be used for security-based applications like criminal
detection, face tracking, airport security, and forensic surveillance systems. Face recognition
involves capturing face images from a video or a surveillance camera. They are compared with
the stored database. Face recognition involves training known images, classify them with
known classes, and then they are stored in the database.

4 Project Description

 LBPH FACE RECOGNIZER ALGORITHM :-

The Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) Algorithm is a simple solution on Face
Recognition Problem, which can recognize both front face and side Face. In this
Project, we will use the pre-trained model store in the form of .yml file. OpenCV
(Open-Source Computer Vision Library) development is a significant breakthrough
since it can be easily used to implement commonly used facial recognition
algorithms such as LBPH (Local Binary Pattern Histogram). The algorithm for facial
recognition analyzes the characteristics of a face from the input image. OpenCV is
widely used to implement algorithms for facial recognition. The haar like cascade
algorithm is used for face detection. There are various algorithms for face
recognition, but LBPH (Local Binary Pattern Histogram) is easy and popular
algorithm among them.

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 Haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml (Haar Cascade Frontalface

XML) :-

Haarcascade frontal face XML is an Object Detection Algorithm used to identify

faces in an image or a real time video. The algorithm uses edge or line detection
features proposed by Viola and Jones in their research paper “Rapid Object
Detection using a Boosted Cascade of Simple Features” published in 2001.

4.1 Scope of the Work

The meaning of the term 'facial recognition' is quite intuitive. The technology uses
computer vision algorithms to map, analyze, and confirm the identity of a face on
a photo or a video. Although every facial recognition solution (which often rely on
proprietary algorithms) operates differently, we can distill the facial recognition
process down to the following three steps:
 Detection refers to the process of locating a face in an input image.
So, each face is placed into a bounding box. To complete this stage,
the facial recognition algorithms are first trained to learn what a face
looks like on various data entries.
 Analysis refers to mapping out the features for each face. This is done
by measuring the distance between the eyes, the nose, and the
mouse, as well as identifying the shape of the chin. Those distances
are then combined and converted into a unique set of numbers — the
so-called faceprint.
 Recognition refers to actually determining a person's identity in the
input photo. In some applications, this stage is replaced with
categorization. In such cases, the algorithms do not confirm a person's
identity but label the person as belonging to one of the distinct
groups, for example, by gender or age.

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4.2 Project Modules

Facial Recognition is one of the front-runner applications of AI. It is one of the

advanced forms of biometric authentication capable of identifying and verifying a
person using facial features in an image or video. Facial recognition uses
computer-generated filters to transform face images into numerical expressions
that can be compared to determine their similarity. OpenCV is the most popular
library for computer vision. Originally written in C/C++, it now provides bindings
for Python. OpenCV uses machine learning algorithms to search for faces within a
picture. Face detection refers to the identification of a person's face or identifying
if the 'object' captured by a camera is a person. Detection is a broader term, while
recognition is more specific and falls in the category of face detection.

 Face Detection

The Most basic task on Face Recognition is of Course “Face Detecting”. Before anything, you
must “capture” a face to recognize it, when compared with a new face captured on future. The
Most Common way to detect a face (or any objects), is using the “Haar Cascade Classifier”.
Object Detection using Haar Feature-based cascade classifiers is an effective object detection.
Here we will work with Face Detection. Initially, the algorithm needs a lot of positive images
(images of faces) and negative images (images without faces) to train the classifier. Then we
need to extract features from it. The Good News is that OpenCV comes with a trainer as well as
a detector. If You Want to train your own classifier for any object like car, planes etc. You can
use OpenCV to create one.

 Face Detection
Face Detection is also Called Facial Detection . Face Detection is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Based Technology used to find and identify Human Faces in Digital Images. Face Detection
Technology can be applied to Various Fields – Including Security, Biometrics, Law Enforcement
and Personal Safety to Provide Surveillance and Tracking of People in Real Time. In Face

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Analysis, Face Detection helps identify which parts of an image or Video Should be Focused on
to determine age, Gender and Emotions using Facial Expression.

