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A PROPOSED DESIGN FOR RAINWATER TANK PURIFIER:
AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF POTABLE WATER

A Study Proposal
Presented to the Department of Civil Engineering
1.5 inches Cebu Institute of Technology – University 1 inch
Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

By

Jonell A. Eumague
Honeyleth A. Garrido
Jesse Mark Anthony O. Gonzales
Jann Karlo L. Licup
Freddi Diwi M. Raz
Mary Lordette B. Valencia

MAY 2022

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APPROVAL SHEET

This a study proposal entitled, “A PROPOSED DESIGN FOR

RAINWATER TANK PURIFIER: AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF POTABLE
WATER”, prepared and submitted by Jonell A. Eumague, Honeyleth A.
Garrido, Jesse Mark Anthony O. Gonzales, Jann Karlo L. Licup, Freddi Diwi
M. Raz, Mary Lordette B. Valencia in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is hereby recommended
for approval.

Engr. Juan dela Cruz

Adviser
Date: ____________

_____________________ _________________________
Panelist Panelist
Date: _______________ Date: ____________________

This proposal is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

Engr. Effe B. Laspiñas Engr. Suzette B. Pacaña

Thesis Coordinator Chair, Civil Engineering Department
Date: ______________ Date:________________

Dr. Evangeline C. Evangelista

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
Date: ____________________
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Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF TABLES ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Conceptual Framework 3
1.3 Problem Statement 4
1.4 Significance of the study 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation 5
1.6 Definition of Terms 5
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 6
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1.5 spacing
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3.1 Research Design 11
3.2 Research Environment 11
3.3 Research Instruments 12
3.3 Research Procedure 13
3.4 Data Analysis 13
BIBLIOGRAPHY 14
APPENDIX A TURNITIN/SIMILARITY INDEX
APPENDIX B CURRICULUM VITAE
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
1 Schematic Diagram of the study 3
2. Location of the Proposed System 10
3. The Rainwater Collection System 58
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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page
1 Schematic Diagram of the Study 2
2 Location of the Rainwater System 23
3 Design of the Collection System 52
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 1

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CHAPTER 1 1.5 spacing PAGE OF ANY
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER
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1.1 Rationale
Millions of people in any part of the world suffer from scarcity of water.
One-third of the world’s population is living in either a water scarcity or a water
shortage area. A growing population and increased demand for water have
largely driven shortage of water as the world has become more prosperous.
Water is the foundation of life. It is very essential to most of the living things, and
is one of the basic necessities to each individual. It plays a major role in the
development of a community through drinking, domestic and other purposes. In a
developing country, finding a reliable source of safe water is usually time-
consuming and expensive. Water can be found in any place, it just simply
requires more resources to do it. 1.5 spacing
Rainwater plays a major role in the water cycle, and is responsible for
depositing fresh water. It is also a valuable source of water that can be collected
1.5 spacing by any households. It is an advantage to collect rainwater for it can be used in
BETWEEN
lines and
many ways. Most urban households usually have a connection to a treated water
paragraphs supply, but it can significantly have a lower main water usage by installing a
rainwater harvesting system, but sometimes not safe for drinking. In rural
households, rainwater often provides a better feature household supply than river
or reservoir water. Rainwater can help decrease the water bills, provide an
alternative supply of water during water interruptions and help maintain a green
and healthy garden. Rainwater harvesting also decreases the storm water runoff,
thereby helps in reducing floods and scouring of creeks.
Rainwater harvesting is the gathering and storing of rainwater that can be
re-used than letting the rain flow to the sewers and cause flooding. Rainwater
harvesting is a life hack that is used for irrigation and other domestic uses to
collect, store and use rainwater. The rainwater is gathered from different hard
surfaces, such as rooftops and other man made from hard surfaces above
ground. Rainwater systems come in all shapes and sizes, from simple
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downstream catchment systems to large cisterns above and/or underground with

