REVIEWER (POLITICS)

WEEK 4

POWER is the ability to influence or outright control the behavior of people. Power can be seen as evil or unjust.

Power is the ability of a person to influence another person or group to performan act.

Nature of Power
• Power can be defined in many ways. Most simply, it is the ability to get what you want, or as scholar Kenneth Boulding said,
power is "the ability to change the future."
• "Power over" is the ability to dominate another person or group--as in "I have power over him. This means, "I have the ability
to make him do what I want him to do." Power-over usually comes from force and threat. If the subordinate fails to do what
he or she is asked to do, the dominant person will use force to make the subordinate person comply.
• "Power to" is the ability to do something on one’s own--it refers to one’s abilities. Sources of this kind of power are intellect,
resources, knowledge, stamina, etc. These resources give some people the power to accomplish things that others cannot.
• "Power with" is similar to "power to" in that it reflects ability, but "power with" is the ability to work with others to get
something done by cooperation. This is the power of consensus—the power of people working together to solve a common
problem.

Dimensions of Power
The real decision-making power, the power to vote on legislation, introduce new bills rests with political actors. However they
are influenced by a number of other factors such as their constituents, lobbyists and pressure groups and I think that this view
of power fails to highlight how the political agenda can be controlled or manipulated. Power is often exercised in a much more
subtle way that the one dimensional view suggests.
• Steven Lukes defines the concept of power by saying that “A exercise power over B when A affects B in a manner contrary to
B’s Interests.”
• He describes power as having three dimensions and has divided power into three distinct faces’, each focusing on a specific
aspect of power.

1. Decision-making Power
• ‘open face of power’
• The ability to control or influence in an open and direct way.
• In the classical idea of political power, meaning the government has the power to make decisions on behalf of the people.

2. Agenda-setting Power
• “power is exercised behind closed doors”
• This is because you can decide or limit what will be discussed and more importantly what cannot be discussed, effectively
controlling the situation.
• Power is not just about decision making, it is about preventing decisions being made or reducing the choices which can be
made.

3. Ideological Power
• Power to shape desires
• It seeks to identify “ the means though which power influences, shapes and determines conceptions of necessities,
possibilities and strategies of challenge in situation of conflict.”

Types of Power
Power has been an important aspect of human civilization since time immemorial.
Power might be physical, political or social. In the context of business as well, power dynamics tend
to influence decisions and people transactions heavily.
• Coercive Power- This kind of power involves the usage of threat to make people do what one desires. In the organizational
set up, it translates into threatening someone with transfer, firing, demotions etc. it basically forces people to submit to one’s
demand for the fear of losing something.
• Reward Power- As the name suggests, this type of power uses rewards, perks, new projects or training opportunities, better
roles and monetary benefits to influence people. However, an interesting aspect of this type of power is that, it is not powerful
enough in itself, as decisions related to rewards do not rest solely with the person promising them, because in organizations, a
lot of other people come into play like senior managers and board.
• Legitimate Power- This power emanates from an official position held by someone, be it in an organization, bureaucracy or
government etc. The duration of this power is short lived as a person can use it only till the time he/she holds that position, as
well as, the scope of the power is small as it is strictly defined by the position held.
• Expert Power- This is a personal kind of power which owes its genesis to the skills and expertise possessed by an individual,
which is of higher quality and not easily available. In such a situation, the person can exercise the power of knowledge to
influence people. Since, it is very person specific and skills can be enhanced with time; it has more credibility and respect.
• Referent Power- This is a power wielded by celebrities and film stars as they have huge following among masses, who like
them, identify with them and follow them. Hence, they exert lasting influence on a large number of people for a large number
of decisions; like from what car to buy to which candidate to choose for a higher office in the country.

Consequences of Power
The consequences of using coercive power
No one likes to be threatened. Department members may do what the head wants if they are threatened with political, social,
financial – or even physical (!) – retribution if they do not, but coercion is also likely to cause anger and alienation. As a
consequence, even if department members appear to agree to a head's demand, they may follow the letter but not the spirit of
a new policy, refuse to enact it when no one is watching them, sabotage it, and be less willing to accept the head's influence in
the future.

