BPM (1030106407) Computerengineering

BPM(1030106407) COMPUTERENGINEERING.
Practical – 7
AIM: - How to Download, Install & Run MongoDB Server in Windows OS.
(5.0.6 current version)
How to Download & Install MongoDB on Windows

The following steps can be used to download and install MongoDB on Windows 10
Step 1) Download MongoDB Community Server
Go to link and Download MongoDB Community Server. We will install the 64-bit

version for Windows.
Step 2) Click on Setup

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Once download is complete open the msi file.
Step 3) Click on next
Step 4) Accept the End-User License Agreement
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1. Accept the End-User License Agreement
2. Click Next
Step 5) Click on the “complete” button
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Click on the “complete” button to install all of the components. The custom option can
be used to install selective components or if you want to change the location of the
installation.
Step 6) Service Configuration
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1. Select “Run service as Network Service user”. make a note of the data directory,
we’ll need this later.
2. Click Next
Step 8) Click on install
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Step 9) Click on Finish
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Step 11) Click on start using compass
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Configuration: -
Step 1: - Go to the local disk C and get into Program Files.
There you’ll find a folder named “MongoDB “.
Step 2: - Open it and you’ll find a folder named “bin” i.e., binaries folder.
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Step 3: - You will have 5 to 7 files in it. Copy the path, as given in the snippet path i.e.,
C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\5.0\bin
Step 4: - Open Settings and search “Edit environment variable”.

The options given below would pop up in front of you:
1. Edit environment variable of your account
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Step 5: - click on path and add a new file
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Step 6: - paste the path of bin folder here. Click on ok
Step 7: - Open Command prompts and type “mongo-version” to start the service.
You can see a mongo version 5.0.6 here
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HOW TO CONNECT A MONGO DB TO LOCAL

HOST
Step 1: - click on connect button to connect the local host
Step 2: - Now u will connect to local host
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HOW TO CREATE A DATABASE IN MONGODB
Step 1: - click on create database to create new user.
Step 2: - Given a Database name and collection name as shown in the fig. and then
click on create database
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Step 3: - Now you can see your created database here.
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Practical – 8
AIM: - How to Create Database, collection and insert documents & Drop
database In MongoDB.
How to create a Database

Syntax: -
use Database name
for ex: - use bmu
bmu is database name here but database is not show because you cannot create a table in database so you
can create a table in database.
How to create a Table in Database(collection)
Syntax: -
db.createCollection("Table Name")
for ex: - db.createCollection("student data")
you can see Database by using command: - show dbs
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How to insert a data in table (insert documents)
Syntax: -
db.TableName. insert (
{ user_name:"mark",
post_text:"This is a sample post",
post_privacy:"public",
post_likes_count:0
}
)
EXAMPLE:-
How to drop a table

Syntax: -
db.Table Name.drop()
EXAMPLE:-
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How to drop a Database

Syntax: -
db.dropDatabase()
for ex: - db.dropDatabase()
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Practical – 9
AIM:- How to use Data Types in MongoDB, Read |Query Documents from
Collection in MongoDB
Data Types in MONGODB
MongoDB supports many datatypes. Some of them are –
● String − This is the most commonly used datatype to store the data. String in MongoDB
must be UTF-8 valid.
● Integer − This type is used to store a numerical value. Integer can be 32 bit or 64 bit
depending upon your server.
● Boolean − this type is used to store a Boolean (true/ false) value.
● Double − this type is used to store floating point values.
● Min/ Max keys − this type is used to compare a value against the lowest and highest BSON elements.
● Arrays − this type is used to store arrays or list or multiple values into one key.
● Timestamp − timestamp. This can be handy for recording when a document has been
modified or added.
● Object − This data type is used for embedded documents.
● Null − This type is used to store a Null value
Mongo DB Query Document Using Find () Method
The find() Method

To query data from MongoDB collection, you need to use MongoDB's find() method.
Syntax
db.COLLECTION_NAME.find()
find() method will display all the documents in a non-structured way.
EXAMPLE:-
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The pretty() Method
To display the results in a formatted way, you can use pretty() method.
Syntax
db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().pretty()
EXAMPLE:-
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The findOne() method
Apart from the find() method, there is findOne() method, that returns only one document.
Syntax
db.COLLECTIONNAME.findOne()
EXAMPLE:-
Update document in a collection
MongoDB findOneAndUpdate() method

