Focus area grade 9th and 10th Subject for Entrance exam for Grade

12th
1. THE NUMBER SYSTEM
Remark
1.The GCF of the two numbers is 18 and their LCM is 108.If one of numbers is 36 , then
other numbers is------
18 x 108
18x108=36x= =x=54
36
Using Euclid’s Algorithm
ab
The product of two numbers GCF(a,b)=
LCM (a , b)
2.GCF and LCM ot two numbers are 32 and 240 rwspectively.If one of the numbers is
96.Find the others numers.
Solution
GCF(a,b=32 , LCM(a,b =240
GCF(a,b)xLCM(a,b)=ab let a=96 The required numbers
32 x 240
b= = 80
96

1. The GCF of the two numbers is 18 and their LCM is 108.If one of numbers is 36 ,
then other numbers is------
18 x 108
18x108=36x= =x=54
36
Using Euclid’s Algorithm
ab
The product of two numbers GCF(a,b)=
LCM (a , b)
2.GCF and LCM of two numbers are 32 and 240 respectively.If one of the numbers is
96.Find the others numers.
Solution
GCF(a,b)=32 , LCM(a,b =240
GCF(a,b)xLCM(a,b)=ab let a=96 The required numbers
 32 x 240
b= = 80
96
NB:-Rounding ,Significant Figure and Scientific Notation

Exercise
1.If two positive integers p and q are expressed as p= ab 2∧q=a3 b , where a∧b are primenumbers,
then LCM(p,q)=----------------
A. a 4 b 3 B. a2 b2 C. a 3 b 2 D. ab
2. The GCF (x,80) =1200. Find odd natural numbers x?
3. The GCF of the two number is 12 and the LCM is 144. If one of the number is 36 .Find
other number .
4. From the following which one is false?
A. Scientific notation 0f 0.00767 is equal to 7.76x10−3
B.A calculate display of 0.00767 is equal to 5.67x10−3
C.A computer display of 0.0087 is equal to 8.67E-4
D. A and B are correct

2. Set and Set theory

A set is a collection of well-defined distinct object. The objects in a set can be any things,
Numbers, People, letters, rivers
Remark
The listing of the elements in a different order does not change the sets.
The set Representation
A.The Listing Methods
This method is also called enumeration notation or roster methods.There are two options in
using this methods
I. Complating Listing Methods
II. Partial Listing Methods
B. Set Builder Notation
C. Verbal methods
1.1 Subsets,Proper Subsets , Equal Sets and Equivalent Sets
Application of a Set
Suppose A and B are finite sets
i. n(A∪B) n(A) + n(B) – n(A∩B) if AnB=∅ then n(AuB)=n(A)+n(B)
ii.n(A\B) = n(A) - n(AnB)
iii. n(A’) = n(U) –n(A)
iv. n (A∆ B) = n((A\B) + n ((B\A) =n (A∪B) - n(A∩B)
V.n (A∪B∪C)=n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A∩B) -n(A∩ B ¿-n(B∩C)-n(A∩B∩C)
Example
In a class of 33 Students .18 take English , 20 take Mathematics and 7 students take
neither.How many take.
a.both subject c. Mathematics only
b.English only d. Exactly one one of the two subject
Solution
Let E =take English , M=take Mathematics
n(E∩M)’ =n(U)-n(E∪M)←neither of the subject 7=-33-n (E∪M)←=26
a n(E∩M) =n(E)+n(M)-n(E∩ M ¿ = 18+20-26=12
b.n(E\M) =n(E)-n(E∩ M ¿=18−12=6
c. n((M\E) =n(M)-n(E∩M) =29-12=8
d. n (A∆ B) = n((E\M) + n ((M\E) , 6+8= 14
EXRCISE
1.Among 200 students ,40 take Afan Oromo language ,35 take Mathematics ,25 take
Amharic ,20 students take both Mathematics and Afan Oromo Language , 7 students take
neither Afan Oromo Language and Amharic.Find the number of Students who
a. Do not take Afan-oromo language
b. do not take Amharic
c. take Amharic or but not Afan-Oromo
d. take Amharic, but not Afan Oromo
e. take Mathematics ,but not Amharic
f. take exactly one of the three subject
g. take neither Amharic nor Afan Oromo
Hint. Take let A=Afan-oromo ,M= mathematics and C=Amharic
2.In School of 160 Students ,120 takes Physics and 90 take Mathematics .each Students takes at
least one of these Subjects.
a.How many take both Subject?
b.How many take Mathematics only?
c.How many take Physics only?
3.If n(A\B) = { 1, 3 , 5} and n(B\A) = { 2 , 4} , then n (A ∆ B) is equal to-----------------A.
{1 , 3 , 5} B. { 2 , 4} C. ∅ D. {1,2,3,4,5}
4.Let A= {-1, 0 ,1 } and B={ 1 , 2 } , the A x B equal to----------

3. Polynomial Function
Laeding Coefficient
Leading terms
Constant Terms
Degree
Exponents and Logarithms
1.Exponential laws positive integral exponent
n m n+m
i .a . a =a

an
= a
n−m
;n>m, a≠ 0
ii .a m
1
m−n ; n<m , a≠ 0
a
Iii. ( a m ¿ n =a mn
n
a n a
Iv. ( ¿ = n
b b
A polynomial in x is finite sum of terms of the form

P(x)=a n x n+a n−1 x n−1+a n−2 x n−2+…………+a 1x +a 0 , a n ≠ 0 is called polynomial function

invariable x of degree n.where n is non-negative integer ( 0, 1,2,3,…..)
Note :- i. a n , a n−1 , an−2 , a1 , a 0 are called coefficient of polynomial.

ii.a n is leading coefficient of the polynomial and a n x n leading term.

 iii.a 0 is the constant term.