Week 5-6
Globalization as a Context of Relations among Nation States
State
A nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government Is a political community that has
sovereign jurisdiction over a clearly defined territory and exercises authority through several institutions including the
government.
FIVE FEATURES OF A STATE:
1. It is a sovereign 2. Its institutions are public 3. It is an instrument of domination 4. It is a territorial association
FOUR ELEMENTS OF A STATE:
1. SOVEREIGNTY 2. GOVERNMENT 3. TERRITORY 4. PEOPLE
SOVEREIGNTY
Refers to both jurisdiction ( the ability of a state to exercise its authority over its territory and people)
and independence( the freedom from external control).
GOVERNMENT
Is the machinery of the state through which the people’s will is formulated and carried out.
TERRITORY
Includes all the land, sea and airspace the state exercises jurisdiction on.
PEOPLE
Is the organization of human beings living together as a community.
TYPES OF STATES
A. EFFECTIVE B. WEAK C. FAILED
EFFECTIVE • The state controls and taxes the entire territory • Laws are mostly obeyed.
• The state provides general welfare and security • There exists only minor corruption
WEAK • Crime has penetrated politics • Government is weak in fighting lawlessness, corruption and poverty
• Justice is bought and elections are often rigged • Government revenues go to private pocket
FAILED • No national government exists • The state is ruled by warlords, private army and militia
• “Gun” is the law. • Education and health standards decline

GLOBALIZATION AND THE NATION-STATE

A process which diminishes necessity of a common and shared territorial basis for social, economic, political activities,
processes and relations.
Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world
views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture “Trend toward greater economic, cultural,
political and technological interdependence among national institutions and economics.”
DIMENTION OF GLOBALIZATION
SOCIAL DIMENTION OF GLOBALIZATION
• Social globalization refers to human interaction within cultural communities, encompassing topics like family, religion, work
and education.
• Influx of foreign culture for example fast food and get live sports on TV via satellite
• Internationally popular films, books and TV series have been successful and globally recognizable.
ECONIMICAL DIMENTION OF GLOBALIZATION
• Efficient market • Spreading wealth • Increased competition • Economies of scale
• Technological innovation • Foreign Direct Investment
POLITICAL DIMENTION OF GLOBALIZATION
• Political activities keep changing over time
• Organizations are operated via political integration schemes.
• Organization of politics is divided into several subsets.
Globalization and nation-states are not in contradiction, since globalization is the present stage of capitalist development, and
the nation-state is the territorial political unit that organizes the space and population in the capitalist system.
Globalization also creates a sense of interdependence among nations, which could create an imbalance of power among
nations of differing economic strengths. The role of the nation-state in a global world is largely a regulatory one as the chief
factor in global interdependence.
Globalization has deeply influence people's life and working style, globalization makes world integrity closely and makes
people's life become more and more convenient, and it brings many benefits to people. Not only have deeply impact on
people's life, but also influence the nation-state more or less. It influences the nation-state's sovereignty integrity, impact on
their economic development and their national culture. Although it changes the nation-state original condition, it still
brings them some positive influence. It helps nation-state develop better and better. Therefore, globalization both gives those
chances and challenges, restructuring politics, economic penetration and communication between multinational culture and
national culture.

