al) q)2> | Dheosem aa Loe wporopouy won Le dwdved ny un R coves br for, dh an wndoud féid Lue powpoty <> evouy monotone and Jound,, eur come th IF, Bouwep te A be 2 non tmpty subst of R, uuhich, ts Aooundid above yr *b’, tue ou poing bor constivict tive Arquances (an) & Cbn> ket aed af ate con wuppodbound. op A Hath 2p See Ban suppubrund QA 2 =a, bo Ut by 2oy ditt oo PSE Btn wuppurboune of A % = stb oe neh LS Cony be Unusading cand. (bn) 8 abovasiny Boon y d ° purboun A Qn 8 net MPI bf On uppabmnd 0g AV Mes | ee Cand Bog Cy is acum ard G i = Can) Peas converge Exereibe s Agsume ery monetone and bounded agquine in RB tonvetge «Show that Avchimedean. yeh follows. lachtmedean. property 7 (28) —o° a nao oh a ua Ls bil an se ne nae + fe tad A Toot + Buppose axeA wnt xe amen such Heh ben & Cbn) bx > bm405, a Gntradithon to the fact that bn & an Upper bound QA. > 6 an upperbomd A A, D] oc ts Wie least upper bound Gf A et be any uppev bouna QA an £Y Vn oy On, =.6 £Y => csy » > ¢ & te bast wppn bound, Enfinike series Let Gand be a geries Sequence ih R Si = 0 B= at me Sn 2 BWreoet Lh Sy f& the Sequence dh partial Sums 45 Xin S-8, we gay that the serfes Sm net, Gonverges bo 8 and enate the by | Zon = gen, haya b| BSD at | 260 Lb — <. wonv IvlZi We Nebut traces. A vmon.- amptiy set X ott oo vmubud tt Hebd > aa Het RX be a men- snmptiy awk dh: XxX —> Rev deo vmetud ip ck sctlipitn the fotlowings | Ls diary) 20 Vouy ex and. aly) 20, ee ey L4 dingy) = Aly, x) L Alaz 2 deny) + dty2) C Fakamgle Sraquatiyy) Voy €X Netatin, : Gx, A) Boconmples + CRid>d - Alay) = lne-y] ket x be ony men - amp? set oe ey : aay = L" o ety hh calld 2 dicate mat.PRove Arak ib 8 a smatué on RM. CR bd te a vill, apace re a Cayd = Spec yr) a sa smitud on REX dp (my). max f Leryn petin dy 8 abe a smidué em R”. Abid ddl pace CA vectn Apo with a mou, Ill) nem ~L, Ill 30 Yxev b& lla} =° &9Xz0 L axl) = lallbt YeeR L Weyl zg let Wit Yay éV. Soot es pe, lat ny € cays = fey? Voy» = 7 gin, 6 aa Wt Nasty sae dP aoe pea 7a” W (ony * ee lel yl Vaid that thd ee oe Q R* ib ples rdf OF ump ile suse te | She umatué. ey ie! (R. ad cies wid ainpefeaoow” lla < Vere? Aitny) = [acyl + [y2-¥2 1 Wel, = beter daotaiy) = mare (141-413 UVetho = tna fest sv Yaelvy | Grape a (Glo, a) roluuc! conde | Const jdt af con et Bs ee Oe Uk Rove thak Xb a nevmd wile poy with Wel, then a tuy) le-gll for my EX ew | sreahcd ea x, | ao" Bren mowed vedlbr wae 2 8 milk pak with the amd dixyy. lx-y) O) Ilkx-yll 30 => dry so | dlayeo <> Weullco £5 xy deoxy = Weed = Wacyewot s uva Myeell = Wye = dly, x) ( From @7) $e @ | dthz) Lxfeoy ol ey + bal ih Wx-gp Wy-2l dtny + 42 Examples Novmed edo spaces t L | (UR, st) ) Be By 0 hal = (emoree l= ales Jue hdd sb We Atsyd - Wx-ylle + leu > varia Mn 4nd id (Eon Cd meh) je % ( Rr, lw wall 5, (x) ts gutub fndwad dy Wl “ daimyo = We-ul, eo weit. Ol mebué> je | i (Rr, mx? | lolly = max Aver teien duke ah dud +s Ig & Ap (m4 = max lyi-n' ) eignr Z (CC13, PD \ Ile = top TFN sete) Tiff A) pags Let mg € Cond [foe gool 2 Leta + Igbo] 2 el, + IgM, fate “ sup [Stole TZ ° Ufthe tulad fi a (cfent dd & a mdut on whee | dlfig) = sup | gin - 7 | | xe Cod fNotes tet, f vgier de jLtonctier nem on “eco. a. AP set Galt ade sequence of veal number. Ff (ax) | an & — hoanded lan] gtr [Can I, = yp lan) nein 4, = Lland | = lankzw Y ho N@nN, . = Jan) ne)#. Snr | Prsduct am RP pan. Lk ee Y> = S ae = Let X= (%,-.)