EARTHQUAKES

&
FAULTS
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY

Using models or illustrations,

explain how movements along
faults generate earthquakes.
(S8ES - IIa - 14)
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

01 02 03
Describe the Determine Explain how
different the forces movement
types of that cause along fault
faults. faults. generate an
earthquake.
ARTICLE READING
 A.
RECAP
Let’s identify the layers
of the Earth.
CRUST
MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE
 B.
What’s your
reaction?
 C.
JUMBLED
LETTERS
1. LAUFT - FAULT
- A fracture in the
surface of the crust
where the two blocks
of rocks slip.
2. FSOUC - FOCUS
- The place inside the
Earth’s crust where an
earthquake originates.
3. RENTECPIE - EPICENTER
- The point on the land
surface that is directly
above the focus.
4. KEQUATEARH - EARTHQUAKE

- The sudden shaking of the

ground that we feel when
rock layers suddenly slip
past one another to a new
position.
5. EMICSIS VEWA - SEISMIC WAVE
- Are waves of energy that travel
through Earth’s layers, and are a
result of earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and magma movement.
 D.
VIDEO
PRESENTATION
 EARTHQUAKE
- shaking of the surface of Earth; it is caused by
sudden movement in the Earth’s crust. It
happens when two large pieces of the Earth’s
crust suddenly slip.
- The study of Earthquakes is called
SEISMOLOGY while SIESMOLOGISTS are the
one who study Earthquake.
- The government agency in the Philippines
which monitors the Earthquakes are the
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS). The PHIVOLCS is an
agency under Department of Science and
Technology.
FAULTS
A break in the Earth’s
crust, and along the
break, significant
movement has taken
place.
APPEARANCE OF A FAULT

FOOT WALL HANGING WALL

The rocks The rocks
beneath a above a fault
fault
Tension TYPES OF
Forces that stretch or STRESS FORCES
pull rock layers from
opposite direction. Compression
Forces that push rock
Shearing layers from opposite
Forces that make direction.
rock layers’ slide past
each other.

STRESS- the force applied to an

object.
Tension
Forces that stretch or pull rock layers from opposite direction.
Compression
Forces that push rock layers from opposite direction.
Shearing
Forces that make rock layers’ slide past each other.
 TYPES OF
Normal FAULTS
Fault
Reverse/
Thrust
Fault
Strike -
slip
Fault
 Identify
what type
of fault.
 Hanging wall

Foot wall

Reverse Fault
 Slide past

Strike - slip Fault

Foot wall
Hanging wall

Normal Fault
 Slide past

Strike - slip Fault

Foot wall

Hanging wall

Normal Fault
 ✓ Observing the effects
Intensity of earthquakes in
different places.
✓ Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, VI…)

Magnitude ✓ Release of energy.

✓ Hindu- Arabic Numerals (1,2,3,4,5…..)
The location below
the earth's
surface where
the earthquake
starts is called the
HYPOCENTER and
the location
directly above it
on the surface of
the earth is called
the EPICENTER.