The findOneAndUpdate() method updates the values in the existing document.
Syntax
db.COLLECTION_NAME.findOneAndUpdate(SELECTIOIN_CRITERIA, UPDATED_DATA)
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EXAMPLE:-
For find and update: -
db.empdetails.findOneAndUpdate(
{First_Name: 'Sagar'},
{ $set: { e_mail: 'sagar_rudra432@gmail.com'}}
)
Following example updates email values of the document with name 'Sagar'.
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Practical: 10
Aim: How to use Projection, Query Operators, Query | Show Documents
using OR & AND Conditions in MongoDB.
The MongoDB query operator includes comparison, logical, element, evaluation, Geospatial, array, bitwise,
and comment operators.
MongoDB Comparison Operators

$eq
The $eq specifies the equality condition. It matches documents where the value of a field equals the
specified value.
Syntax:
1. { <field> : { $eq: <value> } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { price: { $eq: 300 } } )
The above example queries the books collection to select all documents where the value of the price filed
equals 300.
$gt
The $gt chooses a document where the value of the field is greater than the specified value.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $gt: value } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { price: { $gt: 200 } } )
$gte
The $gte choose the documents where the field value is greater than or equal to a specified value.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $gte: value } }
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Example:
1. db.books.find ( { price: { $gte: 250 } } )
$in
The $in operator choose the documents where the value of a field equals any value in the specified array.
Syntax:
1. { filed: { $in: [ <value1>, <value2>, ……] } }
Example:
1. db.books.find( { price: { $in: [100, 200] } } )
$lt
The $lt operator chooses the documents where the value of the field is less than the specified value.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $lt: value } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { price: { $lt: 20 } } )
$lte
The $lte operator chooses the documents where the field value is less than or equal to a specified value.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $lte: value } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { price: { $lte: 250 } } )
$ne
The $ne operator chooses the documents where the field value is not equal to the specified value.
Syntax:
1. { <field>: { $ne: <value> } }
Example:
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1. db.books.find ( { price: { $ne: 500 } } )
$nin
The $nin operator chooses the documents where the field value is not in the specified array or does not
exist.
Syntax:
1. { field : { $nin: [ <value1>, <value2>, .... ] } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { price: { $nin: [ 50, 150, 200 ] } } )
MongoDB Logical Operator

$and
The $and operator works as a logical AND operation on an array. The array should be of one or more
expressions and chooses the documents that satisfy all the expressions in the array.
Syntax:
1. { $and: [ { <exp1> }, { <exp2> }, ....]}
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { $and: [ { price: { $ne: 500 } }, { price: { $exists: true } } ] } )
$not
The $not operator works as a logical NOT on the specified expression and chooses the documents that are
not related to the expression.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $not: { <operator-expression> } } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { price: { $not: { $gt: 200 } } } )
$nor
The $nor operator works as logical NOR on an array of one or more query expression and chooses the
documents that fail all the query expression in the array.
Syntax:
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1. { $nor: [ { <expression1> } , { <expresion2> } , ..... ] }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { $nor: [ { price: 200 }, { sale: true } ] } )
$or
It works as a logical OR operation on an array of two or more expressions and chooses documents that
meet the expectation at least one of the expressions.
Syntax:
1. { $or: [ { <exp_1> }, { <exp_2> }, ... , { <exp_n> } ] }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { $or: [ { quantity: { $lt: 200 } }, { price: 500 } ] } )
MongoDB Element Operator

$exists
The exists operator matches the documents that contain the field when Boolean is true. It also matches the
document where the field value is null.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $exists: <boolean> } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { qty: { $exists: true, $nin: [ 5, 15 ] } } )
$type
The type operator chooses documents where the value of the field is an instance of the specified BSON
type.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $type: <BSON type> } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { "bookid" : { $type : 2 } } );
MongoDB Evaluation Operator

