EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS

Chapter 6
EARTHQUAKE
 It is the sudden vibration,
violent movement of
Earth’s surface caused by
a rapid release of stored
energy.
 The other name for
earthquake are tremor or
tremblor.
ANATOMY OF
EARTHQUAKE
Fault Scarp
  a small step or offset on the
ground surface where one side
of a fault has moved vertically
with respect to the other Fault Line
  a break or fracture in the
Fault Plane ground that occurs when the
Earth’s tectonic plates move or
is the planar (flat) surface along shift and are areas where
which there is slip during an earthquake are likely to occur.
earthquake.
ANATOMY OF
EARTHQUAKE
Epicenter
  in seismology is the point on
the Earth's surface directly above
a hypocenter or focus, the point
where an earthquake or an
Fault
underground explosion originates.
  A fault is a fracture or zone
Focus of Hypocenter of fractures between two blocks
The hypocenter is the point of rock. Faults can be classified
within the earth where an earthquake as active or inactive.
rupture starts or originates.
CLASSIFICATION OF FAULT
Active Fault
  earthquakes are most
likely to take place in the
future. For example if in the
last 10 000 years , an
earthquake has occurred along
the faults.

Inactive Fault
  it is the opposite; that is, no seismic activity has been
observed for about 5 600 years.
ANATOMY OF FAULT

Hanging Wall
 the block of rock that lies
above an inclined fault or an
ore body.

Footwall
the block of rock that lies on the
underside of an inclined fault or of a
mineral deposit.
TYPES OF FAULT
Faults can be classified as normal, reverse and strike-slip.

Normal Fault
the hanging wall moves
downward, relative to the
footwall.

Reverse Fault
the hanging wall slides
over the footwall.
TYPES OF FAULT
Faults can be classified as normal, reverse and strike-slip.

Strike-slip Fault
the motion of the blocks of
rocks is horizontal.
PHIVOLCS
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is a service institute of the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that is
principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise
from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and other
related geotectonic phenomena.
 If an earthquake happens underwater, a tsunami will most likely
occur.
Tsunami
a series of giant waves caused by an underwater earthquake or
volcanic eruption. A tsunami is also possible when an asteroid or a
meteoroid crashes into a body of water ( Tsu means harbor; nami
means wave).
How does a tsunami develop then?
First, a huge amount of water is shifted rapidly. This
happens when the seafloor move up and down quickly as a
result of an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. Then a series
of big waves is generated and spreads in every direction
across the body of water.
How a Tsunami
occurs:
 1.
In each item, there are two pictures. Give the word that represents the picture. The
first letter of the word and the number of letters are given as clues.

1.
F _____
5 Letters =

2.
E
10 Letters = __________

3.
T
7 Letters = _______
 ASSESSMENT Directions: Answer each question in three sentences only.

1. What is an Earthquake?
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2. Differentiate focus from an epicenter.
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3. What is a Fault?
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4. What is a tsunami?
___________________________________________________________________________
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5. What is the importance of studying

Earthquakes?
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