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Rayleigh Fading channels in Mobile Digital] Communication Systems Part I : Mitigation Bernard Sktar, Communications Engineering Services Abstract tutorial} part fon, & Yael facing B Us9 Stee 9 F part ToP-d LEM SCE Of Bae: aa faves as ae degradation hagga ce ae BS We GAA AQ GeE PASAT, O18 Gees TWol sacl TzA4 Partie] ERSTE) Ags ae 3 rang ] Teas Te =n = er 7% 1. ae ‘ear | iain ley —+ Pea description werstorm | osiption bate ‘n val fom] [om ee iat} |e J woe sagem | (reds ring | ES TW 1 Fading channel manifestations, UZAZA7| profile Multipath-intensity Weck spaced-time conrelatin®2 2] profile}el S@ Al2F AS Be Qglaell SE BH R4HS BAT, A822 LEMS. OAS SHS USste ABS] AlAs Moo We SAE “SA ABASC A BHO, 2 AGT Bs BA Be SAAB] @ ol PSE A gol Bul Beisel ay DH Bese] Be 2 eg ESS 2th ' de ggase Nemo sae TF Bee sony 2 Toe gg ae ag TE UEC OIA Je ao a01ct = Ae] TP A 88) threshold By SIVA Tre WESC WeASe ONE BOIS SG Aa aD AGS UY siz] PE ogss az 47g] YEO] RRC. ut. 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BIE Z7IE 3.69e801Ch WA GSMO ABE Viterbi equalian = 4-sHl= 224 9) WES HIG, olalziwod 2 LHe 22} HSK, Viterbi equelizer®] 7) a] t° JHS€t sequences] L, ¥lE dee sequence 24S HOF WE 201d, TB AV LBE sequences ZS 28, zho] olattel Tee] Batol weoa 2°] gute 12 wWeE h 2 EE | BA SH hGH windowed estimate = aes ae, Us, We Bae WY S(chennel-comected reference vaveform)2 BY Ag ae SHE $41 HOLE] SHES} ulmsfojzach 2eu sadaol, #4 Hol GeSS F Ago J3gAo wos 4 WS BAe 33 HBAS windowed Ay] Bet + WORD DUR ae, ole ag Az] Jee 7 Pape Qu 22 deg ugg, Guse Viterbi decoding algorithm(VDA)o| 2] 278 GAC, VDAE SA8 sequenceo] al 7S 4 8 (Maximum likelyhood estimate)S +28 The) Direct sequence spread spectrum system] 482 Rake receiver Interim Specification 9§ (5-95) Ze diversity = AZS] «HH Rake receiver!?-9]E A}84! DS/SS BBY AA wg UEC, Ase, FE WE AS 48) Jt as gute go aS EE B24 IRI BS sequence 101112 2 8 asd 574) BB BSEO, ipa ess CH Sh ar if jo rio 2 im sO — iy iw ecesgene 1 o Day ie 4 % 4 caeartt cedars 19 8 three-finger Rake receiver 2]3H BOW AE chips9l of Atole] US 2f2t9] att Ho] Boleta ASH, UALESH AP ys 7 ao Sao] EAfstS fingerS 2M Th fingers 2} A]ZtO] BalStct, S fingers= SAS rab rpB IIE AZt St fh EAH}, 0] lela, Gs BES Seba] one chip timeol lef Be] =]O} We 282 G7) 22 Be + Ut, ty AGALS a) Ast devieedd Fa |S AABAA HOLES: 2 (milliseconts) EE 3 = chip time( Ty> Ts, JZ} Blot] 3 » rola Bee 4 w Gras z = uu 4 Ir 2 ab Bo tt i rio eg chs okt ob sa ag 2 ol a a a a a TS loo Be x AS] SANA, separate comelator= 2} finger Aejol 4BSIc, 0] cold, ZS chip sequence 1011 12] AS versions Aese 3A BB+ QO, Aged Ae eBS 72 Be) SiS AS We} Boda finger sequenced Sle LFEHHZRC, 4 SVE Alto ASS alah Faret Zz PN code JI TH ERE 3 SBaa18 AGTH, Ba Boe ES ROD) 2] = OA} SC. cihp = Ses} FAtet., A129 Sa ASS divesityS ASS A orth, Sila © chip alzh ps/ss chips aH £ BE ABA YA one x128o agug ca sequence?# JHE codeOl orthogonal OIE} ABE, sl} EE BS chip times 21é# ABSIE code chipsS Blot o1s1At AGE AoW AG chire BA noise floo:(conelation sidelobes)9] Aol BEE 22010 Rake reveiverol ole] ZSIL mitigation path diversity S20] Gh PN see AHS E823 Beatq B7) 22 2ue “chips! UAB a Ssh 7 mh orth Rake receiver 91, o] GUA BE Bia, TYPE pDs/ss JAWS 2 ae Roth Esa, point yA 43) 22 BH EAlg EME GE finger 2A ‘St Wt QZ Ginter chip interference)o] aad, spread-spectrum processing gan 1 @ HW Te We Avs le Ags ASC, OF HE equalization 1S-950l BAD B2s}7) BET. ae o1 Pat TAA, Saal A a 4a £45 +84) Bel 2 eaane, (tutorial9] Part] 22 Tf: 2} degradation category] 3 2] A mitigation 718H0] TRON 2D, ASE, Teo} Mol = AA @ Sela, FBI] AE mitigation) we S, Is-s50] S$25 GSM} CDMA JAS LENA ST. References (1) TS. Rappaport, Wireless Communications, Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall, 1996 [2] IGProakis, Digitat Communications, Ch, New York! McGraw-Hill, 1983 [8] RLBogusch, FW, Guigliano, D.LXnerp, “Prequercy- Setective Scintitiation Effects | and—Decision Feedback Equalization in High Dats- Rate and Satellite Links,” Pros, IEEE, vol, 71, 108, June 1893, pp, 14-87 [4] SUH, Qureshi, “Adaptive Equalization,” Proc, IEEE, vol.73, m8, Sept, 1985, pp.1340-37, 15] GD, Forney, “The Viterbi Algorithm,” Proc, IEEE, vol 61, no3, Mar, 1978, pp.268-78. [6] BSklr, Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications C8, Englewood cliffs, NJ: Frentice Hall, 1988 I] Ro Price and FEGren Jn, “A Communication Technique for Multipath channels,” Proc, IRE, vol46, no3, Mur 1958, pp555-70, f8] GL, Turin, “Introduction to Spredd-Spectrum Antimultinah Teciniques and Their Application to Urban Digital Radio,” Proc, IBEE, vol68, Me. 1980, pp328-83, 18] MK. 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Modulation and Coding, Mission Research Crop,, Santa Barbara, CA, Rep, no, MRC R-1043, Mar, 11, 1987, [16] F, Hauris, “On the Relationship Between Muitirate Polyphase FIR Filters and Windowed, Overlapred FFT Processing,” Proc, 23rd Annual Asilomar Conf, Signals, Sys, and Comp, Pacific Grove, CA, Oct, 30-Nov, 1, 1983, pp, 485-88, [17] RW, Lowdermilk and F, Harris, “Design and Performance of Fading Insensitive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) Using Polyphase Filtering Techniques,” Proc, Oth Annual Asilomar Conf, Signals, Sys, and Comp, Pacific Grove, CA, Nov, 3-6, 1996, [18] MKavhrad and GE, Bodeep, “Design Experimental fro a Direct-Sequence Spreac-Spectrum Ratio Using Differential Phase-Shijt Keying Modulation for Indoor Wireless Communications,” IEEE JSAC, SAC-5, no, June 1987, pp815-23, [19] GC, Hess, Land-Mobite System Engineering, Boston’ House, 1993, IH, and and Results val, Radio Artech [20] J, Jagenauer and E, Lut, “Forward Corvelation Ceding for Fading Compensation in Mohile Satellite Channels,” IEEE JSAC, vol, SAC-5, no2, Feb, 1987, pp2Z15-25 [21] PI, McLane, et, al, “PSK ond DPSK Trellis Codes for Fast Fading, Shadowed Mobile Satellite Communication Chennets,” IEEE Trans, Commun,, vol, 38, nol, Now, 1988, pp, 1242-46, [22] C, Schlegel, and DJ, Costello, Jc, “Bandwidth Efficient Coding for Fading Channets! Code Construction and. Performance Anatysis,” IEEE JSAC, vol, nod, Dec, 1989, pp, 1956-68 [23] F, Edbauer, “Performance of Interleaved Trellis-Coded Differential 8PSK Modulation over Facing Chonneis," IEEE JSAC, vol7, no§, Dec, 1989, pp. 1340-46 als. K Mokreni, “Peformance of Coded Systems over Channels," IEEE 40, nod, Jan 1982, Error Soliman and Fading Dispersive ‘Trans, Commun, vel, pp. 51-59 [25] D, Divsalar and F, Pollara, “Turbo Codes for PCS Application” Proc, ICC '95, Seattle, WA, June 18-22, 1995, pp, 54-59 [26] A, J, Bateman and JP, McGeehan, “Data Transmission over UBF Fading Mobile Radio Chaunels," IEE Proc,, vol, 131, pt, F, nod, July 1934, pp, 364-74 le7] L, Hanzo and J, Stetanov, “The Pan-European Digital Czlluar Motite Radio System-Known as GSM," Mobile Radio Commun, R, Steele, Ed, Ch8, London: Pentech Press 1992

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