$expr
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The expr operator allows the use of aggregation expressions within the query language.
Syntax:
1. { $expr: { <expression> } }
Example:
1. db.store.find( { $expr: {$gt: [ "$product" , "price" ] } } )
$jsonSchema
It matches the documents that satisfy the specified JSON Schema.
Syntax:
1. { $jsonSchema: <JSON schema object> }
$mod
The mod operator selects the document where the value of a field is divided by a divisor has the specified
remainder.
Syntax:
1. { field: { $mod: [ divisor, remainder ] } }
Example:
1. db.books.find ( { qty: { $mod: [ 200, 0] } } )
$regex
It provides regular expression abilities for pattern matching strings in queries. The MongoDB uses regular
expressions that are compatible with Perl.
Syntax:
1. { <field>: /pattern/<options> }
Example:
1. db.books.find( { price: { $regex: /789$/ } } )
$text
The $text operator searches a text on the content of the field, indexed with a text index.
Syntax:
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1. {
2. $text:
3. {
4. $search: <string>,
5. $language: <string>,
6. $caseSensitive: <boolean>,
7. $diacriticSensitive: <boolean>
8. }
9. }
Example:
1. db.books.find( { $text: { $search: "Othelo" } } )
$where
The "where" operator is used for passing either a string containing a JavaScript expression or a full
JavaScript function to the query system.
Example:
1. db.books.find( { $where: function() {
2. return (hex_md5(this.name)== "9b53e667f30cd329dca1ec9e6a8")
3. } } );
MongoDB Geospatial Operator

$geoIntersects
It selects only those documents whose geospatial data intersects with the given GeoJSON object.
Syntax:
1. {
2. <location field>: {
3. $geoIntersects: {
4. $geometry: {
5. type: "<object type>" ,
6. coordinates: [ <coordinates> ]
7. }
8. }
9. }
10. }
Example:
1. db.places.find(
2. {
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3. loc: {
4. $geoIntersects: {
5. $geometry: {
6. type: "Triangle" ,
7. coordinates: [
8. [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 3, 6 ], [ 6, 1 ] ]
9. ]
10. }
11. }
12. }
13. }
$geoWithin
The geoWithin operator chooses the document with geospatial data that exists entirely within a specified
shape.
Syntax:
1. {
3. $geoWithin: {
4. $geometry: {
5. type: <"Triangle" or "Rectangle"> ,
6. coordinates: [ <coordinates> ]
7. }
8. }
9. }
$near
The near operator defines a point for which a geospatial query returns the documents from close to far.
Syntax:
1. {
3. $near: {
4. $geometry: {
5. type: "Point" ,
6. coordinates: [ <longitude> , <latitude> ]
7. },
8. $maxDistance: <distance in meters>,
9. $minDistance: <distance in meters>
10. }
11. }
Example:
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1. db.places.find(
2. {
3. location:
4. { $near :
5. {
6. $geometry: { type: "Point", coordinates: [ -73.9667, 40.78 ] },
7. $minDistance: 1000,
8. $maxDistance: 5000
9. }
10. }
11. }
$nearSphere
The nearsphere operator specifies a point for which the geospatial query returns the document from
nearest to farthest.
Syntax:
1. {
2. $nearSphere: [ <x>, <y> ],
3. $minDistance: <distance in radians>,
4. $maxDistance: <distance in radians>
5. }
Example:
1. db.legacyPlaces.find(
2. { location : { $nearSphere : [ -73.9667, 40.78 ], $maxDistance: 0.10 } }
3. )
$all
It chooses the document where the value of a field is an array that contains all the specified elements.
Syntax:
1. { <field>: { $all: [ <value1> , <value2> ... ] } }
Example:
1. db.books.find( { tags: { $all: [ "Java", "MongoDB", "RDBMS" ] } } )
$elemMatch
The operator relates documents that contain an array field with at least one element that matches with all
the given query criteria.
Syntax:
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1. { <field>: { $elemMatch: { <query1>, <query2>, ... } } }
Example:
1. db.books.find(
2. { results: { $elemMatch: { $gte: 500, $lt: 400 } } }
3. )
$size
It selects any array with the number of the element specified by the argument.
Syntax:
1. db.collection.find( { field: { $size: 2 } } );
MongoDB Bitwise Operator

