CBO-2 ResoSir cUt6Kj9

Chemical Bonding-II
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : VSEPR theory
[k.M (A) : VSEPR fl)kUr
A-1. Why NO2+ and I3– are linear species ?
NO2+ rFkk I3– js[kh; iztkfr;k¡ gS D;ksa \
Sol. 
In NO2+ the N has sp hybridisation; so it is linear O = N = O
In I3– there are 5 electron pairs around central iodine atom (3 lone pairs
and 2 bond pairs). The hybridisation of iodine is thus sp3d. To have
minimum repulsions between lp-lp and lp-bp it acquires linear shape as
shown below.

gy % NO2+ esa N, sp ladj.k j[krk gSa] vr% ;g js[kh; gS O = N = O
I3– esa dsUnzh; vk;ksMhu ijek.kq ds pkjksa vkSj 5 bysDVªkWu ;qXe gSA (buesa 3 ,dkdh
bysDVªkWu ;qXe vkSj 2 ckaf/kr bysDVªkWu ;qXe) vk;ksMhu dk ladj.k bl izdkj sp3d
gksrk gSA vr% lp-lp rFkk lp-bp ds e/; U;wure izfrd"kZ.k j[kus ds fy;s ;g js[kh;
vkd`fr xzg.k dj ysrk gS tSlk fd uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
A-2. PCl5 has the shape of a trigonal bipyramidal where as IF5 has the shape of square pyramidal. Explain.
Li"V dhft, dh PCl5 dh vkd`fr f=kdks.kh; f}fijsfeMh; gksrh gS tc fd IF5 dh vkd`fr oxkZdkj fijsfeMh; gksrh gSA
Sol. In PCl5 there are 5 electron pairs around central phosphorus atom and all are bond pairs. The
hybridisation of phosphorus is thus sp3d. To have minimum repulsions between bp-bp it acquires
trigonal bipyramidal shape as shown below.
Cl
Cl
P Cl
Cl
 Cl
In IF5 there are 6 electron pairs around central iodine atom. The hybridisation of iodine is thus sp3d2.
6 electron pairs contain 5 bond pairs and one lone pair so it will be square pyramidal to have minimum
repulsions between lp-bp and bp-bp.
..
F F
F F
F
gy % PCl5 esa 5 bysDVªkWu ;qXe dsUnzh; QkLQksjl ijek.kq ds pkjksa vkSj gksrs gSa rFkk lHkh cafU/kr ;qXe gksrs gSA ;gk¡ QkLQksjl
sp3d ladfjr gksrk gSA bp-bp ds e/; U;wure izfrd"kZ.k ds fy;s ;g f=kdks.kh; f}fijsfeMh; vkd`fr /kkj.k djrk gSA
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Chemical Bonding-II
Cl
Cl
P Cl
Cl
Cl
IF5 esa dsUnzh; vk;ksMhu ijek.kq ds pkjksa vkSj 6 bysDVªkWu ;qXe gksrs gSaA ;gk¡ vk;ksMhu sp3d2 ladfjr voLFkk esa gksrh
gSA
6 bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa esa 5 caf/kr ;qXe rFkk ,d ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe gksrk gSA bl izdkj] bldh vkd`fr oxkZdkj
fijSfeMh; gksrh gSA ftlls lp-bp vkSj bp-bp esa U;wure izfrd"kZ.k gksrk gSA
..
F F
F F
F
A-3. Write the geometry of XeF4 and OSF4 using VSEPR theory and clearly indicate the position of lone pair
of electrons.
VSEPR dk iz;ksx djds XeF4 rFkk OSF4 dh T;kferh; Kkr dhft, rFkk bysDVªkWu ;qXe dk LFkku crkb;sA
Sol.
Square planar Trigonal bipyramidal

(oxkZdkj leryh;) (f=kdks.kh; f}fijSfeMy)
A-4. Explain the structure of CIF3 on the basis of VSEPR theory.

VSEPR fl)kUr ds vk/kkj ij CIF3 dh lajpuk le>kb;sA
F F
..
87.5º
Ans. Cl F nearly 'T' shaped. ¼yxHkx 'T' vkd`fr½
87.5º
..
F F
Section (B) : Hybridisation

[k.M (B) : ladj.k
B-1. Explain hybridisation of central atom in :
fuEu esa dsUnzh; ijek.kq ds ladj.k dks le>kb;sA
(1) XeF2 (2) XeF4 (3) PCl3 (4) PCl5 (g)
(5) SF6 (6) IF3 (7) IF5 (8) IF7
(9) CH4 (10) CCl4 (11) SiCl4 (12) SiH4
(13) H2O (14) NH3 (15) PO43– (16) BrF5
(17) NO3– (18) CO32– (19) NH4+ (20) ClO3–
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Chemical Bonding-II
Sol. 1. 2. 
 sp3d2
3. 
 sp3 4. 
 sp3d
5. 
 sp3d2 6. F3 : – 
 sp3d
7. F5 : – 
 sp3d2 8. F7 : – 
 sp3d3
9. CH4 : – 
 sp3 10. CCl4 : – 
 sp3
11. SiCl4 : – 
 sp3 12. SiH4 : – 
 sp3
..
N H3
13. H2O : – 
 sp 3
14. :– 
 sp3
15. 16. BrF5 

 sp3d2
17. 
 sp2 18. 
 sp2
19. 
 sp3 20. 
 sp3
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Chemical Bonding-II
B-2. The order of size of the hybrid orbitals is as follows sp < sp2 < sp3. Explain.
ladfjr d{kdksa ds vkdkj dk Øe sp < sp2 < sp3 gSA le>kb,A
Sol. True, As the s character in hybrid orbital decrease, size of hybrid orbital increases.
gy- lR;] ladfjr d{kdksa esa tSls+µtSls s-y{k.kksa esa deh vkrh gS] oSlsµoSls ladfjr d{kdksa ds vkdkj esa o`f) gksrh gSaA
B-3. Draw the structure of the following compounds. Clearly indicate the number of bond pairs and lone
pairs involved on central atom. Write (i) number of bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom (ii) the
shape of the molecules (iii) hybridization of the central atom.
(a) SF4 (b) XeOF4
fuEu ;kSfxdksa fd lajpuk cukb;s rFkk dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij mifLFkr ca/k;qXe rFkk ,dkadh bySDVªkWu ;qXe Li"Vrk ls
n'kkZb;s\ (i) dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij ca/k ;qXe rFkk ,dkdh bySDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k (ii) v.kq fd T;kferh (iii) dsUnzh;
ijek.kq fd ladj.k voLFkk Hkh crkb;sA
(a) SF4 (b) XeOF4
Sol. (a) SF4 4 bond pair & 1 lone pair, Hybridization = sp3d Shape : see saw
4 ca/k ;qXe rFkk 1 ,dkadh ;qXe, ladj.k = sp3d vkd`fr : see saw
(b) XeOF4 5 bond pair & 1 lone pair, Hybridization = sp3d2 Shape : Square pyramidal
5 ca/k ;qXe rFkk 1 ,dkadh ;qXe, ladj.k = sp3d2 vkd`fr : oxkZdkj fijkfeMy
Section (C) : Bond angle, bond length comparison

[k.M (C) : cU/k dks.k] cU/k yEckbZ esa rqyuk
C-1. Draw an electron dot structure for Br3–. Deduce an approximate value of the bond angle.
Br3– dh bysDVªkWu MkWV lajpuk cukb;sA ca/k dks.k dk yxHkx eku fu/kkZfjr dhft,A
Sol. In Br3– there are 5 electron pairs around central bromine atom (3 lone pairs and 2 bond pairs). The
hybridisation of bromine is thus sp3d. To have minimum repulsions between lp-lp and lp-bp it acquires
linear shape as shown below.
linear
Sol. Br3– esa dsUnzh; czksehu ijek.kq ds pkjksa vkSj 5 bysDVªkWu ;qXe gSa (3-,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe vkSj 2 ca/k ;qXe) bl izdkj
czksehu dk ladj.k sp3d gSA lp-lp rFkk lp-bp ds e/; U;wure izfrd"kZ.k izkIr djus ds fy;s ;g js[kh; vkd`fr /kkj.k
djrk gS tSlk fd uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
C-2. Which compound has the smallest bond angle in each series ?
dkSulk ;kSfxd] izR;sd Js.kh esa U;wure ca/k dks.k j[krk gS \
(a) SbCl3 SbBr3 SbI3
(b) PI3 AsI3 SbI3
Sol. (a)
97.1º 98.2º 99º

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Chemical Bonding-II
Cl, the most electronegative of the halogens in this series, pulls shared electrons the most strongly
away from Sb, reducing electron density near Sb. The consequence is that the lone pair exerts the
strongest influence on shape in SbCl 3.
(b)
102º 100º 99º

Phosphorus is the most electronegative of the central atoms. Consequently, it exerts the strongest pull
on shared electrons, concentrating these electrons near P and increasing bonding pair-bonding pair
repulsions–hence, the largest angle in PI3. Sb, the least electronegative central atoms, has the opposite
effect: Shared electrons are attracted away from Sb, reducing repulsions between the Sb–I bonds. The
consequence is that the effect of the lone pair is greatest in SbI3, which has the smallest angle.
Atomic size arguments can also be used for these species. Larger outer atoms result in larger angles;
larger central atoms result in smallest angles.
Sol. (a)
97.1º 98.2º 99º

Dyksjhu gSykstu Js.kh esa lcls vf/kd fo|qr_.kh gS vkSj Sb ls lgHkkftr bysDVªkWu vf/kd cy ls [khaprk gS ftlls
Sb ds ikl bysDVªkWu ?kuRo esa deh vk tkrh gSA ifj.kkeLi:i ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe SbCl3 dh vkd`fr ij rhoz
izHkko Mkyrk gSA
(b)
102º 100º 99º

dsUnzh; ijek.kqvksa esa P lokZf/kd fo|qr_.kh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ;g lkf>r bysDVªkWu ij izcy vkd"kZ.k Mkyrk gS]
ftlls bysDVªkWu P ds vf/kd fudV vk tkrs gS vkSj ca/k ;qXe&ca/k ;qXe izfrd"kZ.k esa o`f) gks tkrh gS] bl izdkj PI3
esa ca/k dks.k lcls vf/kd gks tkrk gSA Sb tks lcls de fo|qr_.kh dsUnzh; ijek.kq gS foijhr izHkko j[krk gSA lk>s
ds bysDVªkWu Sb ls nwj dh vksj vkdf"kZr gksrs gSA ftlls Sb-I ds e/; izfrd"kZ.k de gks tkrk gSA ifj.kke ;g
fudyrk gS fd ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe dk izHkko SbI3 esa vf/kdre gksrk gSA ijek.oh; vkdkj dk rdZ bu iztkfr;ksa
ds fy;s Hkh iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ckâ; ijek.kq cM+k gksus ij ca/k dks.k NksVk gksrk gSA
C-3. Compare the C–H bond strength in C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2.
C2H6, C2H4 o C2H2 esa C–H ca/k lkeF;Z dh rqyuk dhft,\
Sol. Order of C–H bond strength is C2H2 > C2H4 > C2H6 as %s character decreases in the same order.
C–H cU/k lkeF;Z dk Øe C2H2 > C2H4 > C2H6 gS D;ksafd %s vfHky{k.k blh Øe esa ?kVrk gSA
C-4. The POCl3 molecule has the shape of an irregular tetrahedron with the P atom located centrally. The
Cl–P–Cl angle is found to be 103.5º. Give a qualitative explanation for the deviation of this structure
from a regular tetrahedron.
POCl3 v.kq] ftlds dsUnz ij P ijek.kq mifLFkr gS ,d vfu;fer prq"Qyd dh vkd`fr dk gS] ftldk Cl–P–Cl
dks.k 103.5º çkIr gksrk gSA bl lajpuk ds ,d fu;fer prq"Qyd ls fopyu ds fy, xq.kkRed O;k[;k nhft,A
Sol. , double bond occupies large area and has large electron density. So there is intrinsic repulsion
between P=O and P–Cl bond pairs. To minimize this repulsion bond angle decrease from 109.5º to
103.5º.
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Chemical Bonding-II
Sol. , f}ca/k T;knk txg ?ksjrk gS rFkk ml ij T;knk bysDVªkWu ?kuRo gksrk gSA vr% P=O rFkk P–Cl ca/k ;qXe
ds e/; vkUrfjd izfrd"kZ.k gksrk gSA bl izfrd"kZ.k dks de djus ds fy, ca/k dks.k 109.5º ls ?kVdj 103.5º gks
tkrk gSA
C-5. Which one has highest and least bond angle in the following ?
fuEu esa ls vf/kdre rFkk fuEure cU/k dks.k fdldk gSa \
(1) CH4 PH3 AsH3 SbH3 (2) H2O H2S H2Te CO2
(3) PH3 H2O (4) Cl2O ClO2
(5) PF3 PH3 (6) BF3 NF3
(7) NH3 NF3 (8) PF3 PCl3
Sol. Highest bond angle Lowest bond angle
(1) CH4 SbH3
(2) CO2 H2Te
(3) H2O PH3
(4) ClO2 Cl2O
(5) PF3 (sp3hybridisation) PH3 (nohybridisation)
(6) BF3 (sp2hybridisation) NF3 (sp3hybridisation)
(7) NH3 NF3
(8) PCl3 PF3
gy. vf/kdre ca/k dks.k fuEure ca/k dks.k
(1) CH4 SbH3
(2) CO2 H2Te
(3) H2O PH3
(4) ClO2 Cl2O
(5) PF3 (sp3ladj.k) PH3 (ladj.k ugha)
(6) BF3 (sp2ladj.k) NF3 (sp3ladj.k)
(7) NH3 NF3
(8) PCl3 PF3
C-6. Write the Increasing order of Bond length of each :
fuEu ds fy, ca/k Øe dk c<+rk gqvk Øe fyf[k, :
(1) C–C, C=C, CC (2) C–N, C–O, C–F (3) H–Cl, H–Br, H–I, HF
Ans. (1) CC < C=C < C–C (2) C–F < C–O < C–N (3) HF < H–Cl < H–Br < H–I
Section (D) : Multicentered species

[k.M (D) : cgqdsfUnzd Lih'kht
D-1. Find number of p–d bonds in
(a) Disulphate (b) triphosphate (c) trimetaphosphate
(d) trimer of SO3 (e) P4O10 (f) P4O6
fuEu esa p–d ca/kks dh la[;k Kkr dhft,\
(a) MkblYQsV (b) VªkbQksLQsV (c) VªkbesVkQksLQsV
(d) SO3 ds f=kyd (e) P4O10 (f) P4O6
Sol. (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) 6 (e) 4 (f) 0
D-2. In which of the following compounds, the p–d bonding take place ?
fuEu esa ls dkSuls ;kSfxd esa p–d ca/ku mifLFkr gS \
(a) P4O10 (b) HNO3 (c) N2O5 (d) HClO3
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Chemical Bonding-II
Sol. (a) P4O10,
(b) and (c) nitrogen does not have empty d-orbital.

