Name: ROSIE L.

LANGOTAN MAED 2- ENGLISH September 3, 2021

a. Original text

Paralinguistics

When individuals speak, they do not normally confine themselves to the mere
emission of speech sounds. Because speaking usually involves at least two parties in sight of
each other, a great deal of meaning is conveyed by facial expression and movements and
postures of the whole body but especially of the hands; these are collectively known
as gestures. The contribution of bodily gestures to the total meaning of a conversation is in
part culturally determined and differs in different communities. Just how important these
visual symbols are may be seen when one considers how much less effective phone
conversation is as compared with conversation face to face. Again, the part played in
emotional contact and in the expression of feelings by facial expressions and tone of voice,
quite independently of the words used, has been shown in tests in which subjects have been
asked to react to sentences that appear as friendly and inviting when read but are spoken
angrily and, conversely, to sentences that appear as hostile but are spoken with friendly facial
expressions. It is found that it is the visual accompaniments and tone of voice that elicit the
main emotional response. A good deal of sarcasm exploits these contrasts, which are
sometimes described under the heading of paralanguage.

Just as there are paralinguistic activities such as facial expressions and bodily
gestures integrated with and assisting the communicative function of spoken language, so
there are vocally produced noises that cannot be regarded as part of any language, though
they help in communication and in the expression of feeling. These include laughter, shouts
and screams of joy, fear, pain, and so forth, and conventional expressions of disgust, triumph,
and so on, traditionally spelled ugh!, ha ha!, and so on, in English. These sorts of nonlexical
expressions are much more similar in form and meaning throughout humankind as a whole,
in contrast to the great diversity of languages. They are also far less arbitrary than most of the
lexical components of language, and they are much nearer the cries of animals produced
under similar circumstances and serve similar expressive and communicative purposes (as far
as animals’ intentions and behaviour can be understood). Some people have tried to trace the
origin of language itself to them.
 b. Summarized text

Paralinguistics

Paralinguistics are the aspects of spoken communication that do not involve words.
There are at least two categories: meaning as conveyed by facial expression and movements;
and gestures as conveyed by the whole body, especially hands. Bodily gestures contribute to
the total meaning of conversation which culturally differ from one community to another. The
importance of visual symbols is seen when we compare communication through phone calls
versus face to face communication. It is found that it is the visual accompaniments and tone
of voice that elicit the main emotional response. Apparently, emotional contact and facial
expressions along with tone of voice, are quite independent of the words used in a
conversation- by which are sometimes described under the heading of paralanguage.

Further, paralinguistic activities: facial expressions and gestures have been tied up
with the communicative function of spoken language. However, there are vocally produced
noises that cannot be regarded as part of any language, though they help in communication
and in the expression of feeling. These include laughter, shouts and screams of joy, fear, pain,
and so forth, and conventional expressions of disgust, triumph, and so on, traditionally
spelled ugh!, ha ha!, and so on, in English- they are called non-lexical expressions. They are
also far less arbitrary than most of the lexical components of languages- it charges that the
cries of animals is similar to the expressive and communicative purpose, so long that they can
be understood. Tracing the origin of language is still a subject of people’s research.
 c. Evaluation

CRITERIA VGE GE SE LE N
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1. The summary accurately reflects the message of /
the original text
2. The summary rewarded the key ideas in the /
original text without compromising the
accuracy or content.
3. The summary incorporates only the key ideas. /
4. The summary does not contain any personal /
comments or opinions.
5. The summary cites sources properly. /
6. The summary is shorter than the original text. /
7. The summary uses the appropriate reporting /
verbs.
8. The summary uses different heading formats. /
9. The summary has smooth transitions. /
10. The summary is free from grammatical errors. /
TOTAL 35 12