$bitsAllClear
It matches the documents where all the bit positions given by the query are clear infield.
Syntax:
1. { <field>: { $bitsAllClear: <numeric bitmask> } }
Example:
1. db.inventory.find( { a: { $bitsAllClear: [ 1, 5 ] } } )
$bitsAllSet
The bitallset operator matches the documents where all the bit positions given by the query are set in the
field.
Syntax:
1. { <field>: { $bitsAllSet: <numeric bitmask> } }
Example:
1. db.inventory.find( { a: { $bitsAllClear: [ 1, 5 ] } } )
$bitsAnyClear
The bitAnyClear operator matches the document where any bit of positions given by the query is clear in
the field.
Syntax:
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1. { <field>: { $bitsAnyClear: <numeric bitmask> } }
Example:
1. db.inventory.find( { a: { $bitsAnyClear: [ 5, 10 ] } } )
$bitsAnySet
It matches the document where any of the bit positions given by the query are set in the field.
Syntax:
1. { <field>: { $bitsAnySet: <numeric bitmask> } }
Example:
1. db.inventory.find( { a: { $bitsAnySet: [ 1, 5 ] } } )
MongoDB comments operator

$comment
The $comment operator associates a comment to any expression taking a query predicate.
Syntax:
1. db.inventory.find( { <query>, $comment: <comment> } )
Example:
1. db.inventory.find(
2. {
3. x: { $mod: [ 1, 0 ] },
4. $comment: "Find Odd values."
5. }
MongoDB Projection Operator

$
The $ operator limits the contents of an array from the query results to contain only the first element
matching the query document.
Syntax:
1. db.books.find( { <array>: <value> ... },
2. { "<array>.$": 1 } )
3. db.books.find( { <array.field>: <value> ...},
4. { "<array>.$": 1 } )
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$elemMatch
The content of the array field made limited using this operator from the query result to contain only the
first element matching the element $elemMatch condition.
Syntax:
1. db.library.find( { bookcode: "63109" },
2. { students: { $elemMatch: { roll: 102 } } } )
$meta
The meta operator returns the result for each matching document where the metadata associated with the
query.
Syntax:
1. { $meta: <metaDataKeyword> }
Example:
1. db.books.find(
2. <query>,
3. { score: { $meta: "textScore" } }
$slice
It controls the number of values in an array that a query returns.
Syntax:
1. db.books.find( { field: value }, { array: {$slice: count } } );
Example:
1. db.books.find( {}, { comments: { $slice: [ 200, 100 ] } } )
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Show Documents-using OR & AND Conditions:
 Logical Operator $and:-

 The MongoDB $and operator performs a logical AND operation on an array of two or
more expressions and retrieves the documents which satisfy all the expressions in
the array.
 The $and operator uses short-circuit evaluation. If the first expression (e.g.
<expression1>) evaluates to false, MongoDB will not evaluate the remaining
expressions.
 Syntax:- { $and: [ { <exp1> }, { <exp2> } , ... , { <expN> } ]}
 Our database name is 'myinfo' and our collection name is 'student'. Here, is the
collection below.
 For Example, we had taken collection “Student”
[
"f_name": "Jenny",
"gender": "Female",
"class": "VI",
"age": 12,
"grd_point": 32.6342rr
},
"f_name": "Parth",
"gender": "Male",
"class": "VII",
"age": 13,
"grd_point": 29.5904
},
"f_name": "Tom",
"gender": "Male",
"class": "VI",
"age": 11,
},
"f_name": "Leena",
"gender": "Female",
"class": "VIII",
"age": 13,
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},
"f_name": "Dhaval",
"gender: "Male",
"class": "VI",
"age": 11,
}
 If we want to select all documents from the collection "student" which satisfying the
condition -
1. gender of student is Female and
2. class of the student is VI and
3. grd_point of the student is greater than equal to 31

 The following Mongodb command can be used: find({$and:[{“gender":"Male"},{"grd_point":{
$gte: 31
}},{"class":”VI"}]}).pretty();
 SQL Equivalent Command:-