 Face Recognition
Face Recognition Vendor Tests (FRVT) provide independent government evaluations of
commercially available and prototype face recognition technologies. Face recognition has
recently received a blooming attention and interest from the scientific community as well as
from the general public. A more consistent approach to do facial recognition was done by
Fischler et al (1973) and later by Yuille et al (1992). This approach measured the facial features
using templates of single facial features and mapped these onto a global template. Facial
recognition is a visual pattern recognition task. The Three-dimensional human face, which is
subject to varying illumination, pose, expression etc. must be recognized.

 Face Detection
The aim of face detection is localization of the face in a image. In the case of video input, it can
be an advantage to track the face in between multiple frames, to reduce computational time
and preserve the identity of a face (person) between frames.Easy to Integrate Face Detection
and Face Recognition Technology is easy to Integrate, and Most Solutions are Compatible with
the Majority of Security Software. Face Detection improves surveillance efforts and helps track
and down criminals and Terrorists. Personal Security is also enhanced since there is nothing for
hackers to steal or change, such as passwords. Face Detection allows the identification process
to be automated, thus saving time and increasing Accuracy.

5 Implementation Methodology

 Face Detection and Face Recognition

Ø Although the term face detection and face recognition are often used
together, facial recognition is only one application for face detection. Facial
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Recognition is used for unlocking phones and mobiles apps as well as for
biometrics verification. The Banking, Retail and transformation-security
industries employ facial recognition to reduce crime and prevent Violence.

Ø Face Recognition extends beyond detecting the presence of a human face

to determine whose face it is. The Process uses a Computer Application
that captures a digital image of an individual’s face sometimes taken a
video frame –and compares it to images in a database of stored Records.

 Capturing Of Image by Standard Video Cameras

The image is optical in characteristics and may be thought of as a collection of

many bright and dark areas representing the picture details. At an instant there
will be large number of picture details existing simultaneously each representing
the level of brightness of the scene to be reproduced. In other words, the picture
information is a function of two variables: time and space.

Therefore, it would require an infinite number of channels to transmit optical

information corresponding to picture elements simultaneously. There is practical
difficulty in transmitting all information simultaneously, so we use a method
called Scanning.

o Component Of Face Recognition Systems

o
§ An automated mechanism that scans and captures a digital or an analog
image of a living personal characteristics. (Enrolment module).

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§ Another entity which handles compression, processing, storage and

compression of the captured data with stored data (dataset folder).

§ User interface captures the analog or digital image of the person's face.
This analyzed data is stored in the dataset for the purpose of future
comparison.

♦ Implementation of Face Recognition Technology

The implementation of face recognition technology includes the following four
stages:

• Data acquisition
• Input processing

• Face image classification and decision making.

6 Technologies to be used

6.1 Software Platform

a) Front-end :- The front-end has three functions: to detect faces, to track

detected faces and to extract features for transmission to the back-end
recognition system. The process is summarized in figure 1.3. Face
Detection is carried out using the OPEN CV Face Detector. A set of
feature vectors was calculated over a subset of the test videos and used
to train the OPEN CV. The aim of our experiments was to detect faces in
a video stream and extract a reliable set of features as rapidly as
possible.

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Facial recognition is a technology that involves classifying and

recognizing human faces

b) Back-end :- In order to be passed to the back-end, the face candidate

must pass skin detection, the nested Haar cascades for global and local
features and a suitable set of local features must be identified and ex-
tracted. The Haar cascade detector therefore needs an area wider than
the skin patch for a successful detection. Therefore, when I realized I
needed to host a face recognition AI model in the back-end, I automati-
cally knew it had to be a Python back-end.

1.1 6.2 Hardware Platform

RAM :- 4 0r 8 GB
Hard Disk :- 1TB
OS :- Windows 11
Edito :- Pycharm.
Browser :- Google Chrome and Firefox.

6.3 Tools
<Guidelines: Mention if any tool is planned to be used in any phases of the life cycle of the
project and purpose of using the tool. Mention tool Name, Vendor Name, version no. etc. >

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7 Advantages of this Project

The Advantages of this project are Face Recognition and Face Detection are :-

 Advantages of Face Recognition: -

a.) There are many benefits to face recognition systems such as its
convivence and social acceptability. All you need is your picture
taken for it to work.

b.) Face recognition is easy to use, and, in many cases, it can be

performed without a Person even knowing.

c.) Face recognition is also one of the most inexpensive biometric in

the market and Its price should continue to go down.