complex filtration systems that can store thousands of gallons of water. It uses
natural resources and reduces water runoff from floods or storms. One method of
rainwater harvesting is the rooftop harvesting. With rooftop harvesting, most any
surface like tiles, metal sheets or plastics can be used to intercept the flow of
rainwater and provide a household with a good quality drinking water and a year-
round storage. In rooftop harvesting, the rainwater is collected on the roof then
goes through the gutters down to the storage tank. However, the quality of
rainwater may be affected by the polluted air, bird’s dropped fecals, dirt and any
organic matter. Rooftop harvesting was the method used in this study for the
preliminary treatment. It is a good method for any roofing material is accepted for
collecting water for any household purposes.
Water supply is one of the major problems in Sitio Banika, Barangay
Bolinawan, Carcar City, Cebu, which is located on a mountainous area and is
approximately 6km away from the national road. Demand for water supply is very
high on that place since there are only two available sources of water where it is
still not enough for the whole community. The number of population is high where
the water source is not enough to satisfy the needs of every family or household.
The source of water is by a well, which is also a meter away from the community
and an installed pump. Residents from this place have to travel every time they
collect water for their daily needs. Some residents have to travel to town to buy
drinkable water and some have to pay a laborer which is costly in long terms.
The design is very helpful to the residents for it is economical.
Rain, especially in wet seasons, is another source of water and can be
considered as a solution to the problem of Sitio Banika as an alternative water
source. Since the Philippines is a tropical country wherein rain occurs from time
to time, rain water harvesting is an ideal use. Researchers have developed a
system that can store rain water and convert it into purified water which is safe to
drink.
Rainwater harvesting is user friendly that at the point of consumption, it
provides water and family members have total control over their own
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installed system, which helps reduce operational and repair problems. This study
not only aims to simply collect rainwater but also to provide an economic water
purifying system which can be easily installed in rural houses. The researchers
will do their utmost capabilities to provide the betterment of the community, soon

1.2 Conceptual Framework

Input
 Preliminary Survey
 Brainstorm possible designs
 Canvass of Materials to be used

Process
 Make a prototype
 Collect the samples
 Test the samples

Output

Rainwater Purifying System Design

Figure 1 Scheme Diagram of the Study

Observe
alignment
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1.3 Problem Statement page #s

The main purpose of this study was to provide a design of a rainwater

harvesting system that is cost efficient and satisfactorily good in terms of safe
drinking water for the residents of Sitio Banika, Barangay Bolinawan, Carcar City,
Cebu. Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following questions.
1. What type of water treatment process is the best option for the design?
2. Does the treated water meet the standard requirement of Philippine
National Standard for drinkable water?
3. What is the possible cost that can be used for the Rainwater
Harvesting System Purifier?
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1.4 Significance of the Study
The fulfillment of this study will significantly benefit the following:
Country. If the country adopts the conducted study, scarcity of drinking
water in the country will be reduced. Thus, saves a lot of water especially in the
rainy season and there will be lesser run off. Partially, it increases the country’s
economy.
Environment. During rainy season, rainwater is collected in large storage
tanks which helps in reducing the flow of storm water and minimizes the
likelihood of overloading the storm water systems in neighborhoods.
Community. By assessing the performance of the said application,
scarcity of drinking water in Sitio Banika will be reduced. Also the community can
significantly reduce the reliance on water pumps.
Residents. Through the proposed RRWH, every household can assess
their water supply exclusively and expenses of the residents in buying water will
lessen. This not only saves water, but saves money.
Researchers. Researchers can gain knowledge of the said topic and
may further improve in the future and may be used for the future career.
Future Researchers. Future researchers may gain more knowledge that
may be used as a reference in their future research that is similar of the said
study.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study was focused on the design of the prototype of a rainwater
purifier. The type of water treatment that will be used is still to be studied or to be
identified since the availability of the materials will directly affect the process of
the design. Also, it is yet to be decided by factors such as efficiency and cost of
materials to be used. The efficiency will be based to the requirements given by
Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water. The estimated total cost of the
actual design will be calculated through the summation of the cost of materials
used in making the prototype and will use it as basis. In addition, the economic
cost recovery will not be provided.
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1.6 Definition of Terms (should be arranged alphabetically)
The researchers define the following terminologies:
Alternative - available as another option
Aquifer - a body of porous rock that can contain or send out groundwater.
Exclusive - restricted or limited to the person, group, or area concerned.
Filtration - a process that separates solids from fluid (water) by adding an
apparatus or equipment which only the fluid can pass.
Household - a house and its occupants regarded as one
Potable - suitable for drinking
Purify - to make pure; free from whatever thing that debases, pollutes, or
contaminates.
Rainwater Harvesting - a method of collection and storage of rain water in
surface (storage tanks) or sub surface aquifer before it is lost as surface runoff.
Rural - the characteristic of the country side rather than the city.
Scarcity - the state of being in short supply or shortage.
Surface runoff - the flow of water that occurs when excess storm water or other
sources flows over the Earth's surface.
Water Treatment - any process that makes water more acceptable for a specific
end-use.