SELECT*FROM student
WHERE gender="Male"AND grd_point>=31AND class="VI";
Output:-
"f_name": "Parth",
"gender": "Male",
"class": "VII",
“age": 13,
}
 Logical Opertor $OR :-

 The $or operator is used to search multiple expression in a single query with only one matching
criterion to be needed in a document. More than one keys and values can be used with the $or
operator.
 The $or operator performs a logical OR operation on an array of two or more
<expressions> and selects the documents that satisfy at least one of the
<expressions>.
 Syntax:-
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{ $or: [ { <expression1> }, { <expression2> }, ... ,
{ <expressionN> } ] }
 Example:
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Practical: 11
Aim: How to use Limit, Sort and Skip, shell, Some Useful Collection Methods
in MongoDB.
MongoDB limit() method:-

 To limit the records in MongoDB, you need to use limit() method. The method
accepts one number type argument, which is the number of documents that you
want to be displayed.
 Syntax:- db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER)
 Example: Consider the collection mycol has the following data.
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"MongoDB "}

{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL "}
{"_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":" RDBMS"}
 Following example will display only two documents while querying the document.
>db.mycol.find({},{"title":1,_id:0}).limit(2)
{"title":"MongoDB "}
{"title":"NoSQL "}
 If you don't specify the number of argument in limit() method then it will display all
documents from the collection.
MongoDB Skip() method:-

 Apart from limit() method, there is one more method skip() which also accepts number type
argument and is used to skip the number of documents.
 Syntax:-
 >db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER).skip(NUMBER)
 Example:-
>db.mycol.find({},{"title":1,_id:0}).limit(1).skip(1)
{"title":"NoSQL"}
>
 The default value in skip() method is 0.
MongoDB sort() method:-

 To sort documents in MongoDB, you need to use sort() method. The method accepts a
document containing a list of fields along with their sorting order. To specify sorting order 1
and -1 are used. 1 is used for ascending order while -1 is used for descending order.
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Syntax:- >db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().sort({KEY:1})
 For Example: Consider the collection mycol has the following data.
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"MongoDB "}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL "}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":" RDBMS"}
 This example will display the documents sorted by title in the descending order.
 The MongoDB Shell, mongosh, is a fully functional JavaScript and Node.js 14.x REPL
environment for interacting with MongoDB deployments. You can use the MongoDB Shell
to test queries and operations directly with your database.
 Collection:
Name Description
db.collection.aggregate() Provides access to the
aggregation pipeline.
db.collection.count() Wraps count to return a count of
the number of documents in a
collection or matching a query.
db.collection.createIndex() Builds an index on a collection.
db.collection.dataSize() Returns the size of the
collection. Wraps the size field
in the output of the collStats.
db.collection.distinct() Returns an array of documents
that have distinct values for the
specified field.
db.collection.drop() Removes the specified collection
from the database.
db.collection.dropIndex() Removes a specified index on a

collection.
db.collection.dropIndexes() Removes all indexes on a
collection
db.collection.explain() Returns information on the
query execution of various
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methods.
db.collection.find() Performs a query on a collection and
returns a cursor object.
db.collection.findAndModify() Atomically modifies and returns a single

document.
db.collection.findOne() Performs a query and returns a single

document.
db.collection.getIndexes() Returns an array of documents that describe

the existing indexes on a collection.
db.collection.group() Provides simple data aggregation

function. Groups documents in a collection
by a key, and processes the results. Use
aggregate() for more complex data
aggregation.
db.collection.insert() Creates a new document in a collection.
db.collection.isCapped() Reports if a collection is a

capped collection.
db.collection.reIndex() Rebuilds all existing indexes on a

collection.
db.collection.remove() Deletes documents from a

collection.
db.collection.renameCollection() Changes the name of a

collection.
db.collection.save() Provides a wrapper around an insert() and

update() to insert new documents.
db.collection.stats() Reports on the state of a collection.

