Code No: R05221003

Set No. 1

II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Derive an expression for time response of a 2nd order under damped system when subjected to unit ram input. Show that the nature of the response is the same as that for a unit step input. Fine an expression for the steady state error. (b) Dene accuracy and precision of a measuring instrument with suitable examples. [8+8] 2. (a) Explain with the help of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain measurement system with temperature compensation. (b) Describe the working and construction of resistance Thermometers. Describe the materials used for RTDs along with their properties. Sketch this typical characteristic curve. [8+8] 3. (a) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal arms,also nd the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small unbalance. (b) A Wheatstone bridge is connected for a Varley Loop test as shown in gure 3. when the switch is in position 1, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000, R2 = 2000 , R3 = 100 . When switch is in position 2, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000, R2 = 2000, and R3 = 99. If the resistance of the earthed wire is 0.15 km, how many metres from the bridge has the ground fault occurred? [10+6]

Figure 3 4. (a) Explain measurement of pressure using capacitive transducer. 1 of 2

Code No: R05221003

Set No. 1

(b) How the capacitive transducer is useful for the measurement of level of a nonconducting liquid. [8+8] 5. (a) Explain the construction and working of resolver to digital converters. (b) With the help of neat sketch explain the construction and working of digital to resolver converters. [8+8] 6. (a) The voltage sensitivity for barium titanate is 12 10 - 2 Vm/N while that of quartz is 50 1012 Vm/N. The permitivity of barium titanate is 12.5 109 F/m an that of quartz is 40.6 1012 F/m. Calculate the charge sensitivities and their ratio. (b) Show how a thermocouple can be used as temperature transducer. 7. (a) Derive an equation for output voltage of a Charge amplier. (b) Draw its frequency response. What are the merits and demerits of a Charge amplier. [8+8] 8. (a) Explain the principle of working of SAW-device thermometer? Draw the characteristics. (b) Explain the principle of working of Quartz crystal thermometer? [8+8] [8+8]

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Code No: R05221003

Set No. 2

II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) An instrument reads the values for four dierent readings 4.0, 4.1, 3.9, 4.2. What is the absolute error and mean error? (b) An instrument measures 4.1V, 4.1V, 4.1V, and 4.1V in four readings. Is the instrument precise? Explain. If the true value is 4V, what is the error? [8+8] 2. (a) Explain with the help of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain measurement system with temperature compensation. (b) Describe the working and construction of resistance Thermometers. Describe the materials used for RTDs along with their properties. Sketch this typical characteristic curve. [8+8] 3. (a) What is Voltage Divider? (b) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal arms,also nd the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small unbalance? [4+12] 4. (a) How are synchros useful in error detection and correction in a servo control system. (b) What do you understand by a dynamic error of a synchro system. [8+8] 5. (a) Explain the construction & working of Max Wells Bridge with necessary equations. (b) Explain the working of Hays Bridge with the help of necessary equations. [8+8] 6. (a) A mercury thermometer has a capillary tube of 0.3 mm diameter. If the bulb is made of zero expansion material what volume must it have if a sensitivity of 3mm/o c is desired? Assuming operating temperature to be 20o C and coecient of volumetric expansion of mercury is 0.181 103 . (b) Explain the factors aecting the static accuracy of lled in thermometers.[8+8] 7. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of Trans impedance amplier and explain its operation. (b) Show how current is measured by integration, using Electrometer amplier. [8+8] 8. (a) digital shaft encoder is used to control the position of the lift in a building having ten storeys such that the oor level is maintained within 10 mm. If the interoor height is 3 m, what design of the encoder would be necessary? 1 of 2

Code No: R05221003

Set No. 2
[8+8]

(b) Explain how phototransistors can be used in operation of relay.

