Note; ikaw na lang mag ayos hindi kasi ako marunong mag ano ng rrl

(ito ay nakaparaphrase na)

Superordinate Goals (Shared Values)

According to Baldegger (2012), different tasks in today's workplace are

interconnected. The success of an employee is greatly reliant on the efforts of others.

As a result, setting goals for a single person is difficult (or a single group). It's also tough

to evaluate the relative relevance of different bundles of goals in order to establish the

contribution to the enterprise's superordinate goals.

As said by Lewandowski et al. (2017), in order for SMEs to work effectively,

employees must share a similar knowledge of the organization's superordinate goals

and be aware of their mutual interdependencies. Congruence between the internal

environment and entrepreneurial activity is critical for the local public enterprise's long-

term sustainability. These actions will lack focus and productivity if there isn't a fine level

of congruence.

It is important, based on Schultz (2013), to identify a superordinate goal in order to

develop and communicate a relevant organizational purpose. Look for a clear and

meaningful reason for the existence of the organization. Define the main goal of the

company. Bring people together around a common theme that explains why the

organization exists, what it does, and where it plans to go in the future.

 Mühlfeld (2012) claims that in order to attain a superordinate goal, a number of

individual acts must be organized, which is accomplished through the use of a strategy.

This strategy is the consequence of a deliberate, purpose-driven intellectual process

that occurs before the actions are taken.

Pilorget (2015) shared that the foundation for establishing common performance

indicators is a shared awareness of the enterprise's superordinate aims and a thorough

grasp of its processes.

Links:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=tn9AdBibOpgC&pg=PA184&dq=superordinate+goals+ENTERPRISE&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ah
UKEwj_2b_Q6cr2AhUhE6YKHc6yDgYQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=superordinate%20goals
%20ENTERPRISE&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=95zgDQAAQBAJ&dq=superordinate+goals+ENTERPRISE&hl=fil&source=gbs_navlinks_s

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=KHXSBQAAQBAJ&dq=superordinate+goals+ENTERPRISE&hl=fil&source=gbs_navlinks_s 

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=SlEGCAAAQBAJ&dq=superordinate+goals+ENTERPRISE&hl=fil&source=gbs_navlinks_s

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=R-
2bBgAAQBAJ&dq=SUPERORDINATE+GOALs+enterprise&hl=fil&source=gbs_navlinks_s

(ito ay hindi pa strategy hanggang skills)

Strategy
 Strategy has to be embraced as something open, not closed. It is a system that

moves, evolves and changes. It comes into focus over time as you analyze and reflect

on your business and work through each step of the process. Andersen et.al (2019)

SMEs have to strategize their firm in adapting knowledge management through the

latest technology in order to innovate and hence to sustain competitive advantage

against other competitors. Othman, et.al 2017)

Strategy planner can help you quickly understand and possess the wisdom of Sun

Tzu's The Art of War so that you plan more effectively, strategize more intelligently,

make your decisions more effectively, take your actions more competitively, quickly win,

quickly succeed, quickly achieve your business goals, quickly accomplish your core

mission, and quickly make money as a leading business authority and a small business

owner. Tzu et. al,. (2020).

The second element of the SME is its goal direction or goal orientation. While goal

direction and goal orientation are clearly important, the concept of SME strategy also is

vital. Strategy may be seen in broader terms than goals as it embraces a number of

processes and forces for change, including SME competitiveness, innovation,

transformation and renewal, structure, culture, leadership, and learning. It is not only

about making money. Strategy ought to be an attempt by the SME to fit its external

operating environment and to exploit the planning environment so that the SMEs capital

and employees may be maximised. Sheehan, M. J. (2013).

