UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA

Faculty of Engineering
ME343: Measurement and Instrumentation Exam.
Session: 2014/15 (July 27, 2015)
Instruction: Attempt all questions Time Allowed: 2hrs
Total Mark Obtainable: 70 Marks

QUESTION ONE [17 MARKS]

(a) List four mass flow rate measurement methods [2 Marks]
(b) List any six volume flow rate measurement methods [3 Marks]
(c) Briefly explain why the mass flow rate measurement may be preferred to the
volume flow rate measurement [2 Marks]
(d) Using Bernoulli and continuity equations derive the ideal expression for volumetric
flow rate (𝑄) in the venturi meter in Figure 1. [8 Marks]
;

Figure 1 A venturi meter with pressure tapping at point 1 and 2

(e) Using the expression derived in (d), calculate the flow rate Q in the venturi meter if
the pressure drop between section 1 and 2 in Figure 1 is 0.5 𝑁𝑚−2, 𝜌 =
1000 𝑘𝑔𝑚−3 , A1 and A2 are 0.2 𝑚2 and 0.18 𝑚2 respectively [2 Marks].

QUESTION TWO [15 MARKS]

(a)Errors arising during the measurement process can be divided into three groups, can
you name and briefly describe them. [3 Mark].
(b) Thirty (30) students measured the length of a pipe. The measurement obtained was
grouped into Set P and Q. The mean and standard deviation are in the Table.

Measurement No of Mean Standard

Set observers (cm) Deviation
P 15 324 10.6
Q 15 320 3.04

(i) Determine the best estimate of each measurement set [2 Marks]

(ii) Express the data given in each set as single measurements with confidence levels of
68% and 95% [8.5 Marks].
(e)Which of the measurement set is more reliable? Why do you think so? [1.5 Marks]
QUESTION THREE [16 MARKS]
(a) Write down the governing differential equation describing the dynamic response of:
(i) zero order (ii) first order (iii) second order measuring instruments. [3 Marks]
(b) Briefly discuss with the aid of a sketch the response to a step change for (i) a zero
order instrument [4 Marks] (ii) a first order instrument. [4 Marks]
(c) Briefly discuss with the aid of a sketch the response for a second order instrument
and illustrate the response for the cases of (i) Heavy damping (ii) critical damping
(iii) light damping. Note: All the cases in (c) should be on only one sketch.
[5 Marks]

QUESTION FOUR (10 Marks)

(a) State four (4) important advantages that radiation thermometers have over other types
of temperature-measuring instrument [2 Marks].
(b) State the law of intermediate temperatures as it applies to non-zero reference
applications in thermocouples [2 Marks].
(c) If the measured output EMF. for a chromel–constantan thermocouple (reference
junction at 0oC) was 14.00 mV, tables. Find the temperature that corresponds to the hot
junction [1 ½ Marks].
(b)). A platinum/10% rhodium–platinum (type S) thermocouple is used to measure the
temperature of a furnace. The output EMF, with the reference junction maintained at 50°C,
is 5.975 mV. What is the temperature of the furnace? [3 ½ Marks]
(e) The output e.m.f. and the temperature of the hot junction of some thermocouples with
reference junction maintained at 0°C are displayed in Table 3. Complete the table with the
aid of the Thermocouple Tables. [1 Mark].

Thermocouple Type E.m.f generated (mV) Th (oC)

Chromel-Alumel ???? 810
Chromel-Constantan 41.045 ???

QUESTION FIVE [12 MARKS]

a. Explain briefly with the aid of a schematic diagram, the elements and their functions
in a typical measurement system. [8 Marks]
b. Mention four type of standards you know [2 mark]
c. Mention six (6) instruments /principles used in Pressure measurement. [2 Marks]