Provides a wrapper around the collStats.
db.collection.storageSize() Reports the total size used by the collection

in bytes. Provides a wrapper around the
storageSize field of the collStats output.
db.collection.totalSize() Reports the total size of a collection,

including the size of all documents and all
indexes on
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a collection.
db.collection.totalIndexSize() Reports the total size used by the
indexes on a collection. Provides a
wrapper around the totalIndexSize
field of the collStats output.
db.collection.update() Modifies a document in a

collection.
db.collection.validate() Performs diagnostic operations on a

collection.
 User Management
Name Description
db.auth() Authenticates a user to a database.
db.createUser() Creates a new user.
db.updateUser() Updates user data.
db.changeUserPassword() Changes an existing user’s password.
db.dropAllUsers() Deletes all users associated with a
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Practical: 12
Aim: How to Create Index in MongoDB
 To create an index, you need to use createIndex() method of

MongoDB.
Syntax:- >db.COLLECTION_NAME.createIndex({KEY:1})
 here key is the name of the field on which you want to create
index and 1 is for ascending order. To create index in descending
order you need to use -1.
 Example:-
>db.mycol.createIndex({"title":1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
 In createIndex() method you can pass multiple fields, to
create index on multiple fields.
>db.mycol.createIndex({"title":1,"description":-1})
This method also accepts list of options (which are optional).

Following is the list
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Practical 13
Aim: How to Aggregate Data in MongoDB
What is Aggregation in MongoDB?

Aggregation is a way of processing a large number of documents in a collection by means of
passing them through different stages. The stages make up what is known as a pipeline. The
stages in a pipeline can filter, sort, group, reshape and modify documents that pass through the
pipeline.
One of the most common use cases of Aggregation is to calculate aggregate values for groups of
documents. This is similar to the basic aggregation available in SQL with the GROUP BY clause
and COUNT, SUM and AVG functions. MongoDB Aggregation goes further though and can also
perform relational-like joins, reshape documents, create new and update existing collections, and
so on.
While there are other methods of obtaining aggregate data in MongoDB, the aggregation
framework is the recommended approach for most work.
There are what are called single purpose methods like estimatedDocumentCount(), count(),
and distinct() which are appended to a find() query making them quick to use but limited in
scope.
The map-reduce framework on MongoDB is a predecessor of the aggregation framework and
much more complex to use. MongoDB have deprecated
MongoDB $match
The $match stage allows us to choose just those documents from a collection that we want to work
with. It does this by filtering out those that do not follow our requirements.
In the following example, we only want to work with those documents which specify that Spain is
the value of the field country, and Salamanca is the value of the field city.
In order to get a readable output, I am going to add .pretty() at the end of all the commands.
db.universities.aggregate([
{ $match : { country : 'Spain', city : 'Salamanca' } }
]).pretty()
The output is…
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"_id" : ObjectId("5b7d9d9efbc9884f689cdba9"),
"country" : "Spain","city" : "Salamanca",
"name" : "USAL",
"location" : {
"type" : "Point",
"coordinates" : [
-5.6722512,
17,
40.9607792
]
},
"students" : [
{
"year" : 2014,
"number" : 24774
},
{
"year" : 2015,
"number" : 23166
},
{
"year" : 2016,
"number" : 21913
},
{
"year" : 2017,
"number" : 21715
}
]
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5b7d9d9efbc9884f689cdbaa"),
"country" : "Spain",
"city" : "Salamanca",
"name" : "UPSA",
"location" : {
"type" : "Point",
"coordinates" : [
-5.6691191,
17,
40.9631732
]
},
"students" : [
{
"year" : 2014,
"number" : 4788
},
{
"year" : 2015,
"number" : 4821
},
{
"year" : 2016,
"number" : 6550
},
{
"year" : 2017,
"number" : 6125
}
]
}
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MongoDB $project
It is rare that you ever need to retrieve all the fields in your documents. It is good practice to
return only those fields you need so as to avoid processing more data than is necessary.
The $project stage is used to do this and to add any calculated fields that you need.
In this example, we only need the fields country, city and name.
In the code that follows, please note that:
 We must explicitly write _id : 0 when this field is not required