(b) rFkk (c) ukbVªkstu esa fjDr d-d{kd ugha gksrk gSA
:
(d) HClO3 , Cl p-d

O
OH O
D-3. Calculate individual and average oxidation number (if required) of the marked element and also draw
the structure of the following compounds or molecules.
js[kkafdr rRo dk i`Fkd~ rFkk vkSlr vkWDlhdj.k vad ¼;fn vko';d gks½ ifjdfyr dhft, rFkk fuEu ;kSfxdksa vFkok
v.kqvksa dh lajpuk crkb;s
(1) Na2 S2 O3 (2) Na2 S4O6 (3) H2SO5 (4) H2 S2O8 (5) H2S2O7 (6) S8
(7) HNO4 (8) C3O2 (9) OsO4 (10) PH3 (11) CrO42– (12) Cr2O72–
(13) Cr O2Cl2 (14) CrO5 (15) Na2 H PO4 (16) FeS2 (17) C6H12O6 (18) NH4 NO3
Ans. (1) +2 (6, –2) (2) +5/2(5, 5, 0, 0) (3) +6 (4) +6 (+6, +6) (5) +6 (+6, +6)
(6) 0 (7) +5 (8) 4/3 (+ 2, +2, 0) (9) +8 (10) –3
(11) +6 (12) +6 (+6, +6) (13) +6 (14) +6 (15) +5
(16) +2 (17) 0 (18) –3, +5
Note : Inside the bracket ( ) answer for individual oxidation number is given.
uksV : izR;sd i`Fkd~ vkWDlhdj.k vad ds fy, dks"Bd ( ) ds vUnj mÙkj fn;s x;s gaSA
Sol. (1) Na2S2O3 (Sodium thiosulphate).
2 × 1 + 2x + 3 × (– 2) = 0.
(+2) + 2x + (–6) = 0.
2x = (+6) + (–2).
2x = + 4.
x = + 2. (average oxidation number).
(2) Na2S4O6 (Sodium tetra-thionate)
2 × (+1) + 4x + 6 × (– 2) = 0.
4x = (+12) + (–2).
4x = +10.
10 5
x=+ 4 = + 2 . (average oxidation number).
(3) H2SO5 (Caro's acid)
2 × (+1) + x + 2 × (–1) + 2 × (–1) + 3 × (– 2) = 0.
(+2) + x + (–2) + (–6) = 0.
x = +6. (average oxidation number).
(4) H2S2O8 (Marshal's acid).
2 × (+1) + 2x + 2 × (–1) + 6 × (–2) = 0.
(+2) + 2x + (–2) + (–12) = 0.
2x = +12.
x = +6. (average oxidation number).
(5) H2S2O7 (Pyro sulphuric acid).
2 × (+1) + 2x + 7 × (–2) = 0.
(+2) + 2x = + 14.
2x = (+14) + (–2).
2x = +12.
x = + 6.(average oxidation number).
(6) S8 (Crown sulphur).
Oxidation no. of element in homogeneous molecule will be zero.
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Chemical Bonding-II
(7) HNO4 (Peroxynitric acid)
+1 + x + 2 × (–1) + 2 × (–2) = 0.
x = (+6) + (–1).
x = +5.
(8) C3O2 (Carbon suboxide)
3x + 2 × (–2) = 0.
3x = + 4.
x = 4/3.
(9) O5O4 (Osmium tetra oxide)
x + 4 × (–2) = 0.
x = +8.
(10) PH3 (phosphene)
x + 3 × (+1) = 0.
x = – 3.
(11) CrO42– (cromate ion)
x + 4 × (–2) = – 2.
x = (+8) + (–2).
x = + 6.
(12) Cr2O72– (dichromate ion)
2 × x + 7 × (–2) = – 2.
2x = (+14) + (–2).
2x = + 12.
x = + 6.
(13) CrO2Cl2 (cromyl chloride)
x + 2 × (–2) + 2 × (–1) = 0.
x + (–4) + (–2) = 0.
x = + 6.
(14) CrO5 (chromium per oxide)
x + 4 × (–1) + 1 × (–2) = 0.
x = + 6.
(15) Na2HPO4 (disodium hydrogen phosphate)
(2 × +1) + (–1) + x + 4 × (–2) = 0.
(+2) + (+1) + x + (–8) = 0.
x = (+8) + (3)
x = +5.
(16) FeS2 (Ferrous disulphide or Fool's gold or Iron pyrite)
x + 2x – 1 = 0.
x = +2.
(17) C6H12O6 (Glucose or Fructose)
6 × x + 12 × (1) + 6 × (–2) = 0.
6x + (+12) + (–12) = 0.
x = 0 = 0.
6
(18) NH4NO3 (Ammonium nitrate)
NH4NO3  [NH4]+ [NO3]–.
NH4+
x + 4 × (+1) = +1.
x = – 3.
NO3–
x + 3 × (–2) = – 1.
x = + 5.
ADVBCO - 8
Chemical Bonding-II
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : VSEPR theory
[k.M (A) : VSEPR fl)kUr
A-1. Which is the right structure of XeF4 ?
XeF4 dh lgh lajpuk gS \
F
:
:
F F F F : F
F F
Xe Xe
(A) (B) Xe (C*) Xe (D)
F F
:
F F F
F F
:
Sol. To have minimum repulsions, the two lone pair occupy the trans positions in octahedral geometry.
gy- U;wu izfrd"kZ.k ds fy;s nks ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe v"VQydh; T;kferh esa foi{k fLFkfr (trans positions) esa jgrs gSaA
A-2. Identify the correct match.
(i) XeF2 (a) Central atom has sp3 hybridisation and bent geometry.
(ii) N3– (b) Central atom has sp3d2 hybridisation and octahedral.
(iii) PCl6–(PCl5 (s) anion) (c) Central atom has sp hybridisation and linear geometry.
(iv) ICl2+ (I2Cl6 () cation) (d) Central atom has sp3d hybridisation and linear geometry.
lgh feyku dks igpkfu;sA
(i) XeF2 (a) dsUnzh; ijek.kq esa sp3 ladj.k gS rFkk dks.kh; ¼eqM+k gqvk½ T;ferh gSaA
(ii) N3– (b) dsUnzh; ijek.kq esa sp3d2 ladj.k gS rFkk v"VQydh; gSA
(iii) PCl6–(PCl5 (s) _.kk;u) (c) dsUnzh; ijek.kq esa sp ladj.k gS rFkk js[kh; T;kferh gSA
(iv) ICl2+ (I2Cl6 () /kuk;u) (d) dsUnzh; ijek.kq esa
sp3d ladj.k gS rFkk js[kh; T;kferh gSA
(A) (i – a), (ii – b), (iii – c), (iv – d) (B) (i – d), (ii – b), (iii – d), (iv – c)
(C) (i – b), (ii – c), (iii – a), (iv – d) (D*) (i – d), (ii – c), (iii – b), (iv – a)

2
Sol. (i) (ii) [N  N  N]
sp
(iii) PCl5 (s) exists as [PCl4]+ and [PCl6]– ,
(iv) I2Cl6() [ICl2]+ + [ICl4]–
self ionisation
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Chemical Bonding-II

2
gy % (i) (ii) [N  N  N]
sp
(iii) PCl5 (s) dk vfLrRo [PCl4]+ vkSj [PCl6]– , ds :i esa gSA
(iv) I2Cl6() [ICl2]+ + [ICl4]–
Lor% vk;uu
A-3. Which of the following statement is true for IO2F2– ?

(A) The electrons are located at the corners of a trigonal bipyramidal but one of the equatorial pairs is
unshared.
(B) It has sp3d hybridisation and is T-shaped.
(C) Its structure is analogous to SF4.
(D*) (A) and (C) both
IO2F2– ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lR; gS \
(A) bysDVªkWu ,d f=kdks.kh; f}fijsfefM; ds fdukjs ij j[ks tkrs gaS] ysfdu buesa ls ,d fo"kqorh; ;qXe lkf>r ugha
gksrk gSA
(B) ;g sp3d ladfjr rFkk T-vkd`fr n'kkZrk gSA
(C) ;g SF4 ds ln`'k gSA
(D*) (A) rFkk (C) nksuksa
Sol. see-saw
gy- lhµlkW ¼uSt vkd`fr½
A-4. Which reaction involves a change in the electron–pair geometry for the under lined element ?
fuEu esa ls dkSulh vfHkfØ;k js[kkafdr rRoksa fd bysDVªkWu ;qXe T;kferh esa ifjorZu dks n'kkZrh gSa \
(A*) BF3 + F–  BF4– (B) NH3 + H+  NH4+
(C) 2 SO2 + O2  2 SO3 (D) H2O + H+  H3O+
Sol. (A) BF3 (sp2) + F–  BF4– (sp3). (B) NH3 (sp3) + H+  NH4+ (sp3)
(C) 2 SO2 (sp2) + O2  2 SO3 (sp2) (D) H2O (sp3) + H+  H3O+ (sp3)
A-5. In which of the following molecules number of lone paris and bond pairs on central atom are not equal ?
fuEu esa ls fdl v.kq esa dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij ,dkdh ;qXeksa rFkk ca/kh ;qXeksa dh la[;k leku ugha gS \
(A) H2O (B*) I3– (C) O2F2 (D) SCl2
ADVBCO - 10
Chemical Bonding-II
Sol. (A)
(B) Number of bond pairs around I = 2; Number of lone pairs around I = 3.
I ds pkjksa vkSj ca/k ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 2; I ds pkjksa vkSj ,dkdh ;qXe = 3
(C) (D)
A-6. Which of the following species given below have shape similar to XeOF 4 ?
fuEu nh xbZ Lih'kht esa ls fdldh vkd`fr XeOF4 ds leku gS \
(A) XeO3 (B) OF4+ (C) PCl5 (D*) XeF5
Sol. (A) XeO3 is trigonal pyramid. (B) IOF4+ is see-saw.
(C) PCl5 is trigonal bipyramidal.
(D) square pyramidal.
gy % (A) XeO3 f=kdks.kh; fijsfeMh; gSA (B) IOF4+ dh ust vkd`fr (see-saw) gSA
(C) PCl5 f=kdks.kh; f}fijsfeMh; gSA (D) oxhZ; fijsfeMh;
Section (B) : Hybridisation

[k.M (B) : ladj.k
4 3 2 1
B-1. The hybridization of carbon atoms in C2–C3 single bond of HC  C CH  CH2 is :
4 3 2 1
HC  C CH  CH2 ds ,dy&ca/k C2–C3 esa dkcZu ijek.kq dk ladj.k gS %
(A) sp3–sp3 (B*) sp2–sp (C) sp–sp2 (D) sp3–sp
B-2. Specify the hybridisations of central atom in the following species respectively {N3–, NOCl, N2O}
fuEufyf[kr Lih'kht esa dsUnzh; ijek.kq ds ladj.k dks Øe'k% crkb;s {N3–, NOCl, N2O} :
(A*) sp, sp2, sp (B) sp, sp, sp3 (C) sp2, sp, sp (D) sp2, sp2, sp.
  – 
Sol. N3 [N  N  N– ] ; NOCl O = N – Cl & N2O N  N  O
B-3. In pent-3-en-1-yne the terminal carbon-atoms have following hybridisation

isUV-3-bu-1-vkbu esa vUrLFk ¼fdukjs okys½ dkcZu ijek.kqvksa dk ladj.k gksxk %
(A) sp & sp2 (B) sp2 & sp3 (C) sp2 & sp (D*) sp & sp3
ADVBCO - 11
Chemical Bonding-II
Sol.
B-4. S1 : [XeF7]+ has sp3d3 hybridisation

S2 : [PCl4]+ has sp3d2 hybridisation
S3 : [SF6] has sp3d2 hybridisation
S4 : [PF4]+ has sp3 hybridisation
(A) T F F T (B) T T F T (C*) T F T T (D) F F F T
S1 : [XeF7]+ dk sp3d3 ladj.k
S2 : [PCl4]+ dk sp3d2 ladj.k
S3 : [SF6] dk sp3d2 ladj.k
S4 : [PF4]+ dk sp3 ladj.k
(A) T F F T (B) T T F T (C*) T F T T (D) F F F T
Sol. XeF7+ sp3d3
PCl4+ sp3
SF6 sp3d2
PF4+ sp3
B-5. BF3 + F–  BF4–

What is the hybridiation state of B in BF3 and BF4– :
BF3 + F–  BF4–
BF3 o BF4– esa cksjkWu dk ladj.k D;k gS %
(A*) sp2, sp3 (B) sp3, sp3 (C) sp2, sp2 (D) sp3, sp3d
Sol.
Section (C) : Bond angle, bond length comparison

[k.M (C) : cU/k dks.k] cU/k yEckbZ esa rqyuk
C-1. The ONO angle is maximum in :
ONO ca/k dks.k fdl Lih'kht esa vf/kdre gS %
(A) HNO3 (B*) NO2+ (C) HNO2 (D) NO2
Sol. (A)
(B) Bond angle is 180º because of sp hybridisation of nitrogen.
(C)
(D)
ADVBCO - 12
Chemical Bonding-II
gy- (A)
(B) ca/k dks.k 180º gS] D;ksafd ukbVªkstu dk ladj.k sp gSaA
(C)
(D)
C-2. Which statement is correct for N3– ion.