Example
Determine whether each the following function are polynomial
Find:- i. The degree ii. Leading term iii. Leading coefficient iv. Constant term
2 4
6 x + 4−5 x
P(x)= -x3
8
Solution

6 x2 + 4−5 x 4
P(x)= −x 3
8
It is polynomial b/c domain is real numbers or degree of polynomial is positive integer
- Degree 4
−5
- Leading coefficient
8
n −5 4
- Leading terms is a n x of the highest exponent x
8
1
- Constant term is
2
Note:- The synthetic division the procedure for dividing a polynomial by a polynomial of the
form x-c can be condensed by a method called Synthetic division
F(x)=d(x)+ q(x) +r(x) the existence of unique polynomial

Logarithms
Properties of Logarithms
I.loga xy = loga x +log a y
x
II.loga y = log a x −log a y
r
III.loga x =rloga x

loga x
Iv. loga x =
log a y
Solved Problem
 1. Find x if log 6 x =log 3 4 x , x>0
Solution
log 6 x =log 6 4 x

log 3 x 2 x =log 3 4 x

x=¿(3 x 2¿)log 3 4x ¿ ¿

x=¿3 log 3 4 x .2 log 3 4 x ¿

x= ( 4x ¿2 log 3 4 x
x
¿ log 4 x
4x 2 3
1
¿ log 4 x
4 2 3

2
−2
=2log 4 x
3

-2=log 3 4 x

3−2=4x
1
X=
36
Exercise
2 8 1
log 4 32 - log 4 √ 8 +log 4 is equal to
3 9 16

4. POLYGONS AND AREA OF POLYGON

A Polygon is a closed plane figure,formed by three or morew line segments

The sum of the measurement of the interior of convex n-side polygon is
S
S= (n-2)180 and the number of the side +2 =n
180
Regular Polygon
A regular polygon is a convex polygon with all sides congruent and all angles congruent for
n-sided regular polygon :-
(n−2)180
i. Each interior angle =
n
 360
ii. Each central angle =
n
360
iii. Each exterior angle ¿
n
Exercise
1.Find the measurement of an interior angle, central angle and an exterior angle of the
indicated indicated regular polynomial
a. Regular octagon c. Regular dodecagon
b. Regular decagon d. Regular 40-gon

5. CONGRUENT AND SIMILARITY

In a Figure , ∆ ABC is an Isosceles triangle with AB=AC=15cm while BC=18cm .

If the medians AF,BD and CF met at the centroid O , then AO=------

6. SOLID FIGURES AND SURFACE AREA.

Prism and types of prism
Pyramids,Cones and Frustum
Surface Areas and Volumes of Frustum.
Geometry Formula
No Name formula Formula Remark
1 Area of triangle 1
A= absinθ
2
2 Area of Trapezium 1
A= ¿a+b)h
2
3 Area of regular polygon 1
A= ap
2
4 Area a circle A= πr 2
5 Volume of cylinder V=bh= πr 2h
6 Volume of rectangular prism V=abc
7 Lateral surface area of a right circular cone L.S.A= πl
8 Total surface area of a right circular cone T.L.A= πr (l+r )
9 Volume pyramid V=Bh
10 Volume of circular cone 1 2
V= πr h
3
11 Volume of Frustum of pyramid 1
V= h( A B + A B ' √ A B xA B '
3

Example
A regular pyramid of height 10cm is cut by a plane 3cm from the vertex to form a frustum of
volume 210cm3 ,find the areas of the base the frustum.
Solution
The height of frustum is 10cm-3cm=7cm
1
V= h( A B + A B ' √ A B xA B ' , v=210cm3
3

1 A B 10 2 100 100
210cm3= x7cm( A B + A B ' √ A B xA B ' but =( ¿ ¿ = = AB = AB'
3 AB' 3 9 9

100 9 2700
90cm2 = A B ' =90cm2 x = AB' = cm2
9 100 139

Exrecise
1. That is the total surface area of a right rectangular prism whose altitude is 5cm where edges
of its base are 3cm and 4cm
2. A frustum of height 8cm is formed from a right circular cone of height 12cm and base
radius is 6cm then what is the volume of frustum?
3. A right circular con has height of 12cm and has diameter 10cm then the volume of a right
circular cone is---------
4. A right pyramid with rectangular base of length 8m and width 6m,has 13m long lateral
edge. What is the volume of the pyramid?

The Best preparation for tomorrow is to do today’s work

Chercher Secondary School 2022
Mathematics Department