Week 7-8
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans using rafts or boats at least 67,000
years ago as the 2007 discovery of Callao Man suggested. Negrito groups first inhabited the isles. Groups of Austronesians later
migrated to the islands.
Scholars generally believe that these social groups eventually developed into various settlements or polities with varying
degrees of economic specialization, social stratification, and political organization. Some of these settlements (mostly those
located on major river deltas) achieved such a scale of social complexity that some scholars believe they should be considered
early states. This includes the predecessors of modern-day population centers such as Maynila, Tondo, Pangasinan, Cebu,
Panay, Bohol, Butuan, Cotabato, Lanao, and Sulu as well as some polities, such as Ma-i, whose possibly location are still the
subject of debate among scholars.
These polities were either influenced by the Indian Hindu religion, language, culture, literature and philosophy from India
through many campaigns from India including the South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra Chola I, Islam from Arabia or were
Sinified tributary states allied to China. These small maritime states flourished from the 1st millennium. These kingdoms traded
with what are now called China, India, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The remainder of the settlements were
independent barangays allied with one of the larger states.
The first recorded visit by Europeans is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted Samar Island on March 16, 1521 and
landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Spanish colonization began with the arrival of
Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico. He established the first permanent settlement in
Cebu. Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines.
Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law and the oldest modern university in Asia. The
Philippines was ruled under the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain until Mexican independence. After which, the colony
was directly governed by Spain. Spanish rule ended in 1898 with Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War. The
Philippines then became a territory of the United States.
American rule was not uncontested. The Philippine Revolution had begun in August, 1896 against Spain, and after the defeat of
Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay began again in earnest, culminating in the Philippine Declaration of Independence and the
establishment of the First Philippine Republic. The Philippine–American War ensued, with extensive damage and death, and
ultimately resulting in the defeat of the Philippine Republic.
The United States established the Insular Government to rule the Philippines.
In 1907, the elected Philippine Assembly was convened as the lower house of a bicameral legislature and in 1916 the U.S.
Federal Government formally promised independence in the Jones Act. The Philippine Commonwealth was established in 1935,
as a 10-year interim step prior to full independence. Before independence, World War II began and Japan occupied the
Philippines.
After the end of the war, the Treaty of Manila established an independent Philippine Republic. In 1972, Philippine President
Ferdinand Marcos imposed martial law. Following theassassination of Ninoy Aquino, Marcos held snap elections in 1986 and
subsequently fled the country during the People Power Revolution which installed Cory Aquino as president and reestablished
democracy.
The Pre-Spanish Government
The early Filipinos had a government which they called “balangay”. Rajah or Datu is called for those head or leader. There were
three social classes at that time namely: The Maharlika (Nobles), The Timawas (Freemen) and the Apilin (Slaves). Visavan
Famire was established with a seat in Sumatra about the 7th century, and extended to the places now known as Java, Sumatra,
the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas, and the Philippine Islands. At the end of the 13th century a new empire
called Majapahit was founded in Java, which absorbed the Shri-Visayan kingdom. At about the end of the 14th century, this
new empire comprised all the territories controlled by the Shri-Visayan empire as well as Siam, French Indo-China, Borneo and
New Guinea.
The culture which predominated in these two empires was Hindu. The greatest pre-Spanish influence on the Philippines was,
therefore, the Hindu influence. Hindu culture had given the early Filipinos a system of writing, a mass of religious ideas and
practices, though not a well-defined religion, and a general culture far superior to that of the aborigines, the Negritos. It had
taught them some mechanical and industrial art such as metal working} but it had not greatly changed the structure of society,
nor had it brought in ideas of a welldefined national political organization. "At the time of the Spanish discovery according to H.
Otley Beyer not only were the more civilized Filipinos using the Indian syllabaries for writing, but their native mythology, folk-
lore and written literature all had a distinct Indian cast.
The same was true of their codes of laws and their names for all sorts of political positions and procedure. The more
cultured Philippine languages contain many Sanskrit words, and the native art a noticeable sprinkling of Indian design. A strong
Brahmanistic religious element was also certainly introduced, though it seems to have affected chiefly a limited class, while the
mass of the people still clung to their more ancient pagan worship." Time and again scholars have affirmed that the Filipino
people did not gain as great material benefits from the Spanish occupation as they did spiritual ones.
Government in the Philippines under the Spanish rule
During the Spanish period, the people of the Philippines were governed indirectly by the King of Spain through the Viceroy of
Mexico. In theory, he was highest government official in the country, in practice though frailocracy “rule of the friars”. Mexico,
the former colony of Spain, gained her freedom in 1821 and ruled directly by Spain until 1898.
The Government during the American Regime
Americans started the military rule in the Philippines on August 14, 1898.
President of US delegated his authority to the military governor who exercised all powers of the government (as long as the war
lasted) -executive, legislative and judiciary.
The Government under the Japanese Occupation
Japanese military administration was Establish in Manila on January 3, 1942. Philippine
Executive Commission is the civil government established with Jorge B. Vargas as Chairman.
Ultimate source of authority was the Japanese administrators. It was dissolved on August 17, 1945.