(A) It is bent molecule (B) Bond angle is < 120°
(C) Central atom is sp2 hybridized (D*) None of these
N3– vk;u ds fy;s fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lR; gSA
(A) ;g eqMk gqvk (bent) v.kq gS (B) ca/k dks.k < 120° gS
(C) dsUnzh; ijek.kq sp2 ladfjr gS (D*) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. Central atom is sp hybridized and It is linear molecule.
dsUnzh; ijek.kq sp ladfjr gS rFkk ;g js[kh; (linear) v.kq gSA
C-3. Consider the following molecules ; H2O H2S H2Se H2 Te
   V
Arrange these molecules in increasing order of bond angles.
fuEu v.kqvksa ij fopkj dhft;s H2O H2S H2Se H2 Te
   V
bu v.kqvksa dks ca/k dks.k ds c<+rs gq, Øe esa O;ofLFkr dhft,A
(A) V (B*) V (C) V (D) V
Sol. As the electronegativity of central atom increases the bond angle increases due to repulsion between
bond pair and bond pair as bond pairs are more close to the central atom.
gy % ca/k ;qXe & ca/k ;qXe ds e/; izfrd"kZ.k ds dkj.k dsUnzh; ijek.kq dh fo|qr_.krk dk eku c<+us ij ca/k dks.k dk eku
c<+rk gS D;ksafd ca/k ;qXe dsUnzh; ijek.kq ds vf/kd fudV gksrs gSA
C-4. In which of the following bond angle is maximum

fuEu esa ls fdlesa ca/k dks.k vf/kdre gS \
(A) NH3 (B*) NH4+ (C) PCl3 (D) SCl2
Sol. Due to absence of lone pair on N in NH4+,lp–lp, or lp –bp repulsion is not there.
NH4+ esa N ij lone pair dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k lp–lp ;k lp –bp izfrd"kZ.k ugha gksrk gSA
C-5. In which of the following central atom is unhybridised?

fuEu esa ls fdlesa dsUnzh; ijek.kq vladfjr gS
(A*) S(CH3)2 (B) SO2 (C) SiH4 (D) PCl3
Sol. As per Drago's rule
Mªsxkss fu;e ds vuqlkj
Section (D) : Multicentered species

[k.M (D) : cgqdsfUnzd Lih'kht
D-1. The no. of S-O-S bonds in the trimer of SO3 is
SO3 ds f=kyd esa] S-O-S ca/kksa dh la[;k gSA
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) None dksbZ ugha
ADVBCO - 13
Chemical Bonding-II
D-2. Which of the following species do not contain S–S linkage?
fuEu esa ls dkSulh Lih'kht S–S fydsUt ¼ca/k½ ugha j[krh gSA
(A) H2S2O5 (B*) H2S2O7 (C) H2S2O3 (D) H2S4O6
D-3. Which statement is incorrect about pyrosilicate ion.
(A) sp3 hybridisation (B) One oxygen atom is shared between two tetrahydron
(C) there are eight Si–O bond (D*) There is one Si-Si bond
ik;jksflfydsV vk;u ds ckjs esa xyr dFku gS&
(A) sp3 ladj.k (B) nks prq"Qydksa ds chp ,d vkWDlhtu ijek.kq lkaf>r gS
(C) ;gk¡ vkB Si–O ca/k gSA (D*) ;gk¡ ,d Si-Si ca/k gSA
Sol. Refer to the text.
D-4. Which is correct about the cyclic silicate [Si 6O18]n– :

(A*) The value of n is 12
(B) each Si atom is bonded with three oxygen atoms
(C) each oxygen atom is bonded with two Si atoms
(D) all the above are correct.
pØh; flfydsV [Si6O18]n– ds fy, lgh gS %
(A*) n dk eku 12 gSA
(B) izR;sd Si ijek.kq rhu vkWDlhtu ijek.kqvksa ls caf/kr gSA
(C) izR;sd vkWDlhtu ijek.kq nks Si ijek.kqvksa ls caf/kr gSA
(D) mijksDr lHkh lgh gSA
Sol.
General formula of cyclic silicates is [Si n O3n]2n– ¼pØh; flyhdsV dk lk/kkj.k lw=k [Sin O3n]2n– gS½
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN)
1. Match the following :

Column–I Column–II
(A) SF2 (p) sp3 and bent
(B) KrF4 (q) two lone pairs on central atom
(C) NOCl (r) bond angle < 109º28’
(D) NF3 (s) sp2 and bent
(t) sp3d2 and square planar
fuEu dks lqesfyr dhft,A
LrEHk–I LrEHk–II
(A) SF2 (p) sp3 rFkk eqM+h gqbZ vkd`fr (bent)
(B) KrF4 (q) dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij nks ,dkdh ;qXe
(C) NOCl (r) cU/k dks.k < 109º28’
(D) NF3 (s) sp2 rFkk eqM+h gqbZ vkd`fr (bent)
(t) sp3d2 rFkk oxZ leryh;
Ans. (A – p , q , r) ; (B – q , r , t) ; (C – s) ; (D – r)
ADVBCO - 14
Chemical Bonding-II
:
F
:
F
0
Sol. (A) S (B) Kr < 109028’ i.e., 90
F F F
F
< 109 28’
0
:
(C) (D)
2. Match the compounds listed in column-I with characteristic(s) listed in column-II.
Column – I Column –II
(A) ClF2–, CIF2+ (p) Square pyramidal.
(B) IO2F2–, F2SeO (q) See–saw and pyramidal shaped respectively.
(C) IOF4–, XeOF2 (r) Linear and bent shaped respectively.
(D BrF5, XeOF4 (s) Square pyramidal and T-shaped respectively.
(t) Both sp3d2.
LrEHk-I esa lwphc) ;kSfxdksa dks LrEHk-II esa lwph c) xq.kksa ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft,A
LrEHk–I LrEHk–II
(A) ClF2–, CIF2+ (p) oxZ fijsfeMh;
(B) IO2F2–, F2SeO (q) Øe'k% ust (lh&lkW) rFkk fijsfeMh; vkd`fr
–
(C) IOF4 , XeOF2 (r) Øe'k% js[kh; rFkk eqM+h gqbZ vkd`fr
(D BrF5, XeOF4 (s) Øe'k% oxZ fijsfeMh; rFkk T- vkd`fr
(t) nksuksa sp3d2.
Ans. (A – r) ; (B – q) ; (C – s) ; (D – p, t)
Sol. (A) ;
(B)
(C)
(D)
ADVBCO - 15
Chemical Bonding-II
gy. (A) ;
(B)
(C)
(D)
3. Match the following :

Column-I Column-II
(A) H3P3O9 (p) S–O–S bond is present
(B) H2S2O7 (q) Di-basic acid
(C) H2S4O6 (r) P–O–P bond is present
(D) H4P2O5 (s) Central atom (S or P) in maximum oxidation state.
fuEu dks lqesfyr dhft,A
dkWye-I dkWye-II
(A) H3P3O9 (p) S–O–S cU/k mifLFkr gS
(B) H2S2O7 (q) f}{kkjdh; vEy
(C) H2S4O6 (r) P–O–P cU/k mifLFkr gS
(D) H4P2O5 (s) vf/kdre vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk esa dsUnzh; ijek.kq (S ;k P)
Ans. (A–r,s); (B–p,q,s) ; (C–q); (D–q,r)
O O
|| ||
Sol. (A) (B) H  O  S  O  S  O  H
|| ||
O O
O O
|| ||
(C) H  O  S  (S)  S  O  H (D)
2
|| ||
O O
ADVBCO - 16
Chemical Bonding-II
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
1. The hybridisation of P in phosphate ion (PO43–) is the same as :

(A)  in Cl4– (B) S in SO3 (C) N in NO3– (D*) S in SO32–
QkWLQsV vk;u (PO4 ) esa P dk ladj.k fuEu ds ladj.k ds leku gS %
3–
(A) Cl4– esa  dk (B) SO3 esa S dk (C) NO3– esa N dk (D*) SO32– esa S dk
3 2 3
Sol. Both PO4 & SO3 have hybridisation sp
PO43 o SO32 nksuksa dk ladj.k sp3 gSA
2. Choose the molecules in which hybridisation occurs in the ground state ?
(a) BCl3 (b) NH3 (c) PCl3 (d) BeF2
The correct answer is -
og v.kq pqfu;s ftlesa ladj.k vk|&voLFkk esa gksrk gS \
(a) BCl3 (b) NH3 (c) PCl3 (d) BeF2
lgh mÙkj gS
(A) a, b, d (B) a, b, c (C*) b, c (D) c, d
Sol. (a) Electronic configuration of boron in ground state is 1s22s22p1.
BCl3 :
(b) Electronic configuration of nitrogen in ground state is 1s22s22p3.
NH3 :
(c) Electronic configuration of phosphorus in ground state is 1s22s22p63s23p3.
PCl3 :
(d) Electronic configuration of boron in ground state is 1s22s2.
BeF2 :
gy % (a) vk| voLFkk esa cksjkWu dk bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s22p1 gSA
BCl3 :
(b) vk| voLFkk esa ukbVªkstu dk bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s22p3 gSA
ADVBCO - 17
Chemical Bonding-II
NH3 :
(c) QkLQksjl dk vk| voLFkk esa bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s22p63s23p3 gSA
PCl3 :
(d) cksjkWu dk vk| voLFkk esa bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s2 gSA
BeF2 :
3. The bent or V–shape of the molecule can be resulted from which of the following hybridization.
(A) sp3 (B) sp2 (C*) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these
fuEu esa ls fdl ladj.k }kjk v.kq dh vkd`fr eqM+h gqbZ vFkok V-vkd`fr izkIr gks ldrh gS \
(A) sp3 (B) sp2 (C*) (A) rFkk (B) nksuksa (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4. sp3d hybridization is considered to be a combination of two hybridization. They are

(A) p3 + sd (B*) sp2 + pd (C) spd + p2 (D) none of these
nks ladj.k dk ,d la;kstu sp d ladfjr gksrk gSA og ladj.k gS %
3
(A) p3 + sd (B*) sp2 + pd (C) spd + p2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

Sol. A fact, to be remembered.
,d rF;] ;kn j[ksaA
5. If the equatorial plane is x–y plane in sp3d hybridisation then the orbital used in pd hybridisation are -
(A*) pz and dz2 (B) px and dxy (C) py and dyz (D) none of these
;fn sp d ladj.k esa x–y ry fo"kqorh; ry gS rc pd ladj.k esa iz;qDr d{kd gS \
3
(A*) pz o dz2 (B) px o dxy (C) py o dyz (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. A fact, to be remembered.
,d rF;] ;kn j[ksaA
6. A -bonded molecule MX3 is T-shaped. The number of lone pairs of electrons can be
(A) 0 (B*) 2 (C) 1 (D) none of these
,d -cfU/kr v.kq MX3] T-vkd`fr dk gSaA bysDVªkWuksa ds ,dkdh ;qXeksa dh la[;k gks ldrh gS %
(A) 0 (B*) 2 (C) 1 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. T shape geometry is possible in sp3d hybridisation which indicates presence of two lone pairs in MX3.
sp3d ladj.k esa lEHkkfor T;kfefr T-vkd`fr gS tks fd MX3 esa nks ,dkdh ;qXeksa dh mifLFkfr dks n'kkZrh gSA
7. Which of the following should have pyramidal shape :
(A*) [ClOF2]+ (B) ICl3 (C) [BrCl]– (D) All of these
fuEu esa ls fdldh fijsfeMh; vkd`fr gksxh %
(A*) [ClOF2]+ (B) ICl3 (C) [BrCl]– (D) mijksDr lHkh
Sol.
ADVBCO - 18
Chemical Bonding-II
8. Which of the following molecules has two lone pairs and bond angle (need not be all bond angles)
<109.5°?
fuEu esa ls fdl v.kq ds fy, nks ,dkdh ;qXe rFkk cU/k dks.k ¼vko';d ugha fd lHkh cU/k dks.k½ <109.5° gS \
(A) SF2 (B) KrF4 (C) Cl4– (D*) All of these mijksDr lHkh
Sol. (A) (B) (C)
9. The correct order of bond angle is :

ca/k dks.k dk lgh Øe fuEu gSa&
(A) H2S < NH3 < BF3 < CH4 (B) NH3 < H2S < CH4 < BF3
(C*) H2S < NH3 < CH4 < BF3 (D) H2S < CH4 < NH3 < BF3
Sol. H2S – No hybridisation bond angle  93º
NH3 – Pyramidal 104.5º
CH4 – Tetrahedral 109º28'
BF3 – Triaganalplaner 120º
H2S – dksbZ ladj.k ugha ca/k dks.k  93º
NH3 – fijsfefM; 104.5º
CH4 – prq"Qydh; 109º28'
BF3 – f=kdks.kh; leryh; 120º
10. In which of the following molecules are all the bonds not equal?
fuEu esa ls fdl v.kq esa lHkh ca/k leku ugha gS\
(A) NF3 (B*) ClF3 (C) BF3 (D) AlF3
Sol. In sp3d hybridisation (triogonal bipyramidal) the axial and equitorial bonds are different.
sp3d ladj.k (f=kdks.kh; f}fijsfeMh; ) esa v{kh; o fo"kqorh; ca/k fHkUu gksrs gSA
11. Which of the following is correct order of bond length ?

fuEu esa ls ca/k yEckbZ dk lgh Øe gS\
(A) BF4– < BF3 (B*) NO2+ < NO2– (C) CCl4 < CF4 (D) +CH3 > CH4