%n) len. eey Toon Ser Tepaosy | Qpx ball : | At (hd) de @ secu apace ae K, 470 PO: - a aly 522% opal §— 9p hat corttud 4& city ads cw. foe mere Clem boll as [aon ery | Gramapta + a (Rd) Ix-g] dtriga 67 44 Blan . i 4! = tye | : Aye grey Land 2 (47% xy \x-9] érh| - hen sgt a (xd) d ~ didull Ate | BO? _ {ye x | diviy) & Y2% = fx 7B (29 E fyex | dlxiy> <2% 3. = xX unit bat dh R®centtved «ak the orgin. » Wet) Boro feoree | 2 “Le L Bead = fren] alx,o) <1% = (ea | Para 21% = {em \ arter Xe 0% 19 L Plow. Fxce IR? | dlxrop ei = THER lo tier In CR, do) L Blon = 5 (xen | max 4 I, Imp bry (-ul) Cuiy ] Gy ta(Clon), de) sp 1424 | bo eff € Clo] | LEONI oO janehor G@wvex Sets | ar gE K% hee moved Lect, A A a ay & 4 . oLA4 | Powe tab: Btu dn % ts conan Ad. Proof Hb y,z © BOP pyrene € BOM dony) = at re Aye Oe 2s % 9 ee. I Aye tee dl ays O-AIz > a) = J aye 2 - Aral = I Ay-ay + (-ar(z-2 £1 Aly-#) #NG-De-el = i thy-alh AON Wael Ales jee" wy anee Zz Aa* aya 27 BH yz € Bla Ayt (-Adz e Bmr OZA4) 1é Bar is convex. Oper Sets ft (kd) te a Meus A so W2-xW 2m ues U og K pum 3 Nx 60 CF are auch — that Bai © Us lexonmple$ y de a smdué spo. Lt xéx ht CX, AA cond A70 how wok Bad wom opr au. geo) kod Blys) | Browp 4 é Boman sro Bly? CBO) ze Blys) alm2> £ Aca +t Aluz let 8. dixy) < & oa s = x8 =? 9 = admit) => dinw 4% let 26 BG9 2 dtx,247 > 2 é Blur) = € Bless) G Bleu - Bera & op| Gmertly } 4 | é a xr) | 9 370 2 bu) 6 Bont) 226 Bly $) tx ver ay, 487 4 dew & dong) edly? 2 dlxiy) +b 2a > TE we fare 8287 OP fot voll | woth. vs (Hed) eo Hi db able umbbut What UW te a subse Q x? fot uck camch = & U Take Azln Bs Mt? - 1th, U 2 U a open te (pid) be % nts $4 ¢d & ope Ds Is aerae ae AT | ee : dony) « Ixy!“ * PQs xe CabD Pero such that Cree, xe) & Cab) Dheotum » vBoiay spon, abot ofp OR om Figen ne tr cceuminbu? SONG 50), Alin wpm — Jivduwale (a,b) , abe > (-0,a), GR» Boj ° (4,09, ae(Rd gt UCR fe wpm. Mee U, bb ty et the rma ee open rittwol hat econtaue %. contains cr 2 CH apa cu DB x thn Cp, 6.7%iS (ax, bx) } uphue ax= & x= dn gacr | cl” bu = = dup h beR| ein 604 Clavin 3 2 oT te pean a Snir thot coniauris «onde contatius in ih a a8 cpa uN cry c U ay Ge oO pha | (a? eu3 2 P > ax Seeflony ne ° navcial iS oo ei |chuppose I> Al dy =P “FP le Ataed a ae BS => aie and ae%y Considers dx ¥ Ty > Te O Tu C Tx dude OUD cL =o ee = ce, Ue ALT cele Atmost countable: Vee. ym pek a ratonal 2e Te ° hb Q an defines ee: L-t map was Laer Que Bypink- ane Goan wolmost = tountable union.> aete and ae Ty Considers ax Oe Pee RO eg ie Te O Te C Dx ey in UV Dy cr => Tee =. Ty. O- tis xe Atmost countable: Mick 5 wk a yaktonal den le hh Q nei thts ° a Pd rote “Doers ane Bigoink: awe en volmost ~— countable union.