Data Analysis

What of the meaning of Data analysis?

It is the process of examining and auditing data, combing it to

be more accurate, and reconfiguring it, and storing it to obtain

and elicit information based on which decisions can be made
and determined. There are many methods for analyzing data
that differ according to the field in which it is used. Where we
can use data analysis in science, social sciences and finance as
well.

The type of data analysis.

descriptive analysis
It is intended to describe a summary of the data and does not
require explanations, such as what data analysis provides for a
population census for a particular country, where the analysis
does not provide more than a summary of what is included in
the census questionnaire such as gender, age, address and
others.
Exploratory analysis
Exploratory data analysis attempts to find relationships,
findings, correlations, and tendencies of measurements for
several variables in order to find specific ideas and hypotheses.
An example of exploratory analysis is what was done by a group
of amateurs who analyzed a lot of space data collected by the
Kepler telescope and found a solar system of four planets by
analyzing the properties of light.
Inferential analysis:
One of the most popular data analytics in scientific research, it
goes beyond exploratory analysis to see if detected patterns are
valid beyond the available data sets. An example is the
disclosure of the relationship between environmental pollution
and life expectancy at the state level in the United States. This
analysis measures and calculates the various relationships
between the available measurements
Predictive analysis:
While the previous type standardizes relationships and
calculates their values, predictive analysis predicts specific
measures from existing measures. For example, what statistical
institutions do in predicting the outcome of elections by
analyzing the prediction behavior that is observed in the
questionnaires.
Causal Analysis:
This analysis calculates certain metrics if other metrics change,
for example calculating the effect of a particular medical
practice on reducing the incidence of a particular disease.
mechanical analysis
The previous causal analysis found a relationship with a certain
percentage of incidence and on the impact of data that may be
very large, for example over decades, the data says that
smoking leads to cancer, but it is not certain, you may not die of
cancer despite your smoking. What mechanical analysis does is
to find a certain and deterministic relationship between two
measurements.

The important of data analysis

Data analysis aims to prepare what is called a system data
model. This process is considered one of the main activities of
the analysis phase and data is often modeled using graphic
models, that is, diagrams and graphs that are somewhat similar
to data flow diagrams.

The steps
of data
analysis

Define
data

requirements
It is the first step in analyzing the data and it is intended to
define and specify the quality, quantity and other important
things that are required to be available in the data to be
analyzed. Example: Are the required data numbers, texts or
images, will the data be calculated for one person or for all
people in this place... .etc of requirements.
data collection
In which data is collected from different sources so that the
requirements are fulfilled in the first step. It may be collected by
people, or obtained through modern technologies such as
satellites, traffic lights, the Internet...etc.
data organization
After the stage of data collection, the process of distributing the
data begins in the form of tables with rows and columns, as in
Excel files
Data Check
It is necessary to check the data so that the resulting
information does not have errors and is incorrect. This is done
by reviewing the data and removing or correcting the
erroneous. False data may be incorrect numbers, duplicate
data, salary data but contains alphabetic characters. It is
possible to get rid of false data by removing the duplicate and
recalculating the numbers. In the process of data entry, we
make sure that the data entered has the same type for the
same column.
relationship analysis
In which the conceptual model is improved by redesigning the
entities in a way that reduces repetitions and transforms the
entities into simplified relationships that can be dealt with
flexibly and easily. This process is also called normalization or
data normalization and building the relational model of data.
 database design
It is concerned with transforming the relational model into a
system database description.

What do you need to become a data analyst?

 Full knowledge of analyzing numbers and statistics
 Rigor and organization.
 Master the various analysis tools.
 Good knowledge of web languages.

What tools should you master?

1. Excel
2. SQL
3. Google analytics
4. Apache Hadoop
5. Apache spark

Data Analyst Responsibilities

1- Using computer models and related software to extract the
required data
2- Obtaining data from primary and secondary sources,
maintaining databases, and removing damaged data
3- Performing analyzes at various stages (checking data
quality, performing analysis for understanding and
interpreting data, additional analysis of data for
verification)
 4- Develop and implement data analytics, data collection
systems, and other strategies that improve statistical
efficiency and quality
5- Identify, analyze, and interpret trends or patterns in
complex data sets
6- Design and maintenance of data systems and databases.
7- Preparing reports based on analysis and presenting them
to management
8- Collaborate with programmers, engineers, and
organizational leaders to identify business improvement
opportunities, recommend system modifications, and
develop policies for data management.

Conclusion
In this article, we have provided a simple introduction to the
field of data science and the most important terms related to it,
to help you learn about this field without going into deep
technical details, especially since this field contains many and
complex details, but it is interesting and popular for those
interested in it, whether from the general knowledge or from
the point of view of specialization in the future

Sources
https://books-library.net/t-7268-best-download
https://www.udacity.com/course/data-analyst-nanodegree--
nd002
https://www.guru99.com/what-is-data-analysis.html
Contents
What of the meaning of Data analysis?_________________________________1
The type of data analysis.____________________________________________1
descriptive analysis_____________________________________________________________________________1
Exploratory analysis____________________________________________________________________________1
Inferential analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________2
Predictive analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________2
Causal Analysis:________________________________________________________________________________2
mechanical analysis_____________________________________________________________________________2

The important of data analysis________________________________________3

The steps of data analysis____________________________________________3
Define data requirements________________________________________________________________________3
data collection_________________________________________________________________________________3
data organization______________________________________________________________________________3
Data Check___________________________________________________________________________________4
relationship analysis____________________________________________________________________________4
database design_______________________________________________________________________________4

What do you need to become a data analyst?____________________________4

What tools should you master?_______________________________________4
Data Analyst Responsibilities__________________________________________5
Conclusion________________________________________________________6
Sources__________________________________________________________6