Simply encode the description or the definition of the word defined and skip the verb after
the dash
 CHAPTER 2 HIDDEN IF FIRST
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER
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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a usual practice that provides storage for

later domestic purposes of rain water from a roof top. Typically, rain water is
directed to irrigation or non - potable indoor uses like laundry and flushing toilets.
Usually, its parts include a roof catchment, a screen to eliminate the initial
organic matters from the roof and a storage tank where rainwater is stored. In
this study, rainwater harvesting was added up with a bio-filter to filter grits and a
disinfection system to make it potable. Because the harvesting of rainwater is a
decentralized practice of water preservation, it also provides benefits for water
quality through reduced surface runoff. In many parts of the world, rainwater
harvesting is important in terms of both water supply and public health. It can
also be an important additional water source in parts of the world where there is
insufficient water supply. Even where there are abundant surface water sources
in any place in the world, rainwater can provide a fairly safe and pure source of
water that is important to public health. Rainwater can be used for both drinking
and non-drinking; for drinking, showering and cooking purposes, and for non-
drinking purposes such as irrigation, toilet flushing and laundry. The treatment
required for drinking use differs from the treatment required for non-drinking use.
(David J Sample, Jia Liu & Sai Wang , 2013)
Rainwater harvesting’s history in Asia has been about the 9th or 10th
century, as well as the collection of rainwater from roofs in rural areas of South
and South East Asia. For nearly 2,000 years, Thailand has been collecting
rainwater from the eaves of roofs or simple gutters into traditional pots and jars.
The harvesting of rainwater was also used in the Loess Plateau regions of China.
Nevertheless, between 1970 and 1974, more or less 40,000 well storage tanks
were built using a technology that stores rainwater and storm water runoff in
ponds of different sizes and different shapes. Different levels of governmental
and community involvement in the development of rainwater harvesting
technologies in any parts of Asia have been noted. Both government and
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household in Thailand and the Philippines played a major role in increasing the
use of this type of technology. (Prempridi and Chatuthasry, 2014). citation
The system was based on the process of wastewater treatment where
there is a primary treatment, a secondary treatment and a tertiary treatment. The
first flush filter was installed in the primary treatment where it screens the raw
materials that passed through the gutter. For smaller solids that passed through
the primary treatment, the sand bed filter was used in secondary treatment.
Finally, tertiary treatment; where the rainwater was cleaned, but is still
contaminated, is disinfected through the process of chlorination and UV light.
The RWH system consists of collected rainwater through gutters
channelizing it from the rooftop and was stored in a fully closed surface tank. A
first flush filter is the first part of the system that allows the first rain to be flushed
out with the raw materials on the roof and allows a sand bed filter to be stored in
the tank after cleaner water. Care should be taken to maintain good quality of
harvested water in the design of the tank and sand bed filter. The surface tank
must prevent sunlight from entering the tank (the presence of sunlight and air
together supports growth within the water of bacteria, algae, etc.). The absence
of a larger opening of the surface tank prevents the removal of water of a dipping
vessels and also prevents the entry into the storage tank of undesirable elements
like twigs, leaves, insects, dust and others. The bottom of the sand bed filter itself
is manufactured and when the sand bed is removed for periodic cleaning can be
removed to clean the tank. (Current Science vol. 92, JANUARY 2013). Water
collected from the rooftops can easily be contaminated by a variety of harmful
agents and, most importantly, by animal fecal matter that may contaminate the
rooftop area. Therefore, the quality of harvested rainwater can be affected by
many factors, including the design of the water collection system, its
maintenance and rainfall intensity. (Lye, 2012)
A first flush filter works by eliminating and preventing the most
contaminated water from entering the storage tanks because it is the water that
flushes off the fecal and organic matter. The downpipe section on the first flush
filters must be proportioned depending on what type of roof is …
 CHAPTER 3 1.5 spacing
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2 x 1.5 spacing = 3 spaces
3.1 Research Design
Applied research was used for this study for it seeks to solve practical
problems that often have an impact on life, work, health and overall well-being. It
1.5 spacing
line to line
was tended to drill down more toward solving specific problems that affect
people. Through this research, relevant data and other necessary information
has been obtained. In which these gathered data are to be discussed and be
analyzed to come up with the most effective solution to the problem.
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3.2 Research Environment
The location of the research took place in Sitio Banika, Brgy. Bolinawan,
Carcar City, Cebu. The location itself was the major cause of the problem. It was
mountainous that the fresh water cannot reach the place. Sitio Banika’s sources
of water include the installed pump and faucet, and the well which are
nevertheless too far for some residents. Thus, it benefits more to those people
who are in close proximity to the water supply. Collection of water on the said
location does not have any control. So residents there were near the source of
1.5 spacing water can put as many containers as they want which makes it uneven
line to line distribution of water in the entire community. However, the installed pump and
faucet of the Sitio was inadequate so residents have to go to the alternative
source which is more than a few meters of walking, more likely trekking distance
away because of the steepness of the mountain and takes huge amount of time
to reach the well. Moreover, there are no other existing water supply other than
the installed water pump and the well. In figure 3.0, the encircled part of the map
is the location of the study. The red line indicates the path where the residents
walk on to get to the national road. In figure 4.0 is a closer look of the location,
and its contour can be seen.
Figure 2 Location of the Study: Sitio Banika, Brgy. Bolinawan (Sources: Google Earth)

