Oscilloscope definition 

:
The oscilloscope is a device that allows to visualize, therefore to
study, the variations of the voltages (ddp) over time.
In practice, various periodic phenomena, whose variation over time is
translated as voltage form, are studied with an oscilloscope.

How an oscilloscope :
Oscilloscopes display waveforms on a cathode-ray tube (CRT). An electron beam is
emitted from the cathode gun in the CRT tube. The beam travels between two sets of
beam deflector plates. One deflector plate is for horizontal deflection of the electron
beam, and the other plate is for vertical deflection.
The electron beam strikes the inside surface of the CRT display. This surface is
coated with a luminous material such as phosphorus. When the luminous display
screen is struck by the electron beam, it produces light. The light leaves a pattern on
the display screen that represents the amplitude (height) and time period (width) of
the electrical wave being observed and studied.

Cathode-ray tube: is a glass tube emptied of air, part of which is covered by a layer
fluorescent (screen)

Electron gun: a device which produces a thin electron beam

 Horizontal electron deflection system: it consists of two metallic plates, identical to each
other and vertical.

Vertical electron deflection system: it consists of two metal plates, identical in

horizontal.
Basic oscilloscope control :
Cathode ray tube controls :
On/Off or Power button: allows the start (or stop) of the
oscilloscope.
INTEN button: allows you to adjust the light intensity of
the spot.
FOCUS button: allows you to adjust the size of the spot
Vertical Deviation Controls :
Rotator (VOLTS/DIV): it allows the adjustment of the
voltage scale.
Button (POSITION ): allows you to move the spot
according to the y’ y direction of the screen.
Button CH2 INV: allows you to invert, on the screen and
from bottom to top, the signal viewed through the
input channel CH2 Y.
 Slide Switch (AC/GND/DC): when the switch position is
on :
DC: The input signal is connected directly to the vertical
amplifier (this is the correct setting in most cases).
AC: a capacitor is inserted between the input signal and
the vertical amplifier. The DC voltages are then blocked;
only the AC voltages are visible on the screen.
GND : it corresponds to the 0V position of the screen.
Controls related to the time base :
Sweep mode: this is the mode for which the spot
sweeps the screen.
TIME/DIV Rotator: allows you to vary the screen sweep
time by the spot.
X10 MAG button: Allows you to multiply the horizontal
scale by 10.
XY mode: in this mode, the horizontal plates are
subjected to a voltage similar to that of the
vertical plates; either :
Rotator (TIME/DIV) is in its extreme right position.
Button ( POSITION ): allows you to move the spot (or its
trace) in the x’x direction of the screen.

Triggering Controls : the triggering system

(TRIGGER) comprises :
Auto .
NORMAL. In this mode, the value of the tripping voltage
and the forehead (amount or
down) adjust, respectively, using the LEVEL and (+/-)
buttons.

TV:V and TV:H. The latter two modes are used when
working on a television set.
One SOURCE (FC) switch (CH1, CH2, LINE and EXT).
A TRIG IN input that allows triggering by an external
voltage.
Signal selection controls to be viewed :
The four-position switch : CH1, CH2, DUAL and ADD
selects which trace(s) will be
visible on the screen. This will provide:
Only one signal (Input Track CH1 or CH2).
Two signals simultaneously in the DUAL position (that of
CH1 and that of CH2).
The signal is summed in the ADD position.

Operating Instructions :
Preliminary setting of the oscilloscope :
Turn on the oscilloscope by pressing the POWER button
(the LED lights up and the spot appears
on the screen).
Set the oscilloscope controls so that all buttons are not
pressed, slide switches are in the up position, and fine
adjustments are in the center position.
Set the TIME/DIV rotator to the XY position.
Using the INTEN and FOCUS buttons, adjust the size
and brightness of the spotlight (the spotlight should be
as thin as possible and not too glaring).
Calibrate the VOLTS/DIV and TIME/DIV rotators by
turning the CAL buttons, full and right.
Set the CH1 and CH2 channel switches to the GND
position and set, in XY mode and using the position
buttons (horizontal and vertical) bring the spot to the
point with coordinates (x=0, y=0). Then, switch to
scanning mode.
Move previous switches from GND to DC.
The oscilloscope is now ready to display time-varying
voltages.

Visualization of voltages on the

oscilloscope :
Turn on the oscilloscope.
Make the preliminary setting of the oscilloscope.

Set The TIME/DIV and VOLTS/DIV rotators,

respectively, on the positions which give the 0.5
(s)/div and 1 (V)/div read on the display.
Set The TRIGGER MODE and SOURCE (FC) switches, on
AUTO and CH1 respectively.
Set the MODE switches to the DUAL position.
On the GBF function generator, select the
sinusoidal signal, turn it on and set its frequency
to 100 (Hz). Then, connect its red terminal to
the CH1 and CH2 inputs and its black terminal to
the common ground of CH1 and CH2.
Make the two voltages appear on the screen by
changing the value of the caliber on one of the
VOLTS/DIV rotators.