 Apart from the _id field, it is sufficient to specify only those fields we need to obtain as a result of
the query
This stage …
{ $project : { _id : 0, country : 1, city : 1, name : 1 } }
]).pretty()
..will give the result …
{ "country" : "Spain", "city" : "Salamanca", "name" : "USAL" }
{ "country" : "Spain", "city" : "Salamanca", "name" : "UPSA" }
Here’s another example of MongoDB $project.
MongoDB $group
With the $group stage, we can perform all the aggregation or summary queries that we need, such
as finding counts, totals, averages or maximums.
In this example, we want to know the number of documents per university in our ‘ universities’
collection:
The query …
{ $group : { _id : '$name', totaldocs : { $sum : 1 } } }
]).pretty()
DHRUV SOJITRA
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..will produce this result …
{ "_id" : "UPSA", "totaldocs" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "USAL", "totaldocs" : 1 }
MongoDB $group aggregation operators

The $group stage supports certain expressions (operators) allowing users to perform arithmetic,
array, boolean and other operations as part of the aggregation pipeline.
Operator Meaning
$count Calculates the quantity of documents in the given group.
$max Displays the maximum value of a document’s field in the collection.
$min Displays the minimum value of a document’s field in the collection.
$avg Displays the average value of a document’s field in the collection.
$sum Sums up the specified values of all documents in the collection.
$push Adds extra values into the array of the resulting document.
Check out to see other MongoDB operators and learn more on this topic.
MongoDB $out
This is an unusual type of stage because it allows you to carry the results of your aggregation
over into a new collection, or into an existing one after dropping it, or even adding them to the
existing documents (new in 4.1.2 version).
The $out stage must be the last stage in the pipeline.
For the first time, we are using an aggregation with more than one stage. We now have two,
a $group and an $out:
{ $group : { _id : '$name', totaldocs : { $sum : 1 } } },
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{ $out : 'aggResults' }
])
Now, we check the content of the new ‘aggResults’ collection:
db.aggResults.find().pretty()
{ "_id" : "UPSA", "totaldocs" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "USAL", "totaldocs" : 1 }
>
Here’s how we used the $out stage in this three-part example.
Now we’ve produced a multi-stage aggregation, we can go on to build up a pipeline.
MongoDB $unwind
The $unwind stage in MongoDB is commonly found in a pipeline because it is a means to an end.
You cannot work directly on the elements of an array within a document with stages such
as $group. The $unwind stage enables us to work with the values of the fields within an array.
Where there is an array field within the input documents, you will sometimes need to output the
document several times, once for every element of that array.
Each copy of the document has the array field replaced with the successive element.
In the next example, I am going to apply the stage only to the document whose field name contains
the value USAL.
This is the document:
{
country : 'Spain',
city : 'Salamanca',
name : 'USAL',
location : {
type : 'Point',
coordinates : [ -5.6722512,17, 40.9607792 ]
},
students : [
{ year : 2014, number : 24774 },
{ year : 2015, number : 23166 },
{ year : 2016, number : 21913 },
{ year : 2017, number : 21715 }
]
}
Now, we apply the $unwind stage, over the student’s array, and check that we get a document per
each element of the array.
The first document is made up of the fields in the first element of the array and the rest of the
common fields.
The second document is made up of the fields in the second element of the array and the rest of
the common fields, and so on.
{ $match : { name : 'USAL' } },
DHRUV SOJITRA
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{ $unwind : '$students' }
]).pretty()
{
"name" : "USAL",
"location" : {
"type" : "Point",
"coordinates" : [
-5.6722512,
17,
40.9607792
]
},
"students" : {
"year" : 2014,
"number" : 24774
}
}
{
"name" : "USAL",
"location" : {
"type" : "Point",
"coordinates" : [
-5.6722512,
17,
40.9607792
]
},
"students" : {
"year" : 2015,
"number" : 23166
}
}
{
"name" : "USAL",
"location" : {
"type" : "Point",
"coordinates" : [
-5.6722512,
17,
40.9607792
]
},
"students" : {
"year" : 2016,
"number" : 21913
}
}
{
"name" : "USAL",
"location" : {
"type" : "Point",
"coordinates" : [
-5.6722512,
DHRUV SOJITRA
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17,
40.9607792
]
},
"students" : {
"year" : 2017,
"number" : 21715
}
}
MongoDB $sort
You need the $sort stage to sort your results by the value of a specific field.
For example, let’s sort the documents obtained as a result of the $unwind stage by the number of
students in descending order.
In order to get a lesser output, I am going to project only the year and the number of students.
{ $match : { name : 'USAL' } },
{ $unwind : '$students' },
{ $project : { _id : 0, 'students.year' : 1, 'students.number' : 1 } },
{ $sort : { 'students.number' : -1 } }
]).pretty()
This gives the result …
{ "students" : { "year" : 2014, "number" : 24774 } }
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Practical 14
Aim: How to Backup and Restore Database in MongoDB
 5.6 Backup & restore database in MONGODB:-
Dump MongoDB Data:-
To create backup of database in MongoDB, you