 Today's highly dynamic and competitive world contends a new and more

contemporary perspective to strategic management in SMEs as well. Andersen et.al

(2019)

Links:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=73qFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&dq=how+sme+strategy&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihoqr-
icz2AhUiNKYKHYkADvI4KBDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=how%20sme
%20strategy&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=5Zc6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&dq=how+sme+strategized&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyxKva4
tj2AhWEQPUHHZ0CAGY4ChDoAXoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=how%20sme
%20strategized&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=gAkIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA200&dq=how+sme+strategized&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjliMPs5
9j2AhVDAYgKHSCiAbw4HhDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=how%20sme
%20strategized&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=NjHuvw_Uc6IC&pg=PA46&dq=sme+strategy&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi28dP07tj2AhVSZ
94KHRBHAdA4FBDoAXoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=sme%20strategy&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=73qFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&dq=sme+strategy&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifu-
iC8Nj2AhWRQd4KHdb6A544HhDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=sme%20strategy&f=false

Structure

Organisational structure is the formal system by which an organisation performs its

tasks in the achievement of its goals. Depending on the size of the SME, it may be

simple or complex, formal or informal, and centralised or decentralised. There may be

an organisational chart provided to inform employees of reporting relationships, roles,

and broad responsibilities. It also gives direction for employee behaviour and the

reporting relationships may then be recognised in terms of authority and bureaucracy. It

may also suggest a mechanistic or organic system of work and demonstrate control and

empowerment. Sheehan (2013)

One type of SME is managed by an entrepreneur, who favours and exemplifies an

open organisational culture. New technologies are used in all departments. His

employees work in interdisciplinary teams and the communication between the teams is

assisted for instance by periodical meetings. Due to the knowledge and use of new

information and communication technologies it would be possible to implement a virtual

community or an internet platform to start idea competitions. The open communication

inside the SME will support the process of separating and implementing usable external

knowledge. Jeschke et. al (2012)

SMEs have a transparent and straightforward organizational structure and a faster

and more efficient information flow process, ownership (e.g. whether the business is

independently owned). Hyz (2019)

SMEs are then characterized by an absence of standardization, formal working

relationships and having a flat organizational structure where staff development is

limited. (IRMA, 2015)

 An independent owner can be free in shaping the organizational structure of their

business. Since SMEs, and MSMEs especially, employ relatively few people, their

structures are simple, flattened and little formalized, which makes them more agile in

effect. Rudawska (2018)

Links:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=NjHuvw_Uc6IC&pg=PA45&dq=how+managers+in+small+and+medium+enterprise+achieve+
organizational+goals&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhtpHGueH2AhUILpQKHWf2C5E4ChDoAXo
ECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=how%20managers%20in%20small%20and%20medium
%20enterprise%20achieve%20organizational%20goals&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=PTlEAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA148&dq=type+of+staff+in+smes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG75
zl1-L2AhVvFqYKHW2jBo44MhDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=type%20of%20staff%20in
%20smes&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=IqiaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30&dq=organizational+structure+sme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi
jidbopfT2AhUfqVYBHTPIBA04HhDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=organizational%20structure
%20sme&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=3-
WfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA269&dq=organizational+structure+sme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWl
rTfp_T2AhXwqVYBHZlZDxE4PBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=organizational%20structure
%20sme&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=WjdYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147&dq=organizational+structure+sme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUK
Ewji4Y-4q_T2AhVhm1YBHXU-Ax84ZBDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=organizational
%20structure%20sme&f=false

System

It seems that informal recruitment methods are used in SMEs, because the whole

process of advertising, initial telephone screening, eliminating through resumes,

curriculum vitaes (CVS) or application forms, shortlisting, interviewing. checking

references and making a selection decision is considered to be costly and lost time for

many SMEs. (Machado 2013)

Initially thought to be cost-effective for only very large companies, enterprise

systems are now being implemented in SME's to reduce costs, improve service, and

increase sales revenue. A firm's finance and accounting personnel play a dual role in

the implementation of such a system: (1) they must ensure a good payback on the

investment in information systems and (2) they must also ensure that the system meets

the needs of the finance and accounting organization. (Stair and Reynolds, 2020)

Links:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=HiBHAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119&dq=importance+of+staff+in+smes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKE
wiK4Pab5OL2AhVkJaYKHS5lC0M4MhDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=importance%20of
%20staff%20in%20smes&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=m7AEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA397&dq=information+system+in+sme+business&hl=en&sa=X&ve
d=2ahUKEwj2yfiU1vb2AhXQg1YBHYRuAhA4KBDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=information
%20system%20in%20sme%20business&f=false

Staff

In any organization the number of managerial levels largely depends on its size. In

small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), management teams may consist of only the

owner and his or her own people. Rajesh (2020)

 An SME may be a one-person organisation or it may comprise of people or groups

of people who interact with each other to achieve a common set of goals. The

interactions are consciously developed and coordinated and tend to be premeditated.