Sol. ON O Bond order ¼ca/k Øe½ = 2

O– N = O Bond order ¼ca/k Øe½= 1.5
12. Identify the correct statement :

(A) single N–N bond is stronger than single P–P bond
(B*) single N–N bond is weaker than single P–P bond
(C) N N is weaker than PP
(D) None of these
lgh dFku dk p;u dhft, %
(A) ,dy N–N ca/k] ,dy P–P ca/k dh vis{kk izcy gksrk gSA
(B*) ,dy N–N ca/k] ,dy P–P ca/k dh vis{kk nqcZy gksrk gSA
(C) NN, PP dh vis{kk nqcZy gksrk gSA
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. Due to small size of nitrogen, the lp–lp repulsion is more than that in P. Hence statement B is correct
Sol. ukbVªkstu ds NksVs vkdkj ds dkj.k, lp–lp izfrd"kZ.k P ls vf/kd gksrk gSA vr% (B) dFku lR; gSA
13. In which of the following species peroxide group is not present :
fuEu esa ls fdl Lih'kht esa ijkWDlkbM lewg mifLFkr ugha gSA
(A*) [B4O5(OH)4]2– (B) [S2O8]2– (C) CrO5 (D) HNO4
Sol. (A) Is anion of borax and does not contain any peroxide in it.
;g cksjsDl dk _.kk;u gS vkSj blesa dksbZ ijkWDlkbM ugha gksrk gS A
ADVBCO - 19
Chemical Bonding-II
14. Which of the following is correct ?
(A*) S3O9 : contains no S–S linkage. (B) S2O62– : contains –O–O– linkage.
(C) (HPO3)3 : contains P–P linkage (D) S2O82– : contains S–S linkage
fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS \
(A*) S3O9 : dksbZ S–S vkca/k ugha j[krk gS (B) S2O62– : –O–O– vkca/k j[krk gSA
(C) (HPO3)3 : P–P vkca/k j[krk gSA (D) S2O82– : S–S vkca/k j[krk gSA
Sol.
15. The percentage of s–character in the orbital forming P–S bonds in P4S3 is :
P4S3 esa cuk;s x;s P–S cU/k esa ç;qDr d{kd esa s–vfHky{k.k dk izfr'kr fuEu gSa %
(A*) 25 (B) 33 (C) 75 (D) 50
Sol. Hybridisation is sp3.
sp3 ladj.k gSaA
16. Indicate the incorrect statement :

(A) Number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to no. of atomic orbitals involved.
(B*) 2px and 2py - orbitals of carbon can be hybridized to yield two new more stable orbitals
(C) Effective hybridisation is not possible with orbitals of widely different energies
(D) The concept of hybridisation has a greater significance in the VB theory of localised orbitals than in
the MO theory.
xyr dFku dks pqfu;s %
(A) cuus okyh ladfjr d{kdksa dh la[;k Hkkx ysus okys ijek.oh; d{kdksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
(B*) dkcZu ds 2px rFkk 2py - d{kd ladfjr gksdj mRikn ds :i esa nks u;s LFkk;h d{kd cuk;sxsaA
(C) cgqr T;knk fHkUu ÅtkZ d{kdksa esa izHkkoh ladj.k lEHko ugha gSA
(D) vkf.od d{kd fl)kUr dh rqyuk esa la;kstdrk ca/k fl)kUr ladj.k dh ifjdYiuk dks T;knk lkFkZd fl) djrk
gSA
Sol. Hybridization of 2px and 2py does not take place without s-orbital.
s-d{kd ds fcuk 2px rFkk 2py d{kdksa ds ladj.k ugha gksrkA
17. In which of the following compounds B atoms are in sp2 and sp3 hybridisation states ?
(A*) Borax (B) Diborane (C) Borazole (D) All
fuEu essa ls fdl ;kSfxd esa B ijek.kq sp2 rFkk sp3 ladfjr voLFkk esa gSA
(A*) cksjsDl (B) MkbZcksjsu (C) cksjktksy (D) lHkh
ADVBCO - 20
Chemical Bonding-II
Sol. The correct formula of borax is Na2[B4O5(OH)4]. 8H2O. The structure of anion is :
cksjsDl dk lgh lw=k Na2[B4O5(OH)4]. 8H2O gS _.kk;u dh ljapuk fuEu gS %
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
1. Find the number of planar species
leryh; Lih'kht dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
(a) BF3 (b) BCl3 (c) CO32– (d) SO3
(e) NH3 (f) NCl3 (g) PCl3 (h) XeF4
Ans. 5 (a, b, c, d, h)
2. Find the number of species having bond angle less than 109°28'.
fuEu esa ls mu v.kqvksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, ftudk ca/k dks.k dk eku 109°28' ls de gS \
(a) H2S (b) SO4– – (c) CCl4 (d) NH3
(e) PH3 (f) SiH4 (g) NH4+ (h) PF3
(i) NH2– (j) SO3 (k) H2O
Ans. 6 (a, d, e, h, i, k)
3. Find out total number of  bond in following xenon compounds.
fuEu thukWu ;kSfxdksa esa -ca/kksa dh dqy la[;k Kkr dhft,A
XeOF2, XeO2F4, XeO3, XeO4, XeO3F2, XeOF4, XeO2F2
Ans. 16
Sol. No. of  bond (-ca/kksa dh la[;k)
XeOF2 1
XeO2F4 2
XeO3 3
XeO4 4
XeO3F2 3
XeOF4 1
XeO2F2 2
ADVBCO - 21
Chemical Bonding-II
4. P4O10 has two different types of P–O bonds. Find the no. of P–O bonds with shorter bond length.
P4O10 nks izdkj ds P–O ca/k j[krk gSA U;wure ca/k yEckbZ ds P–O ca/kksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 4
Sol. P4O10
5. Difference in the oxidation number of sulphur atom is in Na2S4O6 is x, that of H2S2O5 is y. Find value of
x × y is :
Na2S4O6 esa S ijek.kq dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k esa vUrj x gS] tcfd H2S2O5 esa y gSA x × y dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 10
Sol.
x=5 y=2
value of x × y is = 5 × 2 = 10
6. In a P4O6 molecule, the total number of P–O–P bonds is :

P4O6 v.kq esa] dqy P–O–P ca/kksa dh la[;k gS %
Ans. 6
Sol.
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. Which statement is correct about hybridization ?
(A*) In hybridisation orbitals take part.
(B) In hybridisation electrons take part.
(C*) In hybridisation fully filled, half filled or empty orbitals can take part.
(D) Hybridised orbitals only contains bond pair electron.
ladj.k ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulk oDrO; lgh gS \
(A*) ladj.k esa d{kd Hkkx ysrs gSA
(B) ladj.k esa bysDVªkWu Hkkx ysrs gSA
(C*) ladj.k esa iw.kZiwfjr] v}Ziwfjr vFkok fjDr d{kd Hkkx ysrs gSA
(D) ladfjr d{kd dsoy cU/k bysDVªkWu ;qXe ;qDr gksrs gSA
Sol. It is the orbital that undergo hybridisation and not the electrons. For example, for orbitals of nitrogen
atom (2s2 2p1x 2p1y 2p1z ) belonging to valency shell when hybridise to form four hybrid orbitals, one of
which has two electrons (as before) and other three have one electron each. It is not necessary that
only half filled orbitals participate in hybridisation. In some cases, even filled orbitals of valence shell
take part in hybridisation.
ADVBCO - 22
Chemical Bonding-II
gy- d{kd] ladj.k esa Hkkx ysrs gSa u fd bysDVªkWuA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ukbVªkstu ijek.kq ds (2s2 2p1x 2p1y 2p1z ) d{kd
la;ksth dks'k ls lacaf/kr gS tc pkj ladfjr d{kd cukus ds fy, ladj.k gksrk gS rks buesa ls ,d esa nks bysDVªkWu
¼igys okyk½ rFkk vU; rhuksa esa dsoy ,dµ,d bysDVªkWu gSaA ;g vko';d ugha gS fd ladj.k esa dsoy v)Z iwfjr
d{kd gh Hkkx ysaxsA dqN ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] la;ksth dks'k ds iw.kZ iwfjr d{kd Hkh ladj.k esa Hkkx ysrs gSaA
2. Which of the following represent the given mode of hybridisation sp2–sp2–sp–sp from left to right
fuEu esa ls dkSuls] sp2–sp2–sp–sp ladj.k cka;s ls nka;s n'kkZrs gSa \
(A) H2C=C=C=CH2 (B) HCC–CCH (C*) H2C=CH–CN (D*) H2C=CH–CCH
Sol. H2C = CH – C  CH
sp2 sp2 sp sp
3. Which is/are in linear shape ?
fuEu esa fdldh vkd`fr js[kh; gS \
(A*) NO2+ (B*) XeF2 (C*) 3– (D) 3+

Sol. ON O
4. Which is true about NH2–, NH3, NH4+ ?

(A*) Hybridization of N is same. (B) No. of lone pair of electron on N are same.
(C*) Molecular geometry (i.e. shape) is different. (D) Bond angle is same.
NH2–, NH3, NH4+ ds fy, D;k lR; gS \
(A*) N dk ladj.k leku gSA (B) N ij bysDVªkWu dk ,dkdh ;qXe dh la[;k leku gSA
(C*) vkf.od T;kferh (vFkkZr vkd`fr) fHkUu gSA (D) cU/k dks.k leku gSA
Sol. (A)
gy- (A)
5. Which of the following molecule (s) has/have bond angle close to 90º ?
fuEu esa ls fdu v.kqvksa esa ca/k dks.k dk eku 90º ds lehi gksxk ?
(A) NH3 (B*) H2S (C*) PH3 (D*) ICl3
Sol. B and C  Drago's rule, ICl3
ADVBCO - 23
Chemical Bonding-II
B o C  Msªxks fu;e ls ICl3
6. Which of the following statements are true about borax :

(A) Boron atoms are present in 2 different oxidation state and it different by 1
(B*) the average oxidation state of boron is same that in B2H6.
(C*) Boron atoms are present in different hybridization
(D*) 2 boron atoms are connected with 4 oxygen each and 2 boron atoms are connected with 3 oxygen
atom each.
cksjsDl ls lEcaf/kr lgh dFku gS@gSa %
(A) cksjsDl ijek.kq 2 fHkUu vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,sa iznf'kZr djrk gS rFkk budk vUrj 1 gSA
(B*) cksjksu dh vkSlr vkWDlhdj.k la[;k B2H6 ds leku gksrh gSA
(C*) cksjksu ijek.kq fHkUu ladj.k esa mifLFkr gksrs gSA
(D*) 2 cksjksu ijek.kq izR;sd 4 vkWDlhtu ds lkFk 2 cksjksu izR;sd 3 vkWDlhtu ls lkFk tqM+s gksrs gSA
7. Identify the correct statement

(A) H2S2O7 has peroxy linkage (B*) H2S2O6 has S–S linkage
(C*) H2S2O8 has peroxy linkage (D*) H2SO3(Sulphurous acid) has S in +4 oxidation state
lR; dFku dks igpkfu;sA
(A) H2S2O7 esa ijkWDlh ca/k ik;k tkrk gSA (B*) H2S2O6 esa S–S ca/k ik;k tkrk gSA
(C*) H2S2O8 esa ijkWDlh ca/k ik;k tkrk gSA (D*) H2SO3(lY¶;wjl vEy) esa S dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk +4 gSA
8. In which of the following compound(s) oxidation number of one central atom is/are  6 ?
fuEu esa ls dkSuls ;kSfxd ,d dsUnzh; ijek.kq dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k  6 j[krs gS \
(A) N2O6 (B*) CrO5 (C) H3PO5 (D*) H2S2O8
Sol. N2O6 CrO5
H3PO5 H2S2O8
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions.
fuEu vuqPNsn dks /;kuiwoZd if<+;s rFkk iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A
Comprehension # 1
VSEPR THEORY
The trigonal bipyramid is not a regular shape since the bond angles are not all the same. It therefore
follows that the corners are not equivalent in ClF3 molecule. Lone pairs occupy two of the corners, and
F atoms occupy the other three corners. These different arrangements are theoretically possible, as
shown in figure.
ADVBCO - 24
Chemical Bonding-II
(i) The most stable structure will be the one of lowest energy, that is the one with the minimum
repulsion between the five orbitals. The greatest repulsion occurs between two lone pairs. Lone pair
bond pair repulsions are next strongest, and bond pair-bond pair repulsions the weakest.
A rule of thumb can be theorised, that the position having maximum repulsion amongst them are
occupied at equatorial points. Therefore (3) structure is right.
(ii) Since double bond occupies more space compared to single bond therefore it will prefer equatorial
position.
(iii) More electronegative element will occupy axial position in case of trigonal bipyramidal geometry
(iv) In case of sp3d2 hybridisation lone pairs should be placed opposite to each other because all the
corners are identical.
vuqPNsn # 1
VSEPR fl)kUr
f=kHkqth; f}fijsfeMh; ,d fu;fer vkd`fr ugha gSa] pawfd lHkh cUèk dks.k leku ugha gksrs gSaA blls Kkr gksrk gSa fd
ClF3 v.kq esa blds Nksj ¼fdukjs½ rqY; ugha gksrs gSaA ,dkdh ;qXe nks Nksj ij gksrs gSa rFkk F ijek.kq vU; rhu Nksj ij
gksrs gSaA muds fofHkUu foU;kl] lS)kfUrd :i ls lEHko gS] tSlk dh fp=k esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
a
E
E – Hkwe/;h fLFkfr ¼ryh; fLFkrh½
a – v{kh; fLFkfr
A
E E
a
(i) lcls LFkk;h lajpuk og gSa ftldh ÅtkZ fuEure gksrh gSa] ik¡p d{kdksa ds chp U;wure izfrdf"kZr gksrk gSA lcls
vf/kd izfrd"kZ.k nks ,dkdh ;qXe ds e/; gksrk gSa ,oa blls de izcy izfrd"kZ.k cy ,dkdh ;qXe&cU/k ;qXe ds e/;
gksrk gS ,oa lcls nqcZy izfrd"kZ.k cy cU/k ;qXe&cU/k ;qXe ds e/; gksrk gSA
bl fu;e dks lS)kfUrd :i ls ykxw fd;k tkrk gSa] fd ftuesa izfrd"kZ.k cy vf/kdre gksrk gSA og ryh; fLFkrh esa
vkrs gSA blfy, (3) lajpuk lgh gSA &
(ii) pawfd f}cU/k] ,dy cU/k dh vis{kk vf/kd LFkku ?ksjrs gSa blfy, ;g fo"kqorh; fLFkfr ¼rfy; fLFkfr½ dks izkFkfedrk
nsxkA
(iii) vf/kd fo|qr_.kh rRo] f=kHkqth; f}fijkfeMh; T;kferh esa v{kh; fLFkfr esa jgsxkA
ADVBCO - 25
Chemical Bonding-II
(iv) sp3d2 ladj.k dh ifjfLFkfr esa ,dkdh ;qXe ,d&nwljs ds foijhr j[ks tkrs gSa D;ksafd lHkh Nksj ¼fdukjs½ lefer
gksrs gSaA
1. Geometry (i.e. arrangement of electron pairs around central atom) of ClOF 3 is similar to the :
ClOF3 dh T;kfefr (vFkkZr~ dsUnzh; ijek.kq ds pkjksa vksj bysDVªkWu ;qXe dh O;oLFkk½ fuEu ds leku gS %
(A) XeF4 (B) SOCl2 (C*) 3¯ (D) ClO4¯
Sol.
Cl-atom is in sp3d hybridisation state. Hence geometry is trigonal bi-pyramidal which is similar to 3–
gy-
Cl-ijek.kq sp3d ladj.k voLFkk esa gSA vr% T;kferh f=kHkqth; f}fijsfeMh; gSa tks fd 3– ds leku gSaA
2. The shape of SF5– can be :