<< ay A $s auton of ouedion of ofr balls. Hun A bs oper’ je OU neU ? Supy ose A gre tp be ope”. Veen | gree Ba C - UO B ac U,® adi UB: c ne A. Piro posthns oils Spleesectin Q Q op sh 8 oper. ht Aye An be ope se 8 X then 0 A i Ne see Prod). Het xe 0 An Ke LE Ayer ceca y EAD (xem ¥ £68 x9) Apis are ope.2 eee Caard CAR WK a Abr? qake AK min G31, Ay 07 ans Beer c AK WV 1eESN n \ ce © Ar se om ia Keo O Ak is oper k=Pin 7 4 | wf? 7, oly 2 fa (Kad ‘ Het (KA) be a gnobut space, ee TS dunt. Ue a0 of ah pun, Aalb Jn %. Dune bogx ed b Aabilrany union of spper- yl, de ite J L, White sre nf rear a gab dn J be 7 J: Topolony pabisrnurid Sy dhe antic Dpotogtea! Spaces eck X be non sunply ah. Aout fat ie op % whlch. oudion J OF pubes caus. 0 Tepety vou gui a. Aoife potnpwrdits 0.00, J 4 “pnd rrumbs of J au cold Opin hs ta Fhe Inpeyy J. (% I) fe roled a ee Examples ¢ 1 tb X be any non-empty sek. Te tb*9 brostt Hpp?lay- A topology on & fe » ® Anbther topolegty on x J= FPO 4s thes pelea generat by 4 allie 2 (DR aren) Ye. tonidn d= dieu mitue en X- (xdd Ba mitud 42%: Mh. dit sop Hobie ge fer Or cepetl Bbuse metus.“dopology -genasattl oy af og-fa subsels 4 xt even, Mebizable “topology * Bf a givin bepolegy on ¥ 6 enerdtid by amédid, ab f cetlct a ynituzable lopology .. Bump dd (Xd) be mile apace. Py ar rT ope” subse ROY ba depstogy. wn X, Example 5 CRod)_ dle) = Ix-y/ fat opr aie of R with sespe bd a the lsuat tepolegy on IR. | Example % | ae X= fab} ath Jo LAG Y, Jao topology 4s th a meticzable topology 2 No} | Droot. se a & 2 — 7 A ili? oy Xe dl ajb)= € C70) ni baw CBM 20 = Ly] ollab eens Tle mo Cau this fb on pn set rt bd But fay 7 ot St Sdimet fe groerateh by any mebte.Eaquivadent Prlobices metintes irda A X be a none ampty set. Two venorcttid con ao Atfel to be agpvalint ap topetgs 9 div ida sare ARe dame. ACK fs dy pen <> Ab da open > X= Gy ¥2D ye Cun) he. dy Gay = baru + Bert! de op = Tia ive doom? = max fFoand, bel ding) 2 f) oY 2 0 if ret a not sguivalint SOY dz (di/da) Nok: Disoti ematué | To pres | Produc a dubs R? wach ts net oper with suspect to de, Ban - J ye R? | datriun £4 NO Socteg > Bix © Bary) ; ao Us de Ops Siriloly, shaw thot EU elo open than U da Cee Propositions Two métuces dude au @ 9 7 equivalent ia ‘jen any ee X any, oper bal Bal xx) contains an open bell. writ duper & ds. 4 txp) ‘fpr sombSBas, ayo wand any pen Ayeult, Bazey, 29 Conlwns = ah beat pen al BY, bx, 39 for Some 30 ‘Using Thin popesitubee prove thot dide,d2 7 R? ay nyivalert. &Convergence th FA ehnt ope = | ' ; A Beiplenall nes was Mitt = ffiae 2B a, sfondein | faUN sax . Notakon 2 (pq) | Bubsequnn s CHP Mr enat. a # | Ga se YD | a AtQUence § | wt Dud) be 0 Mntbie space . Ay zequne Crm) | gx & 2aid tw — womiege be x tf Vere t } nwelN Aub that | Ax, xn? <2 Nin = N- Notahbn 2 dim Xn =% now | Examples ths wthddes | @ Te CRAd whew doxiyy = lx-yl> definite of tonveangine Q aeal prearbes usth — eashéy daguanie - @ Tr cian, ded. Let CHD mt = Cte, Lay Men) Lp ex CBee HD KEN ¥ero AneN co aps ue 2 dix, w <2 “YRan Hayy o ee a cb 4 der vot n-ad any --a) Se Mn tN pty — an) x Nin 3N 2 we I> ep 2 NANOTE? Re : : 7 : 2p 5 be a Suppose k= Catig, Rea 4 9002 TEP sequence Rr. xX x CXyeomXn) 7 spielen ae ee 7 dae wht di, 2, do, Example 5. =— Cotati, dod Ae GD = SP pea yee xXEToNT Roe wort de < Yer Ainem > sup | fn(X) - $x | <¢ MnaNn xe fol] ome Sh. imi ie Limit DL a samutngmer sisquumes (xn) wurgpe ans, veg