Always provide a source of the photos you attach if is not your original.

Figure 4 Location of the Study: Sitio Banika, Brgy. Bolinawan (Sources: Google Earth)

Name of Tables and Name of Figures can be encoded in smaller fonts , i.e. Font Size 10 (as
long as they are readable and they can be italized. Encode them near the Tables or Figures
3.3 Research Instruments/Equipment
(This is the portion where instruments are used in analyzing or treating the
collected data. Most of the times statistical methods are employed.)
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3.4 Research Procedure
In gathering of the data, the researchers visited Sitio Banika in Carcar City
to verify the issues regarding the lack of water supply on the said Sitio. The
researchers conducted an interview to the families having a disadvantage in the
consumption of water source due to the location of their houses from the location
of the water supply. The researchers conducted an internet research through
ebscohost and google to gather necessary data as well as library research in
order to come up with a best suitable design. The materials were canvassed and
had the least cost as possible without affecting the efficiency of the design. The
data gathered were studied thoroughly to analyze and identify the actions to
make. A prototype was made based on the proposed design made by the
researchers and samples were collected. For testing the safety of the water, a
water sample collected from the tank was tested on laboratory to know if it has
met the safety standards of potable water.

2 x 1.5 spacing = 3 spaces

3.5 Data Analysis
(In cases of experimental data “Data Analysis” will give insights to the
readers on what the researchers will use in analyzing their data. i.e., formula )

YOUR manuscript for PROPOSAL IS ONLY UP TO CHAPTER 3. When

proposing you are to face the Board Of Panelists of your own choosing in a
vitual meeting to evaluate your proposed study. The panelists may approve
or disapprove your proposed study. If they require slight revisions it is
near to an approval. If disapproved, they suggest for a change of title. What
are the requirements to have a FINAL GRADE?
 a SIGNED Approval Sheet by the panelists after the revisions.
  Rubrics of your Proposal Defense from the two panelists

CHAPTER 4 and 5 and the rest up to the last page of your study is Proj 2. It
is the continuation of your proposed study. FINAL ORAL DEFENSE and the
revisions of your manuscripts are just parts of the output.