SF5– dh vkd`fr fuEu gks ldrh gSa %
– – – –
F F F
F
••
F F F F F
••
S S S S
F F F F F F F F
•• F F F
   V
(A)  only (B)  and  only (C) V only (D*) , , & 
(A) dsoy  (B) dsoy  rFkk  (C) dsoy V (D*) , , rFkk 
Sol. Number of electrons pairs = 6; number of bond pairs = 5; number of lone pairs =1. According to VSEPR
theory geometry of the molecule is square bipyramidal. As all positions are equivalent the lone pair of
electrons can occupy any position in octahedral geometry as given below.
gy- bysDVªkWu ;qXe dh la[;k = 6 ; ca/k ;qXe dh la[;k = 5 ; ,dakdh ;qXe dh la[;k =1 VSEPR fl)kar ds vuqlkj v.kq
dh T;kfefr oxkZdkj f}fijSfeMh; gksrh gSaA p¡wfd lHkh fLFkfr;k¡ lerqY; gSa] ,dkadh bysDVªkWu ;qXe v"VQydh;
T;kferh; esa fdlh Hkh fLFkfr dks ?ksj ldrk gSaA tSlk uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gSaA
ADVBCO - 26
Chemical Bonding-II
3. Actual shape of the molecule BrF5 is similar to the molecule :
(A) PCl5 (B) XeF4 (C) PCl4+ (D*) None of these
v.kq BrF5 dh okLrfod vkd`fr fuEu v.kq ds leku gSa %
(A) PCl5 (B) XeF4 (C) PCl4+ (D*) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. 
 sp3d2
(A) 
 sp3d (B) 
 sp3d2 (C) 
 sp3
4.* Which of the following do not exist ?

fuEu esa ls fdldk vfLrRo ugha gS \
(A*) SH6 (B*) HFO4 (C*) SI6 (D) HClO3
Sol. (A) With hydrogen sulphur does not undergo sp3d2 hybridisation because of larger difference in
energies between s, p and d-orbitals. Sulphur show +6 oxidation state with highly electronegative
elements like O and F.
(B) As fluorine is smaller and more electronegative than oxygen.
(C) I being large in size, cannot get accomodated around S.
Sol. lYQj] gkbMªkstu ds lkFk sp3d2 ladj.k ugha cukrk D;ksa fd buds e/; s, p rFkk d-d{kdksa esa ÅtkZ dk vUrj vf/kd
gksrk gSA (A) lYQj vf/kd fo|qr _.kkRed rRo tSls O ,oa F ds lkFk +6 vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk fn[kkrk gSA
(B) ¶yksjhu] vkWDlhtu dh rqyuk esa vf/kd fo|q r_.kkRed gksrk gS rFkk ¶yksjhu dk vkdkj NksVk gksrk gSA
(C) I vkdkj esa cM+k gksrk gS blfy, S ds pkjks vksj ugha fy;k tk ldrk gSA
Comprehension # 2
Answer 5, 6 and 7 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns of the
following table.
Observe the three columns in which column-1:compound, column-2 : shape while in column-3 :
Hybridisation are given.
Column-1 (Compound) Column-2 (Shape) Column-3 (Hybridisation)
(I) XeF4 (i) Tetrahedral (P) sp3
(II) ClF3 (ii) Square planar (Q) sp2
(III) SiF4 (iii) Bent (R) sp3d
(IV) CH3OCH3 (iv) T-shape (S) sp3d2
vuqPNsn # 2
fuEu lkj.kh ds rhu dkWye es nh xbZ lwpuk ds mfpr lqesy }kjk 49, 50 vkSj 51 ds mÙkj nhft,A
rhu dkWyeksa dk voyksdu dhft;s ftlesa dkWye -1 : ;kSfxd] dkWye-2 : vkÑfr tcfd dkWye-3 : ladj.k fn;s
x;s gSaA
dkWye-1 (;kSfxd) dkWye-2 (vkÑfr) dkWye-3 (ladj.k)
(I) XeF4 (i) prq"Qydh; (P) sp3
(II) ClF3 (ii) oxZ leryh; (Q) sp2
(III) SiF4 (iii) csUV ¼eqM+h gqbZ½ (R) sp3d
(IV) CH3OCH3 (iv) T-vkÑfr (S) sp3d2
5. Which of the following combination is true for compound which have 2 lone pair of electrons on central
atom?
;kSfxd tks fd dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij 2 ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe j[krk gS ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulk la;kstu lR; gS \
(A*) (I), (ii), (S) (B) (I), (ii), (R) (C) (I), (i), (P) (D) (II), (iv), (Q)
ADVBCO - 27
Chemical Bonding-II
F F
Sol. XeF4 Xe 2 lone pair on central atom square planar sp3d2
F F
dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij 2 ,dkdh ;qXe oxZ leryh; sp3d2
6. Which combination is correct for the compound having bond angle > 109º28' ?
;kSfxd ftlesa ca/k dks.k > 109º28' ds fy, lgh la;kstu gS ?
(A) (III), (i), (P) (B*) (IV), (iii), (P) (C) (IV), (ii), (P) (D) (I), (ii), (S)
Sol. CH3–O–CH3 O 2 lone pair on central atom bent sp3

H3C CH3
dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij 2 ,dkdh ;qXe csUV ¼eqM+h gqbZ½ sp3
7. Which of the following is true for a planar compound ?

fuEu esa ls leryh; ;kSfxd ds fy, lR; gS \
(A) (III), (i), (P) (B) (I), (iv), (P) (C*) (II), (iv), (R) (D) (II), (i), (P)
F
Sol. ClF3 is planar leryh; gS Cl F T-shape vkÑfr sp3d

F
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
1. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in NO2+, NO3– and NH4+ are : [JEE–2000(S), 1/135]
(A) sp, sp3 and sp2 respectively (B*) sp, sp2 and sp3 respectively
(C) sp2, sp and sp3 respectively (D) sp2, sp3 and sp respectively
–
NO2 , NO3 rFkk NH4 esa ukbVªkstu ds ijek.oh; d{kd dk ladj.k Øe'k% gS %
+ +
[JEE–2000(S), 1/135]
(A) sp, sp rFkk sp
3 2
(B*) sp, sp rFkk sp
2 3
(C) sp , sp rFkk sp
2 3
(D) sp , sp3 rFkk sp
2
+
Sol. NO2 Number of electron pairs = 2
Number of bond pairs = 2
Number of lone pair = 0
So, the species is linear with sp hybridisation.

ONO
sp
NO3– Number of electron pairs = 3
So, the species is trigonal planar with sp2 hybridisation.
sp2
NH4+ Number of electron pairs = 4
So, the species is tetrahedral with sp3 hybridisation.
ADVBCO - 28
Chemical Bonding-II
 sp3
gy. NO2+ bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 2

cU/k ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 2
,dkadh ;qXe dh la[;k = 0
blfy,] Lih'kht sp ladj.k ds lkFk js[kh; gSA

ONO
sp
NO3– bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 3

blfy,] Lih'kht sp2 ladj.k ds lkFk f=kdks.kh; lery gSA
 sp2
NH4+ bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 4

blfy,] Lih'kht sp3 ladj.k ds lkFk prq"Qydh; gSA
 sp3
2. The number of P–O–P bonds in tricyclic metaphosphoric acid is : [JEE–2000(S), 1/135]

(A) zero (B) two (C*) three (D) four
f=kpØh; esVkQkWLQksfjd vEy esa P–O–P cU/k dh la[;k gSa % [JEE–2000(S), 1/135]
(A) 'kwU; (B) nks (C*) rhu (D) pkj
Sol.
According to the structure of cyclic metaphosphoric acid, (HPO3)3, three are there P – O – P bonds.
gy-
pØh; esVkQkLQksfjd vEy, (HPO3)3 dh lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij ;gk¡ rhu P – O – P cU/k gSA
3. Draw the molecular structures of XeF2, XeF4 and XeO2F2, indicating the location of lone pair of
electrons. [JEE–2000(M), 3/135]
bysDVªkWuksa ds ,adkdh ;qXe dh fLFkfr dks crkrs gq,] XeF2, XeF4 rFkk XeO2F2, ds fy, vkf.od lajpuk cukb;sA
[JEE–2000(M), 3/135]
ADVBCO - 29
Chemical Bonding-II
Sol. According to VSEPR theory
Number of electron pairs = 5, XeF2
Number of bond pairs = 2,
So, Number of lone pairs = 3.
(linear)
Thus XeF2 is linear with 3 lone pairs occupying 3 equatorial positions of
trigonal bipyramidal so as to minimize the repulsions.
XeF4
Number of electron pairs = 6,
So, Number of lone pairs = 2. (square planar)
Thus XeF4 is linear with 2 lone pairs occupying 2 axial positions of
octahedral pyramidal so as to minimize the repulsions.
Number of electron pairs (including super electron pairs) = 5, XeO2F2
So, Number of lone pairs = 1.
Thus XeO2F2 is see-saw with 1 lone pairs occupying one equatorial (see-saw)
position and two double bonds occupying other two equatorial positions
of trigonal bipyramidal so as to minimize the repulsions.
gy- VSEPR fl)kUr ds vuqlkj
bysDVªkWu ;qXeks dh la[;k = 5,
XeF2
cU/kh ;qXeksa dh laa[;k = 2,
blfy;s ,dkadh ;qXeks dh la[;k = 3
blfy;s XeF2 esa 3 ,dkadh ;qXe f=kdks.kh; f}fijkehfM; dh rhu fo"kqorh; (js[kh;)
fLFkfr;k¡ xzg.k djrs gS ftlls dh izfrd"kZ.k U;wure jgasA vr% XeF2
js[kh; gSA
bysDVªkWu ;qXeks dh la[;k = 6,
XeF4
cU/kh ;qXeks dh laa[;k = 4,
blfy;s ,dkadh ;qXeks dh la[;k = 2
blfy;s XeF4 es 2 ,dkadh ;qXe v"VQydh; dh 2 fo"kqorh; fLFkfr;k¡¡ (oxkZdkj leryh;)
xzg.k djrk gS ftlls dh izfrd"kZ.k U;wure jgasA vr% XeF4 oxZ leryh;
gSA
bysDVªkWu ;qXeks dh la[;k (lqij bysDVªkWu ;qXeks dh la[;k dks feykdj) =
XeO2F2
5,
cU/kh ;qXeks dh laa[;k = 4,
blfy;s ,dkadh ;qXeks dh la[;k = 1 (ust vkd`fr)
blfy;s XeO2F2 esa ,d ,dkadh ;qXe fo"kqorh; fLFkfr rFkk nks f}ca/k nwljh
fo"kqorh; fLFkfr xzg.k dj ust vkd`fr (see-saw) cukrk gSA
4. The correct order of hybridisation of the central atom in the following species; NH 3, PCl5 and BCl3 is :
[JEE–2001(S), 1/135]
NH3, PCl5 rFkk BCl3 fLi'kht esa dsfUnzr ijek.kq ds ladj.k dk lgha Øe gS % [JEE–2001(S), 1/135]
2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3
(A) dsp , sp , sp (B*) sp , dsp , sp (C) dsp , sp , dsp (D) dsp , sp2, dsp3
2
Cl
Cl
Sol. P — Cl steric number = 5, so sp3d hybridisation;
Cl
Cl
Cl
steric number = 3, so sp2 hybridisation;
B
Cl Cl
ADVBCO - 30
Chemical Bonding-II
:
N steric number = 4, so sp3 hybridisation;
H H
H
Cl
Cl
gy- P — Cl f=kfoe la[;k = 5, vr% sp3d ladj.k;
Cl
Cl
Cl
f=kfoe la[;k = 3, vr% sp2 ladj.k;
B
Cl Cl
:
N f=kfoe la[;k = 4, vr% sp3 ladj.k ;