 Advantages Of Face Detection:-

As a Key Element in Facial Imaging Applications, such as Facial

Recognition and Face Analysis, Face Detection creates various
Advantages for Users, Including :-

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(1.). Improved Security, Face Detection improves surveillance efforts

and helps track and down criminals and Terrorists. Personal Security is
also enhanced since there is nothing for hackers to steal or change, such
as passwords.

(2.). Easy to Integrate Face Detection and Face Recognition Technology

is easy to Integrate, and Most Solutions are Compatible with the
Majority of Security Software.

(3.). Face Detection also called Facial Detection is an AI-based

technology to find and identify human faces in digital images. Face
Detection plays a crucial role because the initiative in many key
applications including Face Tracking, Face Analysis, and Face
Recognition.

(4.). Face Detection allows the identification process to be automated,

thus saving time and increasing Accuracy.

(5.). One of the Most Advantages of face detection include better

security, easy integration, and automated identification.

8 Future Scope and further enhancement of the Project

The future of facial recognition technology is bright. Security and surveillances are
the major segments which will be deeply influenced. In the long run, robots using
facial recognition technology may also come to foray. They can be helpful in
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completing the tasks that are impractical or difficult for human beings to
complete. There are numerous applications of facial recognition.

A facial recognition system is used to identify and verify a person from an image
or video source. It uses biometric software’s along with AI enabled devices for
mapping facial features and brings out the recognition step. A facial recognition
software differentiates a face from rest of the background in the image. The
software first recognizes the face then measures different facial features. Face
detection is the first step of process wherein face is detected from an image or a
video. Once a face is detected, the system identifies its size and position. Face
Recognition is one of the most popular applications of image analysis software and no
more considered as a subject of science fiction. Earlier, this technology was only used
for security and surveillance purposes, but it has safely transitioned to the real world in
recent times. Facial recognition system works by comparing facial features from an
already existing images.

9 Team Details

Project Name Course Name Student ID Student Role Signature

& ID Name
TCA1957010 BADAL RAJ Developer, Testing Badal Raj
etc.

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10 Conclusion

Face recognition technologies have been associated generally with very costly top
secure applications. Today the core technologies have evolved and the cost of
equipment's is going down dramatically due to the integration and the increasing
processing power. Certain applications of face recognition technology are now
cost effective, reliable and highly accurate. Face recognition technology has come
a long way in the last twenty years. Today, machines are able to automatically
verify identity information for secure transactions, for surveillance and security
tasks, and for access control to buildings etc. These applications usually work in
controlled environments and recognition algorithms can take advantage of the
environmental constraints to obtain high recognition accuracy. However, next
generation face recognition systems are going to have widespread application in
smart environments -- where computers and machines are more like helpful
assistants.
To achieve this goal computers must be able to reliably identify nearby people in
a manner that fits naturally within the pattern of normal human interactions.
They must not require special interactions and must conform to human intuitions
about when recognition is likely. This implies that future smart environments
should use the same modalities as humans, and have approximately the same
limitations. These goals now appear in reach -- however, substantial research
remains to be done in making person recognition technology work reliably, in
widely varying conditions using information from single or multiple modalities.

11 References

[1]. Learning OpenCV 4 Computer Vision with Python 3: Get to Grips with Tools, Techniques, and
Algorithms for Computer Vision and Machine Learning, 3rd Edition.

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[2]. Face Recognition Homepage, http://www.face�rec.org/algorithms/.

[3]. Face Detection and Tracking using OpenCV. S.V.Viraktamath, Mukund Katti, Aditya
Khatawkar, Pavan Kulkarni. 3,

[4]. Face Detection and Recognition, Theory and Practice, CRC Press.

[5]. Concept of Face Recognition,

https://www.kaspersky.com/resourcecenter/definitions/what-is-facial-recognition.

[6]. http://python-pillow.org/.

[7]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python Imaging Library

[8]. Shang-Hung Lin, “An Introduction to Face Recognition Technology,” IC Media

Corporation.

Results

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