Thus, most SMEs are, in the first instance, social entities in which people interact to

perform the duties and functions required by the owner or manager to achieve SME

goals. Sheehan (2013)

According to Negron et.al (2020) SME staff has three features: limited staff, many

activities and lack of process culture.

SMEs, especially those with limited resources and facing tough challenges, need to

identify employees who can contribute substantially to the business from the moment

they join. However, SMEs tend not to engage with the complex selection centres or

detailed assessment processes we may associate with large firms. Wapshott (2015)

Employees in SMEs, especially in smaller firms, receive less formal, off-the-job

training than employees in large firms. Moreover, training that leads to a formal

qualification. tends to be less prevalent. One of the reasons for this is that smaller firms

do not have the economies of scale to provide large formal programmes of training

based on needs analysis. Crawshaw (2017)

Links:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=VUbpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&dq=how+managers+in+small+and+medium+enterprise+achiev
e+organizational+goals&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy0dOEuOH2AhWKHKYKHcASDXYQ6AF
6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=how%20managers%20in%20small%20and%20medium
%20enterprise%20achieve%20organizational%20goals&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=NjHuvw_Uc6IC&pg=PA45&dq=how+managers+in+small+and+medium+enterprise+achieve+
organizational+goals&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhtpHGueH2AhUILpQKHWf2C5E4ChDoAXo
ECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=how%20managers%20in%20small%20and%20medium
%20enterprise%20achieve%20organizational%20goals&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=9dIPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA204&dq=type+of+staff+in+smes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZwre
21eL2AhXlwosBHdobDvk4HhDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=type%20of%20staff%20in
%20smes&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=04y9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=importance+of+staff+in+smes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEw
juvfXu4uL2AhWBLqYKHQZRDA44HhDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=importance%20of
%20staff%20in%20smes&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=4rw3DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA338&dq=role+of+staffs+in+SMEs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPn
M3X6uL2AhWTyosBHVb7AUY4HhDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=role%20of%20staffs
%20in%20SMEs&f=false

Style

Skills

According to OECD (2019) the skills required for enterprises are risk

acceptance/management, strategic thinking, self-confidence, the ability to make the

best of personal networks, and the ability to deal with a variety of challenges and

requirements.

In order to be able to react flexibly to their changing environment, SMEs need to

develop specific skills, especially organizational skills, which they often do not possess.

(Burkhardt, 2018)

SMEs require a certain core level of digital skills if they are to remain competitive

and take advantage of the digital economy. (Stationary office, 2015)

Some of the basic skills needed for a SME to assist in training are a desire to teach,

good communication and organizational skills, knowledge of questioning techniques,

leadership abilities, conflict management skills and a positive attitude. (Devgun, 2013)

The importance of improving SME business skills is noted by all authors in this

book. These entrepreneurs generally lack business skills which in turn constrain their

ability to take advantage of business opportunities; the lack of relevant skills also limits

creativity and innovations and leads to entrapment in low-quality, unsustainable product

and service offerings. (Arroio and Scerri, 2018)

Links:

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=nZuUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131&dq=skills+required+for+sme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_o
trfz932AhX2y4sBHbPJD2Q4FBDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=skills%20required%20for
%20sme&f=false
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=93JyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86&dq=skills+required+for+sme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_otrf
z932AhX2y4sBHbPJD2Q4FBDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=skills%20required%20for
%20sme&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=-
XgRBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72&dq=skills+required+for+sme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzu6nhn
d72AhVSed4KHQC4Bzo4MhDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=skills%20required%20for
%20sme&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=YfxDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&dq=skills+required+for+sme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzu6n
hnd72AhVSed4KHQC4Bzo4MhDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=skills%20required%20for
%20sme&f=false

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=hnp0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&dq=skills+required+for+small+and+medium+enterprises+book&
hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_iP2S7t72AhURrpQKHagDAAQ4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepag
e&q=skills%20required%20for%20small%20and%20 medium%20 enterprises%20book&f=false