H H
H
5. The number of S–S bonds, in sulphur trioxide trimer (S3O9) is : [JEE–2001(S), 1/135]
(A) three (B) two (C) one (D*) Zero
lYQj VªkbZ vkWDlkbM ds f=kyd S3O9 esa fdrus S–S cU/k gS % [JEE–2001(S), 1/135]
(A) rhu (B) nks (C) ,d (D*) 'kwU;
Sol. There is no S-S bond in S3O9 .
gy S3O9 esa ;gkW S-S ca/k ugh gSA
6. Which of the following are isoelectronic and isostructural ? [JEE–2003(S), 3/144]

NO3–, CO32–, ClO3–, SO3
fuEu es ls dkSu lebySDVªkWfud o lelajpukRed gS \ [JEE–2003(S), 3/144]
NO3–, CO32–, ClO3–, SO3
(A*) NO3–, CO32– (B) SO3, NO3– (C) ClO3–, CO32– (D) CO32–, SO3 .
–
Sol. Number of electrons in NO3 = 7 + 3 × 8 + 1 = 32.
Number of electrons in CO32– = 6 + 3 × 8 + 2 = 32.
So both are isoelectronic.
NO3– steric number = 3 ; CO32– steric number = 3.
trigonal planar trigonal planar

As both have same shapes they are also isostructural (same hybridisation and no lone pair of
electrons).
ADVBCO - 31
Chemical Bonding-II
gy- NO3– esa bysDVªkWu dh la[;k = 7 + 3 × 8 + 1 = 32.
CO32– esa bysDVªkWu dh la[;k = 6 + 3 × 8 + 2 = 32.
blfy, nksuks lebysDVªkWfud gSA
NO3– fLVfjd lajpuk = 3 ; CO32– fLVfjd la[;k = 3.
f=kHkqth; leryh; f=kHkqth; leryh;

pwafd nksuksa dh vkd`fr leku gksrh gS blfy, os nksuksa Hkh lelajpukRed gksrs gS ¼leku ladj.k rFkk dksbZ ,dkdh
bysDVªkWu ;qXe ugh gSa½A
7. Using VSEPR theory, draw the shape of PCl5 and BrF5. [JEE–2003(M), 2/144]
VSEPR fl)kUr iz;qDr dj PCl5 rFkk BrF5 dh vkd`fr crkb;sA [JEE–2003(M), 2/144]
Sol. There are 5 electron pairs and all are bonds pairs in PCl5. So to have the minimum repulsions between
bond pairs it acquires trigonal bipyramidal shape. In BrF 5, there are 6 electrons pairs out of which one
lone pair and rest all are bond pairs. So to have the minimum repulsions between bond pairs and lone
pairs it acquires square pyramidal shape.
,
PCl5 (trigonal bipyramidal), BrF5 (square pyramidal)
gy- ;gk¡ PCl5 esa 5 bysDVªkWu ;qXe gS rFkk lHkh cU/k ;qXe cukrs gSA blfy, cU/k ;qXe ds chp U;wure izfrd"kZ.k j[kus ds
fy, ;g f=kHkqth; f}fijSfeMh; vkd`fr izkIr djrk gSA BrF5, esa 6 bysDVªkWu ;qXe gS ftuesa ls ,d ,dkdh ;qXe o 'ks"k
ikWp cUèk ;qXe gSA blfy, cU/k ;qXe o ,dkdh ;qXe ds chp U;wure izfrd"kZ.k j[kus ds fy, ;g oxZ fijSfeMh;
vkd`fr izkIr djrk gSA
,
PCl5 (f=kHkqth; f}fijSfeMh; ), BrF5 (oxZ fijSfeMh; )
8. Use VSEPR model to draw the structures of OSF4 and XeF4 (indicate the lone pair(s) on central atom)
and specify their geometry. [JEE–2004(M), 2/144]
XeF4 rFkk OSF4 dh vkd`fr VSEPR fl)kUr ds vk/kkj ij cukb,A dsfUnz; ijek.kq ij mifLFkr bysDVªkWu ds
;qXe@;qXeksa dks n'kkZb;sA [JEE–2004(M), 2/144]
Sol. According to VSEPR theory two lone pairs out of six electron pairs are trans to each other to have
minimum repulsion. The shape of XeF4 is square planar and geometry is octahedral with sp3d2
hybridisation. The molecule looks like :
ADVBCO - 32
Chemical Bonding-II
In OSF4, there are five electron pairs and all are bond pairs. So geometry is trigonal bipyramidal. As
double bond creates more repulsion than singles bond, the double bond acquires one of equatorial
position of trigonal bipyramidal to have minimum repulsions.
The structure looks like:
gy- VSEPR fl)kUr ds vuqlkj] de izfrd"kZ.k ds fy, N% bysDVªkWu ;qXe esa nks ,dkdh ;qXe ,d nwljs ds foi{k esa gSA
XeF4 dk vkdkj oxZleryh; gS vkSj sp3d2 ladj.k ds dkj.k T;kferh; v"VQydh; gSA v.kq fuEu lajpuk ds leku
fn[krk gS%
OSF4 esa, bysDVªkWu ;qXe ik¡p gS vkSj lHkh cU/k ;qXe gSA blfy, T;kferh f=kdks.kh; f}&fijSfeMh; gSA f}cU/k ,dy
cU/k dh rqyuk esa vf/kd izfrd"kZ.k mRiUu djrs gSA f}cU/k de izfrd"kZ.k ds fy, f=kdks.kh; f}fijSfeMh; dh fo"kqoÙkh;
(equatorial) fLFkfr ij gksrk gSA
lajpuk fuEu ds leku fn[krh gS %
9. The percentage of p-character in the orbitals forming P – P bonds in P4 is : [JEE–2007, 3/162]

P4 esa mifLFkr P – P cU/ku cukus okys d{kdksa esa p- y{k.k dh izfr'krrk gS % [JEE–2007, 3/162]
(A) 25 (B) 33 (C) 50 (D*) 75
Sol. Steric number = 4 ; thus sp3 hybridisation in P4 . As each phosphorus is sp3, so
3
% p character will be = × 100 = 75.
4
gy- LVsfjd la[;k = 4 ; bl izdkj P4 esa ladj.k sp3 gSA blh izdkj izR;sd QkLQksjl (P) dk ladj.k sp3 gS] blfy,
3
p y{k.kksa dh % = × 100 = 75 gksxhA
4
10.* The nitrogen oxide(s) that contain(s) N—N bond(s) is(are) : [JEE–2009, 4/160]
ukbVªkstu vkDlkbM tks N—N cU/k@cU/kksa dks j[krk gS@j[krs gS@gSa % [JEE–2009, 4/160]
(A*) N2O (B*) N2O3 (C*) N2O4 (D) N2O5
Sol. (A) (B)
ADVBCO - 33
Chemical Bonding-II
(C) (D)
N2O4 N2O5
11. The species having pyramidal shape is : [IIT-JEE-2010, 5/163]

Lih'kht ftldk vkdkj fijkfeMh; (pyramidal) gSA
(A) SO3 (B) BrF3 (C) SiO32– (D*) OSF2
Sol. According to VSEPR theory,
number of electron pairs = 4.
number of bond pairs = 3.
number of lone pair = 1.
So, the geometry is tetrahedral but on account of lone pair of electron, to have
minimum repulsions, the shape becomes pyramidal as shown below.
gy. VSEPR fl)kUr ds vuqlkj]

bysDVªksu;qXeksa dh la[;k = 4.
cU/k ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 3.
,dkdh ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 1.
vr% T;kfefr prq"Qydh; gS fdUrq ,dkdh ;qXe ds dkj.k izfrd"kZ.k de djus ds fy,
vkd`fr fijkfeMy gks tkrh gSA tSlk fd uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
12. Based on VSEPR theory, the number of 90 degree F–Br–F angles in BrF5 is : [JEE–2010, 3/163]
VSEPR fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij BrF5 esa 90 fMxzh F-Br-F dks.kksa dh la[;k gS %
Ans. 0 or 8
Sol. The spatial arrangement of six electron clouds (five bond pairs and one lone pair) round the central Br-
atom is octahedral. Due to the presence of one lone pair of electrons in the axial hybrid orbital, the
shape of BrF5 gets distorted and becomes square pyramidal. Basal F-atoms are slightly displaced
upwards from the base of the square pyramid.
Br – F(b) distance = 1.79 Å

Br – F(a) distance = 1.68 Å
F(b) – Br – F(b) angle = 89º 48'
ADVBCO - 34
Chemical Bonding-II
F(b) – Br – F(a) angle = 86º 30'
F(b) – Br – e angle = 93º 30'
gy. dsfUnz; ijek.kq ds pkjksa vksj N% bysDVªksuvHkz (5 caf/kr ;qXe ,oa ,d ,dkdh bysDVªksu;qXe) dk vUrfj{kh;¼f=kfoe½
foU;kl v"VQydh; gSA v{kh; ladfjr d{kdksa esa ,dkdh bysDVªksu;qXe dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k BrF5 dh vkd`fr
fod`r gksdj oxkZdkj fijkfeMy gks tkrh gSA fijkfeM ds vk/kkj esa mifLFkr F- ijek.kq oxkZdkj fijkfeM ds vk/kkj ls
FkksM+k Åij dh vksj gks tkrs gSaA
Br – F(b) nwjh = 1.79 Å

Br – F(a) nwjh = 1.68 Å
F(b) – Br – F(b) dks.k = 89º 48'
F(b) – Br – F(a) dks.k = 86º 30'
F(b) – Br – e dks.k = 93º 30'
13. The shape of XeO2F2 molecule is [JEE–2012, 3/136]

(A) trigonal bipyramidal (B) square plannar
(C) tetrahedral (D*) see-saw
XeO2F2 v.kq dk vkdkj fuEu gSA [JEE–2012, 3/136]
(A) f=kleurk{k f}fijSfeMh (trigonal bipyramidal) (B) oxZ leryh; (square plannar)
(C) prq"Qydh; (tetrahedral) (D*) <Sdqyh ;k ofyroxZ (see-saw)
Sol. XeO2F2 has trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Due to presence of lone pair on equitorial position, the
shape is see-saw.
XeO2F2 f=kdks.kh; f}fijkfeMh; T;kferh; j[krk gSSA fuj{kh; fLFkfr ij ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe mifLFkr gksus ds
dkj.k lh&lkW vkÑfr gksrh gSA
14. The total number of lone pairs of electrons in N2O3 is : [JEE(Advanced) 2015, 4/168]
N2O3 esa bysDVªkWuksa ds ,dkdh ;qXeksa (lone pairs) dh dqy la[;k gS % [JEE(Advanced) 2015, 4/168]
Ans. 8
Sol. N2O3
ADVBCO - 35
Chemical Bonding-II
15. Among the triatomic molecules/ions, BeCl 2, N3–, N2O, NO2+, O3, SCl2, ICl2–, I3– and XeF2, the total
number of linear molecules(s)/ion(s) where the hybridization of the central atom does not have
contribution from the d-orbital(s) is [JEE(Advanced) 2015, 4/168]
[Atomic number : S = 16, Cl = 17,  = 53 and Xe = 54]
fn;s x;s f=kijek.kqd v.kqvksa@vk;uksa] BeCl2, N3–, N2O, NO2+, O3, SCl2, ICl2–, I3– rFkk XeF2, esa jsf[kd
v.kq(vksa)@vk;u¼uksa½] ftuesa dsUnzh; ijek.kq ds ladj.k esa d-vkWfcZVy@vkWfcZVyksa dk Hkkxnku ugha gS] dh dqy la[;k gS
[ijek.kq la[;k (Atomic number) : S = 16, Cl = 17,  = 53 rFkk Xe = 54] [JEE(Advanced) 2015, 4/168]
Ans. 4
Sol. Cl– Be–Cl NNO
Sp Sp Sp
Sp
16.* The crystalline form of borax has [JEE Advanced 2016, 4/124]
(A*) tetranuclear [B4O5(OH)4]2– unit
(B) all boron atoms in the same plane
(C*) equal number of sp2 and sp3 hybridized boron atoms
(D*) one terminal hydroxide per boron atom
cksjsDl (borax) ds fØLVyh; :i esa [JEE Advanced 2016, 4/124]
(A*) prqukZfHkdh; [B4O5(OH)4]2– ,dd unit gS
(B) lHkh cksjkWu ijek.kq ,d gh ry esa gSA
(C*) sp2 rFkk sp3 ladfjr (hybridized) cksjkWu ije.kqvksa dh la[;k leku gSA
(D*) izfr cksjkWu ijek.kq ij ,d vUrLFk (terminal) gkbMªksDlkWbM gSA
Sol. Structure of Borax
O
HO
3
sp B OH
O O B 2
B sp
B O
O
HO - OH
2 3
sp sp
Correct formula of borax is Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O
(A) Borax has tetranuclear. (B4O5(OH)4)2– unit
(B) Only two ‘B’ atom lie in same plane
(C) two Boron are sp2 & two are sp3 hybridised.
(D) one terminal hydroxide per boron atom
Sol. cksjsDl dh lajpuk
O
HO
3
sp B OH
O O B 2
B sp
B O
O
HO - OH
2 3
sp sp
cksjsDl dh lajpuk Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O gSA
(A) cksjsDl prqukZfHkdh; (B4O5(OH)4)2– ,dd gSA
(B) dsoy nks ‘B’ ijek.kq leku ry esa gksrs gSA
(C) nks cksjksu ijek.kq sp2 o nks cksjksu ijek.kq sp3 ladfjr gksrs gSA
(D) izfr cksjksu ijek.kq ij ,d vUrLFk gkbMªksDlkbM gSA
ADVBCO - 36
Chemical Bonding-II
17. The total number of compounds having at least one bridging oxo group among the molecules given
below is _______ . [JEE Advanced 2018, 3/120]
N2O3, N2O5, P4O6, P4O7, H4P2O5, H5P3O10, H2S2O3, H2S2O5
uhps fn;s x, v.kqvksa esa ls] de ls de ,d lsrqca/k (bridging) vkWDlks lewg okys ;kSfxdksa dh dqy la[;k…--------------gSA
[JEE Advanced 2018, 3/120]
N2O3, N2O5, P4O6, P4O7, H4P2O5, H5P3O10, H2S2O3, H2S2O5
Ans. 5 or 6
O
Sol. N2O3 = O N N N N
O O O
O O O
N2O5 = N N
O O
O O O
H5P3O10 = HO–P–O–P–O–P–OH
OH OH OH
S
H2S2O3 = HO–S–OH
O
O O
H2S2O5 = HO–S—S–OH
O
O O
P P
H4P2O5 = H O H
OH OH
P4O6 = P4O7 =
O
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
OFFLINE PROBLEMS
1. The hybridisation of the underline atom changes in : [AIEEE-2002, 3/225]