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Code No: R05221003

Set No. 3

II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Describe mathematical model of measurement system. (b) A 0-15V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1% of full scale reading. The voltage measured by this instrument is 75V. Calculate the limiting error in percent. Comment upon the result. [8+8] 2. (a) Explain in detail the constructional features and the theory of operation of the wire type strain gauge. (b) A strain gauge of nominal resistance of 200 is xed on one at surface of a short column of 2 cm x 2 cm cross sectional area. The column is subjected to an axial force of 100n. The strain gauge forms, one arm of a bridge with other arms all -31ual to 200ohm. Find the open circuit output of the bridge excited by 10V. Given, Youngs modulus of elasticity = 2.1x10N/M2 . [8+8] 3. (a) What are the issues to be considered when using a divider for conversion of voltage to resistor variation and derive its expression? (b) Compare the measuring accuracy of a Wheatstone bridge with the accuracy of a ordinary ohmmeter? [10+6] 4. (a) How are synchros useful in error detection and correction in a servo control system. (b) What do you understand by a dynamic error of a synchro system. [8+8]

5. With the help of the diagram explain the construction and working principle of resolver. [16] 6. Describe the construction and working of Bimetallic thermometers. Derive the expression for radius of curvature when the bimetallic element is used as a cantilever. Describe the methods of construction used for increasing their sensitivity. Explain their applications, temperature range, advantages and disadvantages. [16] 7. (a) Explain the operation of Electrometer amplier. (b) What are the cautions to be taken while designing Electrometer circuits.[8+8] 8. (a) With a neat sketch, explain the operation of vibrating cylinder sensor (b) What is a frequency sensor? Where it is used? Explain in detail. [8+8]

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Code No: R05221003

Set No. 4

II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) A rst order instrument which has a time constant of 0.5 sec. is subjected to an input of 2 sin 3t 5 sin 30t ne the response of the instrument (b) Dene the terms i. ii. iii. iv. Precision Dead space, Hysteresis Resolution.

[8+8]

2. (a) Explain the measurement of torque using strain gauge torque method. Also give the advantages of this method. (b) In an equal arm wheatstone bridge the single active gauge has nominal resistance of 120 ohms, and is made of advanced material having a thermal coecient of expansion of 30 106 m/m0 C and temperature coecient of resistance of 12 1006 ohm/ohm0 C . The other three arms are xed resistors having negligible temperature coecients. If the thermal coecient of expansion of 13 106 m/m0 C . Calculate the bridge output for a 60 C rise in specimen temperature, if the gauge current is 0.25 mA. [8+8] 3. (a) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal arms,also nd the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small unbalance. (b) A Wheatstone bridge is connected for a Varley Loop test as shown in gure 3. when the switch is in position 1, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000, R2 = 2000 , R3 = 100 . When switch is in position 2, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000, R2 = 2000, and R3 = 99. If the resistance of the earthed wire is 0.15 km, how many metres from the bridge has the ground fault occurred? [10+6]

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Code No: R05221003

Set No. 4

Figure 3 4. (a) Explain the principle of capacitive transducer which uses the principle of change in dielectric constant for measurement of displacement (b) Explain the dierent principles of working of capacitive transducers. 5. (a) How carrier ampliers are classied. Explain any one of them. (b) How variable oscillators are classied. Explain any one of them. 6. (a) Derive the expression for impulse response of piezo-electric transducers. (b) A pulse is applied to a piezo-electric transducer for a time T. Prove that in order to keep the undershoot to a value within 5%, the value of time constant should be approximately 20T. [8+8] 7. (a) With a block diagram explain the operation of Chopper amplier (b) How the frequency response limitation of Chopper amplier is overcome.[10+6] 8. (a) With a neat sketch, explain the operation of vibrating cylinder sensor. (b) A photo transistor of circuit shown in gure8 with characteristics shown in g. has a supply voltage of 20V and a collector load resistance of 2k. Determine the output voltage when the illumination level is : i. Zero ii. 200 W/m2 iii. 400 W/m2 . [8+8] [8+8]

[8+8]

Figure 8 2 of 3

Code No: R05221003

Set No. 4

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