should use mongodump command. This command will dump the
entire data of your server into the dump directory. There are
many options available by which you can limit the amount of
data or create backup of your remote server.
 Syntax:- >mongodump
 Example:-
 Start your mongod server. Assuming that your mongod
server is running on the localhost and port 27017, open a
command prompt and go to the bin directory of your
mongodb instance and type the command
mongodump
 Consider the mycol collection has the following data.
>mongodump
 The command will connect to the server running at
127.0.0.1 and port 27017 and back all data of the server to
directory /bin/dump/. Following is the output of the
command .
DHRUV SOJITRA
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 Following is a list of available options that can be

with the mongodump command.
Syntax Description Example
mongodump --host This commmand will backup mongodump --host

HOST_NAME --port all databases of specified tpoint.com --port
PORT_NUMBER mongod instance. 27017
mongodump --dbpath This command will backup mongodump --

DB_PATH --out only specified database at dbpath /data/db/ --
BACKUP_DIRECTORY specified path. out /data/backup/
mongodump --collection This command will backup mongodump --

COLLECTION --db only specified collection of collection mycol --
DB_NAME specified database. db test
Restore data:-
 To restore backup data MongoDB's

mongorestore command is used. This command
restores all of the data from the backup directory.
 Syntax:- >mongorestore
DHRUV SOJITRA
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How to Download & Install MongoDB on Windows

Step 1) Download MongoDB Community Server

Go to link and Download MongoDB Community Server. We will install the 64-bit

Step 2) Click on Setup

Once download is complete open the msi file.

Step 3) Click on next

Step 4) Accept the End-User License Agreement

Step 5) Click on the “complete” button

Step 6) Service Configuration

Step 7) Click on next

Step 8) Click on install

Step 9) Click on Finish

Step 11) Click on start using compass

There you’ll find a folder named “MongoDB “.

Step 4: - Open Settings and search “Edit environment variable”.

Step 5: - click on path and add a new file

HOW TO CONNECT A MONGO DB TO LOCAL

Step 1: - click on connect button to connect the local host

Step 2: - Now u will connect to local host

HOW TO CREATE A DATABASE IN MONGODB

Step 1: - click on create database to create new user.

Step 3: - Now you can see your created database here.

How to create a Database

use Database name

for ex: - use bmu

How to create a Table in Database(collection)

for ex: - db.createCollection("student data")

you can see Database by using command: - show dbs

How to drop a table

How to drop a Database

for ex: - db.dropDatabase()

Data Types in MONGODB

MongoDB supports many datatypes. Some of them are –

Mongo DB Query Document Using Find () Method

The find() Method

The pretty() Method

Update document in a collection

MongoDB findOneAndUpdate() method

For find and update: -

MongoDB Comparison Operators

MongoDB Logical Operator

MongoDB Element Operator

MongoDB Evaluation Operator

It matches the documents that satisfy the specified JSON Schema.

MongoDB Geospatial Operator

MongoDB Bitwise Operator

MongoDB comments operator

MongoDB Projection Operator

It controls the number of values in an array that a query returns.

Show Documents-using OR & AND Conditions:

 Logical Operator $and:-

2. class of the student is VI and

3. grd_point of the student is greater than equal to 31

 SQL Equivalent Command:-

 Logical Opertor $OR :-

MongoDB limit() method:-

{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"MongoDB "}

MongoDB Skip() method:-

 The default value in skip() method is 0.

MongoDB sort() method:-

db.collection.dropIndex() Removes a specified index on a

db.collection.findAndModify() Atomically modifies and returns a single