(1*) AlH3 changes to AlH4– (2) H2O changes to H3O+
+
(3) NH3 changes to NH4 (4) in all cases
js[kkafdr ijek.kq ds ladj.k esa ifjorZu gksrk gS % [AIEEE-2002, 3/225]
(1*) AlH3dk ifjorZu AlH4– esa (2) H2O dk ifjorZu H3O esa +
(3) NH3 dk ifjorZu NH4+ esa (4) lHkh fLFkfr;ksa esa

Sol.
ADVBCO - 37
Chemical Bonding-II
2. Bond angle of 109º 28' is found in : [AIEEE-2002, 3/225]
109º 28' dk ca/k dks.k ik;k tkrk gS % [AIEEE-2002, 3/225]
(1) NH3 (2) H2O (3) CH3+ (4*) NH4+
Sol.
3. Which of the following compounds has the smallest bond angle in its molecule ? [AIEEE-2003, 3/225]
fuEu esa ls fdl ;kSfxd ds v.kq esa cU/k dks.k U;wure gS \ [AIEEE-2003, 3/225]
(1) SO2 (2) H2O (3*) H2S (4) NH3
Sol. (1) The sulphur is in sp2 hybridisation but due to lp-bp repulsion the bond angle decreases to 119.5º.
(2) The oxygen is in sp3 hybridisation but due to lp-lp repulsion the bond angle decreases to 104.5º.
(3) It is believed that pure p atomic orbitals participate in bonding and due to lp-lp repulsion the bond
angle decreases to 92.5º.
(4) The nitrogen is in sp3 hybridisation but due to lp-bp repulsion the bond angle decreases to 107º.
SO2 OH2 SH2 NH3
Bond angle : 119.5o 104.5o 92.5o 107o
gy % (1) lYQj esa sp ladj.k gksrk gSa ysfdu lp-bp izfrd"kZ.k ds dkj.k ca/k dks.k ?kVdj 119.5º gks tkrk gSA
2
(2) vkWDlhtu esa sp3 ladj.k gksrk gSa ysfdu lp-lp izfrd"kZ.k ds dkj.k ca/k dks.k ?kVdj 104.5º gks tkrk gSA
(3) bl v.kq ds fy, ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd 'kq) p ijekf.od d{kd ca/k cukus esa Hkkx ysrs gSa rFkk lp-lp izfrd"kZ.k ds
dkj.k ca/k dks.k ?kVdj 92.5º gks tkrk gSA
(4) ukbVªkstu esa sp3 ladj.k gksrk gSA ysfdu lp-bp izfrd"kZ.k ds dkj.k ca/k dks.k ?kVdj 107º gks tkrk gSA
SO2 OH2 SH2 NH3
ca/k dks.k : 119.5o 104.5o 92.5o 107o
4. The pair of species having identical shapes for molecules of both species is : [AIEEE-2003, 3/225]
iztkfr;ksa dk og ;qXe tks nksuksa iztkfr;ksa ds v.kqvksa ds fy, leku vkd`fÙk j[krk gS % [AIEEE-2003, 3/225]
(1) CF4, SF4 (2*) XeF2, CO2 (3) BF3, PCl3 (4) PF5, IF5.
Sol. (1) CF4 is tetrahedral where as SF4 is see-saw shaped.
(2) , O = C = O both linear according to VSEPR.
(3) BF3 is trigonal planar and PCl3 is pyramidal.

(4) PF5 is trigonal bipyramidal and IF5 is square pyramidal.
gy % (1) CF4 prq"Qydh; gSa ysfdu SF4 lh&lkW vkd`fruqek gSA
(2) , O = C = O VSEPR ds vuqlkj nksuksa jS[kh; gSA
(3) BF3 f=kdks.kh; lery gSa rFkk PCl3 fijSfeMy gSA

(4) PF5 f=kdks.kh; f}fijSfefMy gSa rFkk IF5 oxkZdkj fijSfeMy gSA
5. The maximum number of 90º angles between bond pair–bond pair of electrons is observed in :
[AIEEE-2004, 3/225]
(1) dsp3 (2) sp3d (3) dsp2 (4*) sp3d2
bysDVªkWukas dh ca/k ;qXe&ca/k ;qXe ds chp 90º okys dks.kksa dh la[;k lokZf/kd ns[kh tkrh gS % [AIEEE-2004, 3/225]
[AIEEE-2004, 3/225]
(1) dsp ladj.k esa
3
(2) sp d ladj.k esa
3
(3) dsp ladj.k esa
2
(4*) sp3d2 ladj.k esa
ADVBCO - 38
Chemical Bonding-II
Sol.
Maximum 12 bond angles are of 90º. (vf/kdre 12 ca/k dks.k 90º ds gaSA)
6. The correct order of bond angles (smallest first) in H2S, NH3, BF3 and SiH4 is : [AIEEE-2004, 3/225]
H2S, NH3, BF3 vkSj SiH4esa cU/k dks.kksa dk lgh Øe ¼lcls NksVk izFke½ gS % [AIEEE-2004, 3/225]
(1) H2S < SiH4 < NH3 < BF3 (2) NH3 < H2S < SiH4 < BF3
(3*) H2S < NH3 < SiH4 < BF3 (4) H2S < NH3 < BF3 < SiH4
Sol. The correct order of bond angle (smallest first) is
ca/k dks.k dks lgh Øe ¼lcls NksVk çFke½
H2S < NH3 < SiH4 < BF3
92.6o < 107o < 109o28’ < 120o
7. The molecular shapes of SF4, CF4 and XeF4 are : [AIEEE-2005, 3/225]
(1) the same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, respectively.
(2) the same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons on the central atom, respectively.
(3) different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, respectively.
(4*) different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, respectively.
SF4, CF4 rFkk XeF4 dh vkf.od vkd`fr % [AIEEE-2005, 3/225]
(1) leku gSa rFkk dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij Øe'k% 2, 0 rFkk 1 bysDVªkWu ds ,dkadh ;qXe gSA
(2) leku gSa rFkk dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij Øe'k% 1, 1 rFkk 1 bysDVªkWu ds ,dkadh ;qXe gSA
(3) fHkUu gSa rFkk dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij Øe'k% 0, 1 rFkk 2 bysDVªkWu ds ,dkadh ;qXe gSA
(4*) fHkUu gSa rFkk dsUnzh; ijek.kq ij Øe'k% 1, 0 rFkk 2 bysDVªkWu ds ,dkadh ;qXe gSA
Sol. According to VSEPR theory
F F
F F F
S C Xe
F F F F
F
F F
p = 1 p = 0 p = 2
sp3 d-hybridisation sp3-hybridisation sp3d2-hybridisation
see-saw shape tetrahedral shape square planar shape
gy- VSEPR fl)kUr ds vuqlkj]
F F
F F F
S C Xe
F F F F
F
F F
p = 1 p = 0 p = 2
sp3 d-ladj.k sp3-ladj.k sp3d2-ladj.k
ust vkd`fr (lh-lkW) prq"Qydh; vkd`fr oxZ leryh; lajpuk
ADVBCO - 39
Chemical Bonding-II
8. The hybridisation of orbitals of N atom in NO3–, NO2+ and NH4+ are respectively : [AIEEE-2011, 4/120]
NO3–, NO2+ rFkk NH4+ esa N ijek.kq ds d{kdksa ds ladj.k Øe'k% gksrs gSa % [AIEEE-2011, 4/120]
(1) sp, sp2, sp3 (2*) sp2, sp, sp3 (3) sp, sp3, sp2 (4) sp2, sp3, sp
Sol. NO2+ Number of electron pairs = 2
So, the species is linear with sp hybridisation.

ON O
sp
NO3– Number of electron pairs = 3
So, the species is trigonal planar with sp2 hybridisation.
 sp2
NH4+ Number of electron pairs = 4

So, the species is tetrahedral with sp3 hybridisation.
 sp3
gy. NO2+ bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 2

blfy,] Lih'kht sp ladj.k ds lkFk js[kh; gSA

ON O
sp
NO3– bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 3
blfy,] Lih'kht sp2 ladj.k ds lkFk f=kdks.kh; lery gSA
 sp2
NH4+ bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 4

blfy,] Lih'kht sp3 ladj.k ds lkFk prq"Qydh; gSA
 sp3
9. The structure of IF7 is : [AIEEE-2011, 4/120]

(1) square pyramid (2) trigonal bipyramid (3) octahedral (4*) pentagonal bipyramid
IF7 dh lajpuk gS % [AIEEE-2011, 4/120]
(1) oxZ fijkfeM (2) f=kleurk{k f}fijkfeM (3) v"BQydh; (4*) iapHkqth; f}fijkfeM
ADVBCO - 40
Chemical Bonding-II
Sol. The structure is pentagonal bipyramid having sp3d3 hybridisation as given below :
 
Fb – I – Fb = 72º (5 number) ; Fb – I – Fa = 90º (10 number)
Fb – I bond length = 1.858 ± 0.004 Å ; Fa – I bond length = 1.786 ± 0.007 Å.
gy- iapHkqth; f}fijkfeM lajpuk esa ladj.k sp3d3 fuEu izdkj ls fn;k gS %

Fb – I – Fb = 72º (la[;k = 5) ; Fb – I – Fa = 90º (la[;k = 10)
Fb – I ca/k yEckbZ = 1.858 ± 0.004 Å ; Fa – I ca/k yEckbZ = 1.786 ± 0.007 Å.
10. The molecule having smallest bond angle is : [AIEEE-2012, 4/120]

U;wure vkcaèk dks.k okyk v.kq gS % [AIEEE-2012, 4/120]
(1) NCl3 (2) AsCl3 (3*) SbCl3 (4) PCl3
Sol. As electronegativity of central atom decreases, bond angle decreases.
(Hybridisation and number of lone pair on cental atom are same in all options)
dsfUnz; ijek.kq dh fo|qr_.krk esa deh ds lkFk cU/k dks.k esa deh vkrh gSA
(lHkh fodYiksa esa dsUnh; ijek.kq dk ladj.k rFkk ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe dh la[;k leku gSA )
11. In which of the following pairs the two species are not isostructural ? [AIEEE-2012, 4/120]
(1) CO32– and NO3– (2) PCl4+ and SiCl4 (3*) PF5 and BrF5 (4) AlF63– and SF6
fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa esa ls fdlesa nksuksa Lih'kht+ le&lajpukRed ugha gS \ [AIEEE-2012, 4/120]
(1) CO32– vkSj NO3– (2) PCl4+ vkSj SiCl4 (3*) PF5 vkSj BrF5 (4) AlF6 vkSj SF6
3–
Sol. PF5 trigonal bipyramidal