FONT: ARIAL SIZE 12

SPACING LINE IN A PARAGRAPH - 1.5 spaces

Note: (If a table is to be presented, the name of the table should be placed on
top of it)

Example:
Table 1 Advantage and Disadvantages in Using Chlorine and UV Light Disinfectant
Type ADVANTAGES
Cheap Disinfectant
Chlorine disinfectant Effective in destroying bacteria
and viruses
No chemicals used
UV Light disinfectant Taste and Smell are not affected
DISADVANTAGES
Chemical Use
Odor and taste is affected
Ineffective in turbid water
Expensive to some
Needs Electricity Supply to work
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Author Year of Copyright 2 x 1.5 spacing = 3 spaces
Title of Book & Edition Publisher
Books
Davis, M. (2011). Water and Wastewater Engineering: Design Principles and
Author’s Practice (International Edition). McGraw-Hill. Singapore. Place of Publication
names are
Jindal, M. (2009). Introduction to Waste Water Treatment Process. West
arranged
alphabetically Ghonda: Manglam Publications
White, G.C. (1999). Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants
(4thEdition). Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

2 x 1.5 spacing = 3 spaces

Published Thesis
Albutra, Nueveeh Neah C. et al., (March 2017). A Proposed Design of a water
distribution system in Sitio Malalag, Barangay Ubaub, Argao, Cebu.
Ebardo, Zymon Dhan D. etal., (March 2018).Solar-Powered Water Treatment
System for Potable Water Supply.
Suralta, David Patrick Q. et al., (March 2018). Rainwater Harvesting for Aqua
The rest
is 1.5 Farm Irrigation in Sitio Patayng – Yuta, Brgy. Sapangdaku, Cebu City.
spacing
between 2 x 1.5 spacing = 3 spaces
lines Unpublished Thesis
Albutra, Nueveeh Neah C. et al., (March 2017). A Proposed Design of a water
distribution system in Sitio Malalag, Barangay Ubaub, Argao, Cebu.
Ebardo, Zymon Dhan D. etal., (March 2018).Solar-Powered Water Treatment
System for Potable Water Supply.
Suralta, David Patrick Q. et al., (March 2018). Rainwater Harvesting for Aqua
Farm Irrigation in Sitio Patayng – Yuta, Brgy. Sapangdaku, Cebu City.
2 x 1.5 spacing = 3 spaces
Internet Sources
Water Quality Association, Common Waterborne Contaminants
https://www.wqa.org/learn-about-water/common-contaminants
retrieved on October 15, 2018
Blue Mountains Co., First Flush Diverters
https://www.rainharvesting.com.au/product/downpipe-first-flush-diverters/
retrieved on September 2, 2018
Singh Chaudhary, et. al., Biofilter in Water and Wastewater Treatment
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225550769_Biofilter_in_Water_a
nd_Wastewater_Treatmentretrieved on August 03, 2018
Government of Western Australia DOH, Ultraviolet light disinfection
https://www.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/U_Z/Ultraviolet-disinfection-of-
drinking-water retrieved on October 15, 2018

The categories of references are arranged according to their importance:

 Books
 Published Thesis (or Journals)
 Unpublished Thesis
 Internet Sources
As early as Making the Research Proposal, submit your Chapters 1, 2, 3 to TURNITIN for
Plagiarism check. You can enroll TURNITIN in your instructor’s account

APPENDIX A
 Kindly take note of the format of the CURRICULUM VITAE. Just follow it
for uniformty. Do not
forget
page #s
APPENDIX B
CURRICULUM VITAE

JUAN DELA CRUZ

#203 Las Piñas, Rizal
juan.delacruz@gmail.com
Wear your uniform or
white blouse with collar
and sleeves and photo
should be of white
background 2” X 2”

PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Home Address : Juan Luna St., San Nicolas, Cebu City
Present Address : Linao, Minglanilla, Cebu
Date of Birth : August 04, 1998
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Ave., San Nicolas, Cebu City
(2015 – Present)
Senior High School : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Ave., San Nicolas, Cebu City
(2013 – 2015)
High School : Franciscan College of the Immaculate
Concepcion
(Address of School)
(2009 – 2013)
Elementary : Franciscan College of the Immaculate
Concepcion
(Address of school)
(2003 – 2009)
Tertiary should come first