soucig augpenc round. Maud of equume: | A squne (%) & a milud - (aly Yor pen SoS) wa Can, Xm) | ae Nom aN | Ageralet tyne uf Pe ite on) eea ome Upnstlt. Xn (Yo) X= Cond — dlmyd = [x-y] Show hak (yo bs auchy) @ sh» wot Yn % i ilCompleteness A mie poe (Xk) Ls compl fe iL troy auch, suguanes (209 th KX converges b On xEX, Rs cornptit CR, dad & compere | dt GH = (71. Yiaye0e, ind be a wouebiy | sigue oh RY (ter) aul Q w & compte. => Kye Me = (He sr0e, SR" ts conypste CR, lt) ts compet CR, dod 4 winplite compet. with suspect to diandasd Wolzien for some 2 ER Yen) —> (Iv%2y 002, In) ER? (OND pot | aumatud . | ony) = Ie-y | es z ° |G) Bovey th O01) but Um) x for | ary x & Coy) Suppose a Ine 101) thors A : S lo ES Pd, we | toe betes tet tnx ANEN “x fsa] x an 2] <€ Vn st fe“Phe {Ny Suppose In —>™ ace (0), Choose Noe N 2 us. f ude eth,” 0? Sure wm 3 ANE Auch that | V4 | h= ‘ nee lee = @ Oo ponhauiliche~ e (oid psi da a a {NNe® he ENO | Viceee Not conveyt le Qt not comple®- cforsidur © pacer err tan & &* auiudh rauduy « veRew tak oy apcampte ae (* i)Bounded el A uk bonnet un BC%, R ) (KH Ad 4h at umeKs Ryo D AC Dense sel A gubset b & xX (a. M8) ho doen ip a Vee x, 47% Blwyard ype Example Q 4 countable lina BR a & uancounlab, — dt e ceuntabte coon ee & QxaQ i Boundang a a ohat § ak % be yng and ACK of part & ger Bb oO Jpundavy “pane fA sty spun aol that totus 4, uletwts AOR Ad yp ene ivi . FO Ki aon b Ow boundanay spots ho- fray | yey? 21 5 y rey? £ cy) \ te wer gro ‘9® i OA2 Lear) waytsr = you Ears? eee | r]| pontine’ Burcliéns et Chri) cond CY, a) be seta apne y ver Aor s at ex ae 4 a Y us continuous fs fun ~€ _ thot dy) <6 = 4. ¢ protes i free i continues PT fon RR given by pa fom RHR gun by fmiyy = * a Cle Equivalent ay. & won nul aex containing, $2? abo Ne x3 fwd CV. flan 2 FO. Le # ton¥ruous tk G Gu an 2p? ad an opt? ak conte N Poles agh ees an by AequneShuounn 2 tok C1) amd Coda) De Haut Lpace. gi toy be Aa fundiirne « Lhe folorg Du Jqplvobune L gh wontirunun =ot xéex [ Vero at S70 > anys <6 @ d2 Cf, F) ce byin an pen set V containing, for &Y A an open set U conkah hg x PF fly cv. Lp W sequence — 2 aA xX DF M2, fltrn) > fla) Pt: Bho @=8 let V be an oper set BY DS fWer. 2u 9 gw7ery Vie open & contafns fim Ze Ey > (Gf), ev fa a mai woth rasp Sine -f & conffnuows at x | AS% 3 aAtmyr<8 =~ def. Su} ae Ng eo fly) é @ (din. a fw av te da metpee *s 4 020 & fe) (Wwheneve? dt Co Mi Hae) > $13). Supyese (an) —> 2 fim) —9 fe a yat nee - Ie 1 A rayote: ae PORE, [ESE 7 7 7 a evo ud whith nes usd a CFO 5 fo) ce qu» deg eo aly ie gig, FP) ue must show thet ie B= fre pome’ Ge. 2 ve ne ot 1,3 A(X xd Flo — gue ¥ but fn) A> find at Uae ate’ a rondpaclectiBo » a 0 3 Baac? : Sine, o% f @ wnkinusus at %- % In —7 % Anen Heamplet 3 dln? L& Yee : ee fee fone, > mé ce) ee ne & Show that 4% a $(v v 4 Hand € ¢ 4lzr2 £2 wp e® syd |) Gnas? & YD 2 fon) > fO0.r Deatclet Is Fanti 400 = f' 46 OQ ° a4Q, let pbea vihonel. “fake a Ue4quenie %n& Qo F > Pow=—o LY f=, imi lady £ Ls not hthuouy, ak 4, 16 IRN LG. eae eg Fe) = a { xe@ Oo 6 EQ $_- wonlinuous at x=0, Thomae funchion Ape= l iL xro Yn If X=mm © QE 2 mf X46 let X%EQ. Take a Aey, (Xm) é RV @ f(x) =0