BrF5 square pyramidal (distorted)
PF5 f=kdks.kh; f}fijkfeMh;
BrF5 oxkZdkj fijkfeMh; (foÑr)
12. The species in which the N atom is in a state of sp hybridization is : [JEE(Main)-2016, 4/120]
og Lih'kht ftlesa N ijek.kq sp ladj.k dh voLFkk esa gS] gksxh% [JEE(Main)-2016, 4/120]
(1) NO2– (2) NO3– (3) NO2 (4*) NO2
Sol. NO2– = sp2
NO3– = sp2
NO2 = sp2
NO2 = sp
ONLINE PROBLEMS
1. Which one of the following does not have a pyramidal shape?
[JEE(Main) 2014 Online (11-04-14), 4/120]
fuEu esa ls fdl dk :i fijkfeMh; ugha gS \ [JEE(Main) 2014 Online (11-04-14), 4/120]
(1) (CH3)3N (2*) (SiH3)3N (3) P(CH3)3 (4) P(SiH3)3
ADVBCO - 41
Chemical Bonding-II
2. The geometry of XeOF4 by by VSEPR theory is : [JEE(Main) 2015 Online (10-04-15), 4/120]
(1) pentagonal planar (2) octahedral (3*) square pyramidal (4) trigonal bipyramidal
VSEPR fl)kUr }kjk XeOF4 dh T;kferh gS % [JEE(Main) 2015 Online (10-04-15), 4/120]
(1) iapdks.kh; leryh; (2) v"VQydh; (3*) oxZfijkfeMh; (4) f=kdks.kh; f}fijkfeMh;
O
F F
Xe
Sol. F F sp3d2 hybridized with one position occupied by lone pair.
O
F F
Xe
Sol. F F sp3d2 ladj.k ftlesa ,d ,dkdh ;qXe gksrk gSA
3. Which of the following compound has a P–P bond ? [JEE(Main) 2015 Online (11-04-15), 4/120]
fuEu esa ls dkSulk ;kSfxd P–P ca/k j[krk gS \ [JEE(Main) 2015 Online (11-04-15), 4/120]
(1) H4P2O5 (2) (HPO3)3 (3*) H4P2O6 (4) H4P2O7
Sol. H4P2O6 has P–P linkage
Sol. H4P2O6 , P–P cU/ku j[krk gSA
4. Choose the incorrect formula out of the four compounds for an element X below :
X rRo esa pkj ;kSfxdksa esa ls vlR; lw=k dk p;u dhft,A [JEE(Main) 2015 Online (11-04-15), 4/120]
(1) X2O3 (2*) X2Cl3 (3) X2(SO4)3 (4) XPO4
Sol. 1, 3 and 4 suggests that valency of X is +3. So, formula of chloride is XCl 3.
Sol. 1, 3 rFkk 4 lq>ko nsrs gS fd Xdh la;kstdrk +3 gSA vr% ;kSfxd dk dyksjkbM XCl3 gSA
5. The group of molecules having identical shape is : [JEE(Main) 2016 Online (09-04-16), 4/120]
;kSfxdksa dk leqPp; esa ls leku vkd`fr j[krs gS % [JEE(Main) 2016 Online (09-04-16), 4/120]
(1) PCl5, IF5, XeO2F2 (2) BF3, PCl3, XeO3 (3*) ClF3, XeOF2, XeF3 (4) SF4, XeF4, CCl4
Sol. ClF3, XeOF2 & XeF3 are sp3d hybridized with 2 lone pair e’s, hence all have (T-shape) identical shape.
ClF3, XeOF2 rFkk XeF3 , sp3d ladjhr gS ftuesa 2 ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXe gSA lHkh leku lajpuk (T-vkd`fr) j[krs gSA
+
F–Cl–F F–Xe–F F–Xe –F
F O F
6. Assertion: Among the carbon allotropes, diamond is an insulator, Whereas, graphite is a good
conductor of electricity.
Reason: Hybridization of carbon in diamond and graphite are sp3 and sp2, respectively.
[JEE(Main) 2016 Online (10-04-16), 4/120]
(1*) Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation for the
assertion.
(2) Assertion is incorrect statement, but the reason is correct.
(3) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion.
(4) Both assertion and reason are incorrect.
ADVBCO - 42
Chemical Bonding-II
vfHkdFku : dkcZu ds vij:i esa ls] ghjk dqpkyd gS] tcfd xzsQkbV fo|qr dk lqpkyd gS \
rdZ : dkcZu dk ghjs rFkk xzsQkbV esa ladj.k Øe'k% sp3 vkSj sp2 gSA
[JEE(Main) 2016 Online (10-04-16), 4/120]
(1*) vfHkdFku vkSj rdZ nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj rdZ vfHkdFku dk lgh Li”Vhdj.k gSA
(2) vfHkdFku xyr gS ijUrq rdZ lgh gSA
(3) vfHkdFku vkSj rdZ nksuksa lgh gSa ijUrq rdZ vfHkdFku dk lgh Li”Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(4) vfHkdFku o rdZ nksuksa xyr gSaA
Sol. Fact
7. The bond angle H–X–H is the greatest in the compound : [JEE(Main) 2016 Online (10-04-16), 4/120]
;kSfxd ftlesa lsrq cU/k H–X–H cU/k vf/kdre gS \ [JEE(Main) 2016 Online (10-04-16), 4/120]
(1) NH3 (2) PH3 (3*) CH4 (4) H2O
8. Identify the pair in which the geometry of the species is T-shape and square-pyramidal, respectively :
[JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) ICl2– and ICl5 (2) IO3– and IO2F2– (3) ClF3 and IO4– (4*) XeOF2 and XeOF4
ml ;qXe dks crkb;s ftlesa Lih'kht dh T;kfefr Øe'k% T-vkdkj rFkk oxZ&fijSfeMh vkdkj dh gS%
[JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) ICl2–
rFkk ICl5 (2) IO3– rFkk IO2F2– (3) ClF3 rFkk IO4– (4*) XeOF2 rFkk XeOF4
XeOF2
F XeOF4
F O F
Sol. Xe Xe
O
F F
F
T-Shape
9. In graphite and diamond, the percentage of p-characters of the hybrid orbitals in hybridization are
respectively : [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) 33 and 25 (2*) 67 and 75 (3) 50 and 75 (4) 33 and 75
xzsQkbV rFkk Mk;eaM ds ladj.k esa] ladj d{kdksa ds p-xq.kksa dh izfr'krrk Øe'k% gksxh %
[JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) 33 rFkk 25 (2*) 67 rFkk 75 (3) 50 rFkk 75 (4) 33 rFkk 75
Sol.
Graphite Diamond
sp2 hybridisation sp3 hybridisation
2 3
%P= × 100 = 67 % %P= × 100 = 75 %
3 4
xzsQkbV ghjk
sp2 ladj.k sp3 ladj.k
2 3
%P= × 100 = 67 % %P= × 100 = 75 %
3 4
10. The decreasing order of bond angles in BF3, NH3, PF3 and I3 is :
BF3, NH3, PF3 rFkk I3 esa vkcU/k dks.kksa dk ?kVrk Øe gS % [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1*) I3 > BF3 > NH3 > PF3 (2) BF3 > I3 > PF3 > NH3
(3) BF3 > NH3 > PF3 > I3 (4) I3 > NH3 > PF3 > BF3
ADVBCO - 43
Chemical Bonding-II
F
B Bond angle = 120º
Sol. F F
sp2
N Bond angle = 107º
H H
H
sp3 (1 lone pair)
P When central atom size 
F F
Bond angle 
F
3
sp NH3 > PF3
–
– I
I3
Bond angle 180º
I
I
3
sp d
Bond Angle PF3 < NH3 < BF3 < I3
F
B ca/k dks.k = 120º
Sol. F F
sp2
N ca/k dks.k = 107º
H H
H
sp3 (1 ,dkdh
;qXe)
P tc dsfUnz; ijek.kq dk
F F
F
vkdkj ca/k dks.k 
sp3 NH3 > PF3
–
I
I –3
ca/k dks.k 180º
I
I
sp3d
ca/k dks.k PF3 < NH3 < BF3 < I3
11. The number of P–O bonds in P4O6 is : [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
P4O6 esa P–O vkcU/kksa dh la[;k gS & [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) 6 (2) 9 (3*) 12 (4) 18
P
O
O
Sol. O
P
P O
O
O P
ADVBCO - 44
Chemical Bonding-II
12. In XeO3F2, the number of bond pair(s), -bond(s) and lone pair(s) on Xe atom respectively are :
XeO3F2 esa] vkac/k ;qXe (;qXeksa), -vkca/k (vkca/kksa) rFkk Xe ijek.kq ij ,dkdh ;qXe (;qXeksa) dh la[;k Øe'k: gSA
[JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) 5, 2, 0 (2) 4, 2, 2 (3*) 5, 3, 0 (4) 4, 4, 0
Sol. 5, 3, 0
F
O
O Xe
O
F
sp3 d hybridization
sp3 d ladj.k
13. Among the oxides of nitrogen : [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (16-04-18), 4/120]
N2O3, N2O4 and N2O5 ; the molecule(s) having nitrogen-nitrogen bond is/are :
(1*) N2O3 and N2O4 (2) N2O4 and N2O5 (3) N2O3 and N2O5 (4) Only N2O5
ukbVªkstu ds vkWDlkbM esa N2O3, N2O4 rFkk N2O5 eas] ukbVªkstu-ukbVªkstu ca/k j[kus okyk v.kq gS/ gS :
[JEE(Main) 2018 Online (16-04-18), 4/120]
(1*) N2O3 rFkk N2O4 (2) N2O4 rFkk N2O5 (3) N2O3 rFkk N2O5 (4) dsoy N2O5
N2O3 N2O4
O O O O
Sol. N—N N—N
O O O
14. Which of the following conversions involves change in both shape and hybridisation ?
fuEu esa ls dkSuls :ikUrj.k esa vko`fr rFkk ladj.k nksuks esa ifjorZu fufgr gS?
[JEE(Main) 2018 Online (16-04-18), 4/120]
(1) H2O  H3O +
(2*) BF3  BF4 –
(3) CH4 C2H6 (4) NH3  NH4
Sol. BF3  BF4–
F –
F B
F F
B F
F F
2 3
sp sp
Triangle planar Tetrahedral
F –
F B
F F
B F
F F
sp2 sp3
f=kdks.kh; leryh; prq"Qydh;
15. The incorrect geometry is represented by : [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (16-04-18), 4/120]
(1*) NF3 – trigonal planar (2) BF3 – trigonal planar
(3) AsF5 – trigonal bipyramidal (4) H2O – bent
Xkyr T;kfefr fuEu }kjk iznf'kZr gS - [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (16-04-18), 4/120]
(1*) NF3 – f=kdks.kh; leryh; (2) BF3 – fodks.kh; leryh;
(3) AsF5 – f=kdks.kh; f}fijkfeMh; (4) H2O – eqMh gqbZ
Sol. NF3
N 3 N
F F sp F F sp3
F Trigonal pyramidal F f=kdks.kh; fijkfeMy
ADVBCO - 45
Chemical Bonding-II
16. The type of hybridisation and number of lone pair(s) of electrons of Xe in XeOF4, respectively, are :
[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (10-01-19), 4/120]
(1*) sp3d2 and 1 (2) sp3d2 and 2 (3) sp3d and 1 (4) sp3d and 2
XeOF4 esa Xe ds ladj.k rFkk ,dkdh bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k Øe'k% gSa&
[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (10-01-19), 4/120]
(1*) sp3d2 rFkk 1 (2) sp3d2 rFkk 2 (3) sp3d rFkk 1 (4) sp3d rFkk 2
O
F F
Sol. Xe
..
F F
17. The pair that contains two P–H bonds in each of the oxoacid is:
[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (10-01-19), 4/120]
(1) H4P2O5 and H3PO3 (2) H4P2O5 and H4P2O6 (3*) H3PO2 and H4P2O5 (4) H3PO3 and H3PO2
fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa esa ls ftl ;qXe ds izR;sd vkDlksvEyksa esa nks P–H vkca/k gSa] og gS:
[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (10-01-19), 4/120]
(1) H4P2O5 rFkk H3PO3 (2) H4P2O5 rFkk H4P2O6 (3*) H3PO2 rFkk H4P2O5 (4) H3PO3 rFkk H3PO2
O O O
Sol. P P O P
HO H H OH
OH OH H
O O O
P O P P
HO OH HO H
OH OH H
18. The element that shows greater ability to form p-p multiple bonds, is:
[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (12-01-19), 4/120]
p-p cgqca/k cukus dh izcy ;ksX;rk j[kus okyk rRo gS % [JEE(Main) 2019 Online (12-01-19), 4/120]
(1) Ge (2) Sn (3*) C (4) Si
Sol. C form most stable p-p bonds.
C lokZf/kd LFkk;h p-pcU/k cukrk gSA
ADVBCO - 46

CBO-2 ResoSir cUt6Kj9

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Chemical Bonding-II

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

Square planar Trigonal bipyramidal

A-4. Explain the structure of CIF3 on the basis of VSEPR theory.

Section (B) : Hybridisation

15. 16. BrF5 

Section (C) : Bond angle, bond length comparison

97.1º 98.2º 99º

102º 100º 99º

97.1º 98.2º 99º

102º 100º 99º

Section (D) : Multicentered species

Sol. (a) P4O10,

(b) and (c) nitrogen does not have empty d-orbital.

(d) HClO3 , Cl p-d

(iii) PCl5 (s) exists as [PCl4]+ and [PCl6]– ,

(iv) I2Cl6() [ICl2]+ + [ICl4]–

(iii) PCl5 (s) dk vfLrRo [PCl4]+ vkSj [PCl6]– , ds :i esa gSA

(iv) I2Cl6() [ICl2]+ + [ICl4]–

A-3. Which of the following statement is true for IO2F2– ?

gy- lhµlkW ¼uSt vkd`fr½

(B) Number of bond pairs around I = 2; Number of lone pairs around I = 3.

I ds pkjksa vkSj ca/k ;qXeksa dh la[;k = 2; I ds pkjksa vkSj ,dkdh ;qXe = 3

(D) square pyramidal.

(C) PCl5 f=kdks.kh; f}fijsfeMh; gSA (D) oxhZ; fijsfeMh;

Section (B) : Hybridisation

B-3. In pent-3-en-1-yne the terminal carbon-atoms have following hybridisation

B-4. S1 : [XeF7]+ has sp3d3 hybridisation

B-5. BF3 + F–  BF4–

Section (C) : Bond angle, bond length comparison

(B) Bond angle is 180º because of sp hybridisation of nitrogen.

(B) ca/k dks.k 180º gS] D;ksafd ukbVªkstu dk ladj.k sp gSaA

C-2. Which statement is correct for N3– ion.

C-4. In which of the following bond angle is maximum

C-5. In which of the following central atom is unhybridised?

Section (D) : Multicentered species

D-4. Which is correct about the cyclic silicate [Si 6O18]n– :

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Match the following :

3. Match the following :

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

1. The hybridisation of P in phosphate ion (PO43–) is the same as :

(b) Electronic configuration of nitrogen in ground state is 1s22s22p3.

(c) Electronic configuration of phosphorus in ground state is 1s22s22p63s23p3.

(d) Electronic configuration of boron in ground state is 1s22s2.

gy % (a) vk| voLFkk esa cksjkWu dk bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s22p1 gSA

(b) vk| voLFkk esa ukbVªkstu dk bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s22p3 gSA

(c) QkLQksjl dk vk| voLFkk esa bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s22p63s23p3 gSA

(d) cksjkWu dk vk| voLFkk esa bysDVªkWfud vfHkfoU;kl 1s22s2 gSA

4. sp3d hybridization is considered to be a combination of two hybridization. They are

(A) p3 + sd (B*) sp2 + pd (C) spd + p2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

Sol. (A) (B) (C)

9. The correct order of bond angle is :

11. Which of the following is correct order of bond length ?

12. Identify the correct statement :

16. Indicate the incorrect statement :

cksjsDl dk lgh lw=k Na2[B4O5(OH)4]. 8H2O gS _.kk;u dh ljapuk fuEu gS %

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

6. In a P4O6 molecule, the total number of P–O–P bonds is :

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

4. Which is true about NH2–, NH3, NH4+ ?

Sol. B and C  Drago's rule, ICl3

B o C  Msªxks fu;e ls ICl3