SIM 4207-SEM I 2022/2023 21 OCTOBER 2022

CHAPTER 1

SCL 2-MASTERING YOUR ETHICS TERMS

NAME: Haris Lukman Bin Muhammad Isror

MATRIC CARD: 202810

Instruction: State/write your understanding regarding all the terminologies below. You can
refer from the lecture notes any other references from the internet and provide the
references. At least 1 references for each term.

Due date: for this SCL is 28 October 2022.

ETHICAL YOUR UNDERSTANDING

TERMS
ETHICS Ethics is a moral philosophy that is concerned with what is morally right or
wrong and good or bad. There are 4 types of ethics theories:
1. Utilitarian
Utilitarian ethical theories are based on one’s ability to predict the
consequences of an action.
2. Deontology
The deontological class of ethical theories states that people should adhere to
their obligations and duties when engaged in decision-making when ethics
are in play
3. Rights
In ethical theories based on rights, the rights established by society are
protected and given the highest priority
4. Virtue
The virtue ethical theory judges a person by his/her character rather than by
an action that may deviate from his/her normal behaviour.

Reference – chap 2 philosophical ethics

- https://www.dsef.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/EthicalTheories.pdf

MORALS Morals are the accepted norms of conduct that allow individuals to coexist
peacefully in groups. Moral refers to what society recognises as proper and
appropriate.

Reference –
https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/morals#:~:text=Moral%20refers
%20to%20what%20societies,for%20the%20benefit%20of%20society.

ETHICIST An ethicist is one whose judgment on ethics and ethical codes has come to be trusted

by a specific community and is expressed in some way that makes it possible for
others to mimic or approximate that judgment. For example, Jeremy Bentham an
English Philosopher which the founder of utilitarianism .

Reference-

RNH, NOR 1
SIM 4207-SEM I 2022/2023 21 OCTOBER 2022

MORALI A moralist is someone who has strong ideas about right and wrong behaviour, and

ST who tries to make other people behave according to these ideas.

Reference- https://www.collinsdictionary.com/

RULE OF A rule of conduct is a list of rules or regulations that have been created and
CONDUC maintained to inform the community about behaviour that are not permitted and the
T consequences applied when the behaviors occur.

Reference- https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/rules-of-conduct
PRINCIP Principles are generalised statements on which concrete rules such as norms and laws
LES are based.

Reference - https://www.ias4sure.com/wikiias/gs4/ethics-terms-definitions-upsc-
ethics/#:~:text=Courteous%3A%20polite%2C%20respectful%2C%20or,state%20of
%20happiness%20and%20satisfaction.

MORAL Moral values are the socially accepted behavioural norms, objectives, and
VALUE behaviours. Our behaviour usually develops this set of values over a lengthy
period of time through observation, instruction, training, and social norms.
These are typically universal in nature and may not differ significantly
throughout the world.

Reference- https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/what-are-values/
CORE Core none moral values are values that lie outside the domain of right and
NON wrong. For example, pleasure is a non-moral value because one could be
MORAL happy by doing evil things.
VALUE
Reference- https://docket.acc.com/harness-power-5-core-moral-values (kiv)
DISCUSS People who disagree on solution about moral issues
ION
STOPPE
R

ETHICAL
/MORAL
RELATIVI
SM

CULTUR Cultural relativism refers to not judging other cultures there are different from
AL our own standard of right and wrong. We should understand other cultural
RELATIVI practices and respect their behavior.
SM
Reference- https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/society-and-
culture/culture/a/cultural-relativism-article

RNH, NOR 2
SIM 4207-SEM I 2022/2023 21 OCTOBER 2022

DESCRIP According to descriptive moral relativism, commonly referred to as cultural relativism,

TIVE morality is generally defined by culture. A few principles, like honesty and respect,
MORAL may indeed seem to be practically universal, but when people look at moral standards
RELATIVI around the world between cultures, many distinctions are evident.
SM
Reference - https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/moral-relativism

NORMA Given that there are no universal moral standards, normative moral relativism
TIVE holds that all nations should tolerate each other's diverse moral norms. But
MORAL the majority of philosophers disagree. For instance, just because bribery is
RELATIVI acceptable in some cultures does not indicate that it is not acceptable in
SM others.

Reference - https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/moral-relativism
MAKING
JUDGEM
ENT
BEING People who are likely to condemn and fault-finding based on their point of
JUDGEM view of certain people.
ENTAL
MORAL According to moral absolutism, there are some moral standards that apply to
ABSOLU everyone and can be used to evaluate their behaviour. Deontology is used in
TISM this way.

Reference - https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/moral-relativism
MORAL Moral objectivism is the position that certain acts are objectively right or wrong,
OBJECTI independent of human opinion.
VISM
Reference- https://psychology.fandom.com/wiki/Moral_objectivism
POSITIV  Positive rights are characterized as social or economic and held to include rights such
E RIGHT as the right to force other citizens to pay for education, health care, social
security. Positive right require action.

Reference- https://psychology.fandom.com
NEGATI Negative rights may be either moral or legal in nature and held to include such rights
VE as the right to freedom of speech, property, habeas corpus, freedom from violent
RIGHT crime, freedom of worship, a fair trial and freedom from slavery. Negative right
require inaction.
Reference- https://psychology.fandom.com

RNH, NOR 3