Week 6 Executive branch

Executive
The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a
term of six years. The Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large
portion of the country's bureaucracy.
Legislative
The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments, and has the authority to declare war.
This branch includes Congress (the Senate and House of Representatives) and several agencies that provide support services to
Congress.
Judiciary
The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and
decides if laws violate the Constitution. The judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court
and in such lower courts as may be established by law.
THE PRESIDENT
Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power on the President of the
Philippines. The president is the Head of State of Government, and functions as the commander-inchief of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines. As chief executive, the President exercises over all the
executive departments, bureaus, and officers.
The President of the Philippines
According to the Official Gazette, The President of the Philippines is elected by direct vote
by the people for a term of six years. He may only serve for one term, and is in eligible for election.
The term of the President of the Philippines starts at noon of the 30th day of June after the election.
QUALIFICATIONS
The qualification for an individual aspiring to become the President of the Philippines are outlined in Article VII, Section 2 of the
1987 Constitution, According to the constitution, an individual may become President provided he meets the following Criteria:
• Natural born Filipino; • A register voter; • Must be able to read and write;
• 40 years of age at the day the election; and must have resided in the Philippines ten years before the election is held.
POWER OF THE PRESIDENT
Besides the constitution, the powers of the Philippines are specially outlined in Executive Order No. 292, s. 1987, otherwise
known as the Administrative Code of 1987. The following powers are:
1. Power of control over the executive branch
The President of the Philippines has the mandate of control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices. This
includes restructuring, reconfiguring, and appointments of their respective officials. The Administrative Code also provides for
the President to be responsible for the above mentioned offices’ strict implementation of laws.\
2. Power of ordinance
The President of the Philippines has the power to give executive issuances, which are means to streamline the policy and
programs of an administration. There are six issuances that the President may issue. They are the following as defined in the
Administrative Code of 1987:
Note: It is important to note that during the term of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, he used executive issuances known as
presidential decrees as a form of legislation. These decrees have the full force and effect of laws because at the time the
legislature did not exist and, when the 1973 Constitution was put into full force and effect, it gave the power to the President to
do as such. This continued until the first year of President Corazon C. Aquino’s term. However, President Aquino opted to used
executive orders instead of presidential decrees. President Aquino’s executive orders, however, still had the full force and effect
of laws until the ratification of the 1987 Constitution.
3. Power over aliens
The President of the Philippines has certain powers over non-Filipinos in the Philippines.
The powers he may exercise over foreigners in the country are as follows:
• The chief executive may have an alien in the Philippines deported from the country after due process.
• The President may change the status of a foreigner, as prescribed by law, from a nonimmigrant status to a permanent
resident status without necessity of visa.
• The President may choose to overrule the Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration before their decision
becomes final and executory (after 30 days of the issuance of the decision). The Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of
Immigration has jurisdiction over all deportation cases.
• The president is also mandated by the Administrative Code of 1987 to exercise powers as recognized by the generally
accepted principles of international law.
4. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and recovery of ill-gotten wealth.
The President of the Philippines has the authority to exercise the power of eminent domain.
The power of eminent domains means the state has the power to seize or authorize the seizure of private property for public
use with just compensation. There are two constitutional provisions, however, that limit the exercise of such power: Article III,
Section 9 (1) of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of his/her life, liberty, or property without due
process of law. Furthermore, Article III, Section 9 (2), provides that private property shall not be taken for public use without
just compensation.
5. Power of appointment The President may appoint officials of the Philippine government as provided by the constitution and
laws of the Philippines. Some of these appointments, however, may need the approval of the Committee on Appointments (a
committee composed of members from the House of Representatives and the Senate of the Philippines).
6. Power of general supervision over local governments
The President of the Philippines, as chief executive, has the mandate to supervise local governments in the Philippines, despite
their autonomous status as provided by Republic Act No. 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991.
Traditionally, this is done by the Department of the Interior and Local Government, headed by a cabinet secretary—an alter ego
of the President.
Other powers
Article 7 Section 18 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines and whenever it becomes necessary, he
may call out such armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. In case of invasion or rebellion,
when the public safety requires it, he may, for a period not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law. Within forty-eight hours from the proclamation of martial
law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, the President shall submit a report in person or in writing to
the Congress. The Congress, voting jointly, by a vote of at least a majority of all its Members in regular or special session, may
revoke such proclamation or suspension, which revocation shall not be set aside by the President. Upon the initiative of the
President, the Congress may, in the same manner, extend such proclamation or suspension for a period to be determined by
the Congress, if the invasion or rebellion shall persist and public safety requires it.
Line of succession
The constitution provides for a line of succession in the event that the elected President of the Philippines is not able to
discharge the duties of his office due to death, disability, or resignation.
The following is the line of succession:
Vice President — in cases of the death, disability, or resignation of the President
Senate President — in cases of the death, disability, or resignation of the President and Vice
President
Speaker of the House of Representatives — in cases of the death, disability, or resignation of the
President, Vice President, and Senate President
THE VICE PRESIDENT
The Vice President of the Philippines is elected by direct vote by the people for a term of six years, and may run for reelection
once. The term of the Vice President of the Philippines starts at noon of the 30th day of June after a regular election is held.
QUALIFICATIONS
The qualifications for aspirants to the Office of the Vice President are outlined in Article VII,
Section 3. According to the constitution, the qualifications for the President are the same for the
Vice President.
Duties of the vice president
According to the constitution, the vice president may concurrently assume a cabinet position should the President of the
Philippines offer the former one. The vice president will become a secretary concurrent to the position of vice president.
Aside from the cabinet post, the vice president is mandated to assume the presidency in case of the death, disability, or
resignation of the incumbent President.

Week 7 The Legistative

Legislative
The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments, and has the authority to declare war.
This branch includes Congress (the Senate and House of Representatives) and several agencies that provide support services to
Congress.
Basic Structures
There are two basic structures for legislative branches of government:
1. Unicameral The legislative branch consists of one chamber/house
2. Bicameral Legislative power is vested in two chambers/houses
The Philippine Congress
The Philippine Congress is the country’s legislative department (Art. VI, Sec. 1)
o Congress is bicameral o Upper House: Senate o Lower House: House of Representatives
N.B.: Senators are Congressmen
The Legislative Branch
• From the Latin lex,legis meaning law
• The legislative branch broadly deals with the making, deliberation over, enactment, amendment and repealing of laws.
THE SENATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE
Composition -24 Senators
Composition -200 district representative -50 party list
Qualifications
-Natural born citizen -At least 35 years old on the day of election -Literate (can read and write) -Registered voter
-Philippine resident for 2 years prior to election day
Qualifications
-Natural born citizen -At least 25 years old on the day of election -Literate (can read and write)
-Registered voter of the district -Philippine resident for 1 year prior to election day
Terms of Office
-6 years - Maximum of 2 terms
Terms of Office
-3 years - Maximum of 3 terms
Officers of the Senate
• President • President Pro-tempore • Majority Floor Leader • Minority Floor Leader • Secretary • Sgt. –at-Arms
Senate Committees
• Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations • Committee on Accounts Committee on Agrarian Reform
• Committee on Agriculture and Food • Committee on Banks, Financial Institutions and Currencies
• Committee on Civil Service and Government Reorganization • Committee on Constitutional Amendments, Revision of Codes
and Laws • Committee on Cooperatives Committee on Cultural Communities Committee on Economic Affairs
• Committee on Education, Arts and Culture Committee on Energy • Committee on Environment and Natural Resources
• Committee on Ethics and Privileges Committee on Finance • Committee on Foreign Relations
• Committee on Games, Amusement and Sports • Committee on Government Corporations and Public Enterprises
• Committee on Health and Demography Committee on Justice and Human Rights • Committee on Labor, Employment and
Human Resources Development • Committee on Local Government • Committee on National Defense and Security
• Committee on Peace, Unification and Reconciliation • Committee on Public Information and Mass Media
• Committee on Public Order and Illegal Drugs • Committee on Public Services Committee on Public Works Committee on Rules
• Committee on Science and Technology Committee on Social Justice, Welfare and Rural Development
• Committee on Tourism • Committee on Trade and Commerce Committee on Urban Planning, Housing and Resettlement
• Committee on Ways and Means • Committee on Youth, Women and Family Relations
Officers of the House of Representatives
• Speaker • Deputy Speakers • Majority Floor Leader • Minority Floor Leader
House Committees (58 House Committees)
• Accounts • Cooperatives Development • Dangerous Drugs • Ecology • Economic Affairs • Foreign Affairs • Games and
Amusements • Health Human Rights Justice • Labor and Employment Local Government • Metro Manila Development •
Mindanao Affairs • Muslim Affairs • Population and Family Relations • Social Services Trade and Industry • Veterans Affairs and
Welfare • Women and Gender Equality
PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITIES
Parliamentary Privileges
Congressmen have two parliamentary privileges while Congress is in session:
1.Privilege from arrest Immunity from offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment
2. Privilege of speech and debate Immunity from libel and slander

It’s Sessions
• Regular Session • Special Session • Joint Session
Powers of Congress
1. Appointment of Public Officials 2. Legislative inquiry and investigation
3. Declare the existence of a state of war 4. Ratify the country’s international treaties (Senate)
5. Authorize limited emergency powers for the President 6. Approve the government budget
7. Undertake projects under the CDF 8. Propose, review, and adopt bills for enactment into law
9. Overturn a Presidential veto with respect to proposed legislation 10. Allow for referenda
11. Propose amendments to the constitution and call for a constitutional convention.
Legislative Limitations
Congress may not:
1. Increase appropriations recommended by the executive branch
2. Pass tax exemptions without the concurrence of a majority of its members
3. Grant titles of nobility 4. Pass ex post facto bills 5. Pass bills of attainder

Trends reviewer
Week 1
Trend => it’s effective, has more than a year experience, has high popularityand long term popularity, socially constructed,
recurrent phenomenon sustained over time and has a high market demand.
Characteristics of trends
=> Duration of time => The lifespan of product or ideas that become trend do not dissappear quickly. Trends have long staying
power and enjoy a long period of popularity.
=> Acceptability => Trends are usual popularly accepted by many industries and people.
=> Culture Basis => A trend is rooted on the people’s cultural traditions, belief, and values. It continues becaause people see it
as part of society.
=> Transitory Increase or Decrease => a trend shows a transitory increase or decrease of a particular idea, event, or
phenomenon.
Types of Trend
Micro Trend – These are the little things that happen all around us. Trends that are so common we get used to it.
Macro Trend - These are the trend that can endure for surprisingly a long time. It also a trend that affect the Society.
Mega Trend – These are the trend that can stay healthy foe a decade or last for 10 more years.
Giga Trend – These are the trend that go on for half a century or more. A trend that are so general, they affect most areas of
human life.
Week 2
FAD AND TREND
FAD Short time > Quick > Not flexible > Single Use > Not endorse by big companies
TREND Long time > Slow > Flexible > Innovate > Endorsed by big companies
Difference between Trend and Fad
Fad – appears suddenly and can become popular that everyone will talk about it, but only for a short period of time.
Trend – appears suddenly and can become popular that everyone will talk about it, and it changes and develops that can lasts
for a long period of time or maybe never dissapears.
Week 3
Strategic Analysis
> ANTICIPATE > THINK CRITICALLY > INTERPRET > DECIDE > ALIGN > LEARN >
Anticipate the problem or the struggle
Think critically SWOT ( STRENGTH, WEAK, OPPORTUNITY, THREAT)
Interpret options to solve the problem ( A,B,C,..)
Decide your best solution ( in your opinion)
Align was you problem solved or not? Why? (analysis)
Learn Life lesson that you learn to your problem and solution.
Week 4
Global Migration => movement of a person or group of people from one place to another with the purpose of relocating their
residence, either temporarily or permanently
TWO TYPES OF MIGRATION
INTERNAL MIGRATION > Moving within a state or country
EXTERNAL MIGRATION > Moving to different state or country
People move for * safety *political conflict * economic betterment * family *Career * Education
Week 5
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. This shift may be natural, such as through
variations in the solar cycle. But since3 1800’s human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to
burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas.
Effect of climate change
> hotter temperature (rising temperature) > increase drought > melting graciels > lost of species >warming rising oceans
> more severe storms > more health risk > not enough foods > poverty and displacements.
Solutions to stop climate change
> bike more, drive less > educate > volunteer > 3r